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g g g g g g g g g
Chapter 02: Radiation Physics
g g g
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
g g g g
MULTIPLEg CHOICE
1. Theg fundamentalg unitg ofg matterg isg the
a. proton.
b. neutron.
c. electron.
d. atom.
ANS:g D
Agprotongisgagsubatomicgparticle.gAgneutrongisgagsubatomicgparticle.gAngelectrongisgagsubatomgicpa
rticle.gThegfundamentalgunitgofgmattergisgthegatom.
DIF: Recall REF: Pageg 7 OBJ:g 1
TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
2. Theg nucleusg ofg ang atomg contains
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. protonsg andg neutrons.
d. electrons.
ANS:g C
Thegnucleusgofgangatomgcontainsgneutronsgasgwellgasgprotons.gThegnucleusgofgangatomgcontaigns
protonsgasgwellgasgneutrons.gThegnucleusgofgangatomgcontainsgprotonsgandgneutrons.gThegngucle
usgofgangatomgdoesgnotgcontaingelectrons;gitgcontainsgprotonsgandgneutrons.
DIF: Recall REF: Pageg 7 OBJ:g 2
TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
3. Whichgsubatomicg particleg carriesg ag negativeg electricalg charge?
a. Ag neutron
b. Ag proton
c. Ang electron
d. Ag nucleon
ANS:g C
Agneutrongdoesgnotgcarrygangelectricalgcharge.gAgprotongcarriesgagpositivegelectricalgcharge.gAnele
ctrongcarriesgagnegativegelectricalgcharge.gAgnucleongcarriesgagpositiveg(proton)gorgnog(gneutron)gel
ectricalgcharge.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Pageg 7
OBJ:g 2TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x
-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
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g g g g g g g g g
4. Whichg ofg theg followingg elementsg isg theg simplestg atom?
a. Hydrogeng (Hg #1)
b. Heliumg (Heg #2)
c. Nitrogeng (Ng #7)
d. Oxygeng (Og #8)
ANS:g A
Atomicgnumbersgaregassignedgfromgsimplestgtogmostgcomplex.gHydrogengisgthegsimplestgatogm;wi
thgagsinglegproton,gitghasgangatomicgnumbercofg1.gHeliumghasgangatomicgnumbergofg2.gNitrogenghas
gangatomicgnumbergofg7.gOxygenghasgangatomicgnumbergofg8.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Pageg 7
OBJ:g 2TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x
-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
5. Whichg ofg theg followingg statementsg isg trueg ofg orbitsg org shellsg ing theg atom?
a. Protonsg travelg aroundg theg nucleusg ing well-definedg shells.
b. Ang atomg containsg innumerableg shells.
c. Theg energyg levelg withing eachg shellg isg theg same.
d. Thegorbitingg shellg closestg tog theg nucleusg hasg theg highestg energyclevel.
ANS:g D
Electronsg travelg aroundg theg nucleusg ing well-
definedgshells.gAngatomgcontainsgagmaximumgofgsevengshells.gEachgofgthegmaximumgsevengshellsg
withingangatomgrepresentsgagdifferentgenergylevel.gThegorbitinggshellgclosestgtogthegnugcleusghasgth
eghighestgenergyglevel.gThegKgshellgisgtheorbitinggshellgclosestgtogthegnucleus.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Pageg 7
OBJ:g 2TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x
-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
6. Thegbindingg energyg org bindingg forceg ofg ang electrong is
a. determinedg byg theg distanceg betweeng theg neutronsg andg protonsg withing theg nucleus.
b. determinedg byg theg distanceg betweeng theg orbitingg electronsg andg theg nucleus.
c. weakercforg electronsg locatedg ing innerg shellsg thang ing outerg shells.
d. determinedg byg theg atomicg number.
