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Test Bank for An Introduction to Business Ethics 6th Edition By Joseph DesJardins (All Chapters, 100 Original Verified, A+ Grade) 2

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Test Bank for An Introduction to Business Ethics 6th Edition By Joseph DesJardins (All Chapters, 100 Original Verified, A+ Grade) 2

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Businessb Ethicsb St.Mary’sb University
BinnyambA.
2019
UNITbONE

INTRODUCTIONbTObBUSINESSbETHICSb

LESSONbONE

ETHICS

1.1bWhatbisbEthics?

Definedbfrombthebsourcebofbthebwordbthebtermb"ethics"bisbderivedbfrombthebGreekbwordb"ethos"ba
ndbLatinbwordb“Ethicus”bwhichbmeansbcustomborbcharacterbreferringbtobcharacterborbcustomsborb
acceptedbbehaviours.
Ethicsbcanbbebdefinedbasbabprinciplebofbconductbgoverningbanbindividualborbabgroup.bFrombthisbd
efinitionbwebcanbnoticebfewbpowerbwordsbasbprinciple,bconduct,bgovernanceb&bindividualsba
ndbgroups.

Thebwholebpurposebinbhavingbethicsbisbtobtheboverallbbenefitbofbindividualsbandbgroups.bThesebt
wobarebthebcornerbstonesbofbanybsociety.bSocietybisbabmakingbofbthebeffortsbofbindividualsbasbwell
asbgroups.bHumansbhavebabpredominantbcharacterbofbexpressingbthemselvesbasb abpersonbofboneb
b



ownbandbpartbofbabcertainbgroup.bThebgroupbcanbtakebabformbofbreligious,bethnicity,bnationality,bl
anguagebandbtheblike.bThebmajorbpointbinbherebisbthebideabofbunderstandingbethicsbaimsbtobworkbb
othbatbthebpersonalbandbgroupblevelbwhenbdealingbwithbhumans.

Conductbisbthebwaybhumansbbehave.bPsychologicalbstudiesbhavebrevealedbthebfactbthatbhumansbb
ehavebasbindividualbandbgroupblevel.bSomebpeoplebactbinbonebwaybbeingbalonebwhilebtheybactbdif
ferentlybwhenbwithbpeopleborbabcertainbgroup.bActionsbdefinebwhobabpersonbisbandbentailbconseq
uences.bForbinstancebthebactbofbabstudentbmissingbclassbconsecutivelybwillbendbupbwithbabresultbofb
nobgradebonbthebcoursebhebwasbabsent.bNGbinbthisbcontextbisbthebresultbofbconductbofbabstudentbwh
obmissedbtoobmuchbclass.bWebshallbthenbunderstandbconductbtobmeanbthebwaybonebexpressbhimse
lf,bthebbehaviourbhebisbassociatedbwith,bthebactionbhebisbindulgebin.

Governancebrefersbtobthebprocessbofbcontrollingbandbshapingbhowbabcertainbactionbshallbbebcarrie
dbabout.bThebgovernorbisbonebwithbresponsibilitybthatbchaosbisbcontrolledbandbstabilitybisbreigned
.bWhenbethicsbisbdefinedbasbabsubjectbofbgovernancebitbisbtobmeanbthatbtob abcertainbextentbitbwillbs
eebwhetherbabbehaviourborbactionbofbhumansbisbinblinebwithbcertainbexpectedbstandardsbwhichbwe
referredbinbthebtermbprinciples.
b




1b|bPb ab gb e

,Businessb Ethicsb St.Mary’sb University
BinnyambA.
2019
Principlesbarebthebguidelines,bstandards,brulesbthatbenablebusbjudgebthebconductbofbhumans.bInbor
derbtobcategorizebdifferentbconductsbasbacceptableborbnotbtherebmustbbebabcertainbcriteriabinbplace
whichbwillbenablebusbcomparebthebconductbunderbscrutiny.bInbthebabsencebofbclearbbenchbmarksb
b



governancebcannotbbebcontemplated.

Hencebethicsbbybsettingbcertainbstandardsbandbexpectingbindividualsbandbgroupsbtobstickbtobthemb
triesbtobgovernbhowbpeoplebconductbthemselvesbinbtheirbdaybtobdaybendeavours.

