Cold War
IMPACT OF COLD WAR ON COUNTRIES OTHER THAN US & USSR + IMPACT on Cold War
Social Political Economic
Germany Brain drain due to the divide: Skilled workers left Became a focus of the Cold War - The Marshall Plan and the Truman
East Germany as refugees to West Germany (by conflict in Germany led to separate Doctrine:
1961, the flow was 1,800 per day) states until East/West Germany was Policy of containment, 13 billion
reunited. USD to rebuild Europe, West
The Berlin Wall: social split to occur between Germany received 1.5 billion USD
eastern and western germans these differences East Germany: political identity stripped. American company
caused the East Germans to view their western Anti-Communists purged, Soviets heads/economic advisors guided
relatives as pampered and privileges. Families were controlled East Germany Western Germany Economy.
separated. People who tried to escape were killed Approximately 200 vocational
(140 people were killed whilst escaping West Germany: guided by Americans, centers opened.
but, still had parties of their own (SPD, East Germany: millions of POWs
Improved Living Standards in West Germany: CSU, CDU) who gave German people used as slaves, 30% of economic
Between 1950 and 1965, level of car voice resources stripped from Germany.
ownership in West Germany increased by 6 Mineral-rich land given to Poland.
times. Industrial output dropped 13%
Plentiful supply of consumer goods and
generally low inflation
Living Standards in East Germany:
East Germany lacked national identity and
was economically stagnant
People were constantly being spied on by the
Stasi and by eachother (6 million East
Germans were spies)
Vietnam Bombing: Health issues, agricultural setbacks as a More Communist support - the Industrial output dropped by 50%
result of “Rolling Thunder” and “Agent Orange”. This French (initially) prevented an as 70% of industrial sites were
destroyed Vietnam’s natural environment and led to election from taking place before destroyed
,widespread illnesses. they left Vietnam because they Transportation routes damaged -
knew the Communists would win trade routes (by road) no longer
Biological Warfare: Political turmoil for future used.
“Agent Orange“, one of major herbicides used, has leaders; next generation of Agricultural output decreased by
left a serious ecological and human impact on Communist leaders in Vietnam almost 13%
Vietnamese people’s lives. Today there are still many had a weakened military, but still
children in Vietnam growing up with various diseases had to defend themselves
and disabilities affected by the harmful chemicals against Khmer Rouge in
carried out in the war. Cambodia
Massively decreased quality of life: 3 million
wounded, 2 million dead.
Many children still growing up with diseases and
disabilities from the chemical warfare.
Refugees fled Vietnam (200,000-400,000 deaths at
sea).
Continued danger due to unexploded bombs and
mines.
Infrastructure and communications destroyed.
Estimated 700,000 Vietnamese with some form of
PTSD
, TWO COLD WAR LEADERS START OF COLD WAR
Compare and contrast the impact of two cold war leaders (and their policies/actions) on the start of the Cold War.
TRUMAN (1945-53) STALIN (1929-53)
Main foreign When Truman came to power as president he had limited FP Salami tactics & creation of buffer zone
policies related experience. Given that it took so long for European nations to start the
to the Cold War second front with USSR (not until 1944), and Stalin saw
US came to realise that in order for European recovery, Britain & France;s appeasement directly targeted at him, he
Germany had to be revitalised, and needed a working economy mistrusted west and wanted a buffer zone for protection
→ sought to stimulate economic recovery Communists who were loyal to Stalin took leading positions
in national parties, then joined coalitions with left wing parties
Containment so that they soon dominated provisional govt. By controlling
1946 Truman wrote to Secretary of State 1946: Unless judicial & repressive systems of state communists able to rig
Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language elections< Political opponents disappeared or harassed.
another war is in the making Between 1947-8, 6 states turned communist
Saw communism as a threat to access to markets, and Political system controlled, as well as economy, culture, land
saw communism as a political threat and media
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
Stalin feared a German recovery → wanted to crush Germany
Cold War 1945 Yalta February 1945
Events Potsdam Conference July 1945 Stalin committed himself to free elections in countries
o Conference considered a failure in some liberated from Nazi control
regards, as there was heated debate over o Declaration of Liberated Europe
Stalin’s policies → some argued that this was USSR promised to join UN and help US defeat
Truman’s fault Japan
During conference Truman informed that A- Zonal divisions of Germany agreed upon
bomb would work, but decided not to inform
Stalin in spite of the facts that Soviets promised Potsdam Conference July 1945
to help Americans in defeating Japan USSR accused of violating agreements made at Yalta by not
o Last attack of WW2 and first attack of Cold War allowing free elections → sharp exchanges over development
in these countries
1946
February – Long telegram 1946 – March Churchill delivers Iron Curtain speech in Missouri
o Gave intellectual basis for containment Stalin tightened grip on Eastern Europe
IMPACT OF COLD WAR ON COUNTRIES OTHER THAN US & USSR + IMPACT on Cold War
Social Political Economic
Germany Brain drain due to the divide: Skilled workers left Became a focus of the Cold War - The Marshall Plan and the Truman
East Germany as refugees to West Germany (by conflict in Germany led to separate Doctrine:
1961, the flow was 1,800 per day) states until East/West Germany was Policy of containment, 13 billion
reunited. USD to rebuild Europe, West
The Berlin Wall: social split to occur between Germany received 1.5 billion USD
eastern and western germans these differences East Germany: political identity stripped. American company
caused the East Germans to view their western Anti-Communists purged, Soviets heads/economic advisors guided
relatives as pampered and privileges. Families were controlled East Germany Western Germany Economy.