ANS:g B
Thegbindinggenergygorcbindinggforcegofgangelectrongisgnotgdeterminedgbygthegdistancegbetweeg ng
thegneutronsgandgprotonsgwithingthegnucleus.gThegbindinggenergygorcbindinggforcegofgangelgectro
ngisgdeterminedgbygthegdistancegbetweengthegnucleusgandgthegorbitinggelectronsgandgisgdigfferentg
forceachgshell.gThegbindinggenergygorcbindinggforcegofgangelectrongisgstrongergforcelecgtronsgloc
atedginginnergshellsgthangforgoutergshells.gThegbindinggenergygisgnotgdeterminedgbythg egatomicgn
umber.
DIF: Recall REF: Pageg 7 OBJ: 2 TOP:g CDA,g N/A
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
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, DOWNLOADTHETestBankforDentalRadiography6thEditionIannucci
g g g g g g g g g
7. Whichg ofg theg followingg statementsg isg trueg ofg ionization?
a. Ang atomg thatg gainsg ang electrong willg haveg ag negativeg charge.
b. Ang atomg thatg losesg ang electrong willg haveg ag negativeg charge.
c. Ang atomg thatg losesg ang electrong willg haveg ag positiveg charge.
d. Angatomgthatggainsgangelectronghasgagnegativegcharge,gandgangatomgthatglosesgan
electronghasgagpositivegcharge.
ANS:g D
Thisganswergisgnotgthegbestganswer.gAngatomgthatggainsgangelectronghasgagnegativegcharge;ghgow
ever,gangatomgthatglosesgangelectronghasgagpositivegcharge.gAngatomgthatglosesgangelectrongwillgh
avegagpositivegcharge.gAngatomgthatglosesgangelectronghasgagpositivegcharge;ghowever,ganatomgt
hatggainsgangelectronghasgagnegativegcharge.gAngatomgthatggainsgangelectrongwillghag vegagnegativ
egcharge,gandgangatomgthatglosesgangelectrongwillghavegagpositivegcharge.gAngatog mgthatggainsgor
closesgangelectrongandgbecomesgelectricallygunbalancedgisgknowngasgangion.
DIF: Comprehension REF:
Pageg9gOBJ:g3
TOP:g CDA,gN/A
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
8. Ang iong paircresultsg when
a. ag protong isg removedg fromg ang atom.
b. ang electrong isg removedg fromg ang atom.
c. ag neutrong isg removedg fromg ang atom.
d. twog atomsg shareg ag pairg ofg electrons.
ANS:g B
Angiongpairgresultsgwhengangelectrongisgremovedgfromgangatomgrathergthangagproton.gWhengane
lectrongisgremovedgfromgangatomgingthegionizationgprocess,gangiongpairgresults.gThegatog mgbec
omesgthegpositivegion,gandgthegejectedgelectrongbecomesgthegnegativeg ion.gAngiongpaig rgresult
sgwhengangelectrongisgremovedgfromgangatomgrathercthangagneutron.gAgmoleculegoccgursgwheng
twogatomsgsharegagpairgofgelectrons.
DIF: Recall REF: Pageg 9 OBJ:g 3
TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
9. (1)gRadiationgisgthegemissiongandgpropagationgofgenergygthroughgspacegorgagsubstancegingthegfor
mgofgwavesgorgparticles.g(2)gRadioactivitygcangbegdefinedgasgthegprocessgbygwhichgcertaingunsta
blegatomsgorcelementsgundergogspontaneousgdisintegration,gorgdecay,gingangeffortgtogattaginagmo
regbalancedgnuclearcstate.
a. Bothg statementsg areg true.
b. Bothg statementsg areg false.
c. Theg firstg statementg isg true;g theg secondg statementg isg false.
d. Thegfirstg statementg isg false;g theg secondg statementg isg true.
ANS:g A
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g g g g g g g g g
Chapter 02: Radiation Physics
g g g
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
g g g g
MULTIPLEg CHOICE
1. Theg fundamentalg unitg ofg matterg isg the
a. proton.
b. neutron.
c. electron.
d. atom.
ANS:g D
Agprotongisgagsubatomicgparticle.gAgneutrongisgagsubatomicgparticle.gAngelectrongisgagsubatomgicpa
rticle.gThegfundamentalgunitgofgmattergisgthegatom.