Ethicsbisb alsob definedb asbabstudybofbmorality.b Moralsb arebthebcharactersboneb isb describedb with.bIt
isblinkedbwithbthebbehaviourbonebisbassociated.bWebwillbhavebabvastb discussionbonbthebnotionsbo
b



fbmoralitybinbthebcomingblessons.bForbthisbintroductorybpartbjustbknowbethicsbisbabsubjectbconcern
edbwithbthebdetailbstudiesbofbmoralsborbcharactersbofbhumansbinborderbtobassessbthebbehaviourban
dbcategorizebitbasbrightbandbwrong.bThisbisbthebreasonbwhybethicsbisbsaidbtobbebabdisciplinebthatbst
udiesbmoralbstandards.bThebmeasurementbandbpointbofbreferencebforbabrightbbehaviourborbcharact
erbisbsetbbybethics.bTobthebextentbofbethicsbconcernbinb developingbstandardsbitbhasbbeenbdefinedba
sbabsciencebofbconduct.bAsbyouballbknowbsciencebisbabtermbwebemploybforbknowledgebthatbcanbbeb
provedbempirically.bAlthoughbthebconductbofbabpersonbcanbseemb tob beb ab thingb ofb abstractb and
b outb ofb theb quantitativeb discussionsb andb parametersb ofbsciencebasblongbasbethicsbstrivesbtobsetb
anbacceptedbpointbofbstandardbregardingbhowbpeoplebshouldbbehavebandbwhatbtheybshallbdobandb
don’tbaddedbthebendbresultbofbbuildingbabwell-
b functioningbsociety,bitbisbproperbtobdefinebethicsbasbabscience.

Historybofbknowledgebtellsbusbthatbethicsbcomebasbonebbranchbofbphilosophy.bWhenborganizedbk
nowledgebsurfacebitselfbinbformbofbacademiabinbancientbGreekbthebgeneralbeffortbbybwisebmenbtob
enablebsocietybenlightenbitselfbwasbstructuredbinbtobdifferentbschoolsb underbthebgeneralbthemebofb
philosophy.bThebtermbphilosophybisbequatedbwithbablovebofbknowledge.bOfbthisblovebEthicsbbrea
ksbinbtobabclassbofbitsbownbspecializingbonbthebdiscoursebofbrightbandbwrongbactions.bBybbasingbac
ceptedbsocietalbnormsbasbtobhowbpeoplebbehavebandbwhatbonebisballowedbtobdoborbnotbitbquestions
thebpropernessborbnotbofbacceptedbmoralbstandards.bSeenbinbthisbangelbthebdebatebofbwhatbisbthebr
b



ightbactionbisbstillbonebthatbhasn’tbseenbthebsignedbandbsealedbfatebofbconsensusbamongbscholarbm
akingbethicalbdiscoursebforeverbanew.bAsbbranchbofbphilosophybethicsbisbdefinedbasbabsystematicb
studybofbselectivebchoice,bstandardsbofbrightbandbwrongbbybwhichbitbmaybultimatelybbebdirected.b
Thebtermbselectivebchoicebisbindicativebofbthebendbresultbethicsb desires.b Afterb anb exhaustiveb pres
entationb ofb theb differentb choicesb ab personb shouldb takebinbabsituationbitbisbexpectedbonebwillbbebdir
ectedbtowardsbthebethicalbchoices.


2b|bPb ab gb e

,Businessb Ethicsb St.Mary’sb University
BinnyambA.
2019
OnebmustbnotbconfusebDescriptivebethicsbfrombNormativebethicsbinbdefiningbEthics.bDescriptive
ethicsbisbnotbconsideredbethicsbperbsebasbthebprimarybmotivebisbsimplyblistingbdownbhowbpeoplebb
b



ehavebinbdifferentbcircumstances.bThebfailurebtobbebcriticalbofbactionsbandbthebfailurebinbdirecting
peoplebtobactbinbabcertainbmannerbisbgenerallybtakenbasbabweaknessbofbdescriptivebethics.bTobtheb
b



contrarybnormativebethicsbdealsbwithbthebquestionbofbwhatboughtbtobbe.bItbsetsbstandardsbandbnor
msbforbthebgroupbunderbinvestigationbbybgoingbbeyondbordinarybmoralbquestionbofbwhetherbabcer
tainbactionbisbrightborbwrong.bAlthoughbethicsbcanbbebapproachedbinbbothbdescriptivebandbnormat
ivebwaybtheboverwhelmingbmajoritybofbethicalbcoursesbarebshapedbinbnormativebapproaches.bThi
sbisbalsobthebcasebforbourbbusinessbethicsbcourse.bYoubwillbbebwellbversedbwithbthebunderstanding
ofbthisbdistinctionboncebyoubstartbtobindulgebtobthebdifferentblessonsbatbhand.
b




Questions

✓ Whatbarebthebmajorbwords/phrasesbusedbinbdefiningbethics?
✓ Whatbisbthebmeaningborbideabbehindbthesebmajorbwords?
✓ Findb threeb otherb definitionsb ofb ethicsb andb compareb andb contrastb sameb withb theb onebp
rovidedbinbtheseblesson?