separated. People who tried to escape were killed Approximately 200 vocational
(140 people were killed whilst escaping West Germany: guided by Americans, centers opened.
but, still had parties of their own (SPD, East Germany: millions of POWs
Improved Living Standards in West Germany: CSU, CDU) who gave German people used as slaves, 30% of economic
Between 1950 and 1965, level of car voice resources stripped from Germany.
ownership in West Germany increased by 6 Mineral-rich land given to Poland.
times. Industrial output dropped 13%
Plentiful supply of consumer goods and
generally low inflation
Living Standards in East Germany:
East Germany lacked national identity and
was economically stagnant
People were constantly being spied on by the
Stasi and by eachother (6 million East
Germans were spies)
Vietnam Bombing: Health issues, agricultural setbacks as a More Communist support - the Industrial output dropped by 50%
result of “Rolling Thunder” and “Agent Orange”. This French (initially) prevented an as 70% of industrial sites were
destroyed Vietnam’s natural environment and led to election from taking place before destroyed
,widespread illnesses. they left Vietnam because they Transportation routes damaged -
knew the Communists would win trade routes (by road) no longer
Biological Warfare: Political turmoil for future used.
“Agent Orange“, one of major herbicides used, has leaders; next generation of Agricultural output decreased by
left a serious ecological and human impact on Communist leaders in Vietnam almost 13%
Vietnamese people’s lives. Today there are still many had a weakened military, but still
children in Vietnam growing up with various diseases had to defend themselves
and disabilities affected by the harmful chemicals against Khmer Rouge in
carried out in the war. Cambodia
Massively decreased quality of life: 3 million
wounded, 2 million dead.
Many children still growing up with diseases and
disabilities from the chemical warfare.
Refugees fled Vietnam (200,000-400,000 deaths at
sea).
Continued danger due to unexploded bombs and
mines.
Infrastructure and communications destroyed.
Estimated 700,000 Vietnamese with some form of
PTSD
, TWO COLD WAR LEADERS START OF COLD WAR
Compare and contrast the impact of two cold war leaders (and their policies/actions) on the start of the Cold War.
TRUMAN (1945-53) STALIN (1929-53)
Main foreign When Truman came to power as president he had limited FP Salami tactics & creation of buffer zone
policies related experience. Given that it took so long for European nations to start the
to the Cold War second front with USSR (not until 1944), and Stalin saw
US came to realise that in order for European recovery, Britain & France;s appeasement directly targeted at him, he
Germany had to be revitalised, and needed a working economy mistrusted west and wanted a buffer zone for protection
→ sought to stimulate economic recovery Communists who were loyal to Stalin took leading positions
in national parties, then joined coalitions with left wing parties
Containment so that they soon dominated provisional govt. By controlling
1946 Truman wrote to Secretary of State 1946: Unless judicial & repressive systems of state communists able to rig
Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language elections< Political opponents disappeared or harassed.
another war is in the making Between 1947-8, 6 states turned communist
Saw communism as a threat to access to markets, and Political system controlled, as well as economy, culture, land
saw communism as a political threat and media
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
Stalin feared a German recovery → wanted to crush Germany
Cold War 1945 Yalta February 1945
Events Potsdam Conference July 1945 Stalin committed himself to free elections in countries
o Conference considered a failure in some liberated from Nazi control
regards, as there was heated debate over o Declaration of Liberated Europe
Stalin’s policies → some argued that this was USSR promised to join UN and help US defeat
Truman’s fault Japan
During conference Truman informed that A- Zonal divisions of Germany agreed upon
bomb would work, but decided not to inform
Stalin in spite of the facts that Soviets promised Potsdam Conference July 1945
to help Americans in defeating Japan USSR accused of violating agreements made at Yalta by not
o Last attack of WW2 and first attack of Cold War allowing free elections → sharp exchanges over development
in these countries
1946
February – Long telegram 1946 – March Churchill delivers Iron Curtain speech in Missouri
o Gave intellectual basis for containment Stalin tightened grip on Eastern Europe