DIF: Recall REF: Pageg 7 OBJ:g 1
TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
2. Theg nucleusg ofg ang atomg contains
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. protonsg andg neutrons.
d. electrons.
ANS:g C
Thegnucleusgofgangatomgcontainsgneutronsgasgwellgasgprotons.gThegnucleusgofgangatomgcontaigns
protonsgasgwellgasgneutrons.gThegnucleusgofgangatomgcontainsgprotonsgandgneutrons.gThegngucle
usgofgangatomgdoesgnotgcontaingelectrons;gitgcontainsgprotonsgandgneutrons.
DIF: Recall REF: Pageg 7 OBJ:g 2
TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
3. Whichgsubatomicg particleg carriesg ag negativeg electricalg charge?
a. Ag neutron
b. Ag proton
c. Ang electron
d. Ag nucleon
ANS:g C
Agneutrongdoesgnotgcarrygangelectricalgcharge.gAgprotongcarriesgagpositivegelectricalgcharge.gAnele
ctrongcarriesgagnegativegelectricalgcharge.gAgnucleongcarriesgagpositiveg(proton)gorgnog(gneutron)gel
ectricalgcharge.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Pageg 7
OBJ:g 2TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x
-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOADTHETestBankforDentalRadiography6thEditionIannucci
g g g g g g g g g
4. Whichg ofg theg followingg elementsg isg theg simplestg atom?
a. Hydrogeng (Hg #1)
b. Heliumg (Heg #2)
c. Nitrogeng (Ng #7)
d. Oxygeng (Og #8)
ANS:g A
Atomicgnumbersgaregassignedgfromgsimplestgtogmostgcomplex.gHydrogengisgthegsimplestgatogm;wi
thgagsinglegproton,gitghasgangatomicgnumbercofg1.gHeliumghasgangatomicgnumbergofg2.gNitrogenghas
gangatomicgnumbergofg7.gOxygenghasgangatomicgnumbergofg8.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Pageg 7
OBJ:g 2TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x
-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
5. Whichg ofg theg followingg statementsg isg trueg ofg orbitsg org shellsg ing theg atom?
a. Protonsg travelg aroundg theg nucleusg ing well-definedg shells.
b. Ang atomg containsg innumerableg shells.
c. Theg energyg levelg withing eachg shellg isg theg same.
d. Thegorbitingg shellg closestg tog theg nucleusg hasg theg highestg energyclevel.
ANS:g D
Electronsg travelg aroundg theg nucleusg ing well-
definedgshells.gAngatomgcontainsgagmaximumgofgsevengshells.gEachgofgthegmaximumgsevengshellsg
withingangatomgrepresentsgagdifferentgenergylevel.gThegorbitinggshellgclosestgtogthegnugcleusghasgth
eghighestgenergyglevel.gThegKgshellgisgtheorbitinggshellgclosestgtogthegnucleus.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Pageg 7
OBJ:g 2TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x
-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
6. Thegbindingg energyg org bindingg forceg ofg ang electrong is
a. determinedg byg theg distanceg betweeng theg neutronsg andg protonsg withing theg nucleus.
b. determinedg byg theg distanceg betweeng theg orbitingg electronsg andg theg nucleus.
c. weakercforg electronsg locatedg ing innerg shellsg thang ing outerg shells.
d. determinedg byg theg atomicg number.
ANS:g B
Thegbindinggenergygorcbindinggforcegofgangelectrongisgnotgdeterminedgbygthegdistancegbetweeg ng
thegneutronsgandgprotonsgwithingthegnucleus.gThegbindinggenergygorcbindinggforcegofgangelgectro
ngisgdeterminedgbygthegdistancegbetweengthegnucleusgandgthegorbitinggelectronsgandgisgdigfferentg
forceachgshell.gThegbindinggenergygorcbindinggforcegofgangelectrongisgstrongergforcelecgtronsgloc
atedginginnergshellsgthangforgoutergshells.gThegbindinggenergygisgnotgdeterminedgbythg egatomicgn
umber.
DIF: Recall REF: Pageg 7 OBJ: 2 TOP:g