1.2. OBJECTIVESbOFbETHICS

Bybnowbyoubhavebalreadybspottedbthebcorebobjectivesbbehindbthebstudybofbethicsbfrombthebdefinit
ionsbprovided.bInborderbtobbuildbupbonbthatbfoundationbletsblistbdownbthebbasicbobjectivesbofbethic
albstudy.

1. Definebthebgreatestbgoodbforbhumansbandbestablishbabstandard-
bTheb“goodb life’’bwasbthebquestionbtobwhomballbgreatbphilosophersbofbthebworldbtriedbtob
providebanbanswerbfor.bThebgreatestbgoodbtowardsbwhichballbhumansbgearbtheirbenergybw
ithbthebhopebofbcreatingbabworldbjustbforballbmustbbebidentifiedbinborderbtobsetbstandardsbth
atbcanbenablebpeoplebachievebthem.bAbclosebevaluationbofbethicalbtheoriesbendbupbinbtelli
ngbpeoplebhowbtobbehavebinborderbtobcreatebthebutopiabofbourbrealbworld.
2. Establishbnormsbofbbehaviour-
bstandardsbofbethicsbtendbtobendbupbbeingbnormsbofbconduct.bItbisbthebobjectivebofbethicalbt
heoriesbtobshapebhowbpeoplebbehavebandbsetbthisbstandardsbasbthebnormalbofbdaybtobdaybli
fe.




3b|bPb ab gb e

, Businessb Ethicsb St.Mary’sb University
BinnyambA.
2019
3. Assessingbhumanbbehaviourbasbmoralbandbimmoral-
bthebstandardsbarebinbplacebtobjudgebbehavioursbasbrightbandbwrong.bEthicsbestablishesbthe
bfineblinebthatbhelpsbusbidentifybabcertainbactbasbproperbandbmoralborbunacceptablebandbim
moral.
4. Prescriptionsbofbmoralbbehavioursbinbdo’sbandbdon’ts-
bthebnormativebnaturebofbethicsbisbmanifestedbasbitbclaimsbtoborderbpeoplebengagebinbcertai
nbactsbandbcallbpeoplebtobrefrainbfrombcertainbtypesbofbbehaviours.bThebdo’sbarebthosebbeh
avioursbwithbthebsetbnormbandbstandardbsobmoralbandbencouragebwhilebthebdon’tsbarebthos
ebwhichbwillbgobcontrarybtobthebgreatestbgoodbhencebimmoralbandbonebtobavoidborbnotbeng
agebwith.
5. Expressingbopinionbonbhumanbconduct-
bethicsbisbabdevicebforbholdingbopinionbonbactionsbofbpeoplebbasedbonblogicbandbscientificb
analysisbratherbthanbabmerebpersonalbbiasborbpreference.
Generallybtheboverallbaimbofbethicsbisbthebdevelopmentbofbabmoralbstandardbwhichbarebre
asonable,bcarefullybthoughtbofbandbwithbjustificationsbwhichbarebtobbebappliedbinbdaybtobd
ayblifebdecisionsbofbhumans.
DanielbCallahanbinbanbarticlebthatbdiscussesbcoursesbinbbusinessbethicsbhavebsingledboutbfi
vebcorebaimsbinbanbethicalbcourse.bBorrowingbhisbtermsbatbthebendbofbthisbparticularbcours
ebst.maryanbbusinessbstudentsbarebexpectedbto
❖ Stimulatebyourbmoralbimagination-
btobstartbthinkingbaboutbrightbandbwrongbactionbinbabmorebconsistentbway
❖ Recognizebethicalbissues-
btobidentifybthebcorebethicalbissuesbraisedbinbthebbusinessbenvironment
❖ Elicitbyourbsensebofbmoralbobligation-
btobmotivateboneselfbinbconsideringbthebmoralbobligationbwheneverbsuchbisbinbque
stion
❖ Developbyourbanalyticalbskills-
btobgrowbinbthebanalysisbprocessbbybworkingbonbbothbhypotheticalbandbrealbbusine
ssbcasesbwithbmoralbquestion
❖ Toleratebandbreducebdisagreementsbandbambiguities-
bbybappreciatingbthebvariousbethicalbtheoriesbinbplacebtobbebopenbforbabthoroughbd
iscoursebonbmoralitybthanbbebjudgemental.
Questions
✓ Statebthebbasicbobjectivesbofbthebstudybofbethicsbinbabparagraph?
4b|bPb ab gb e

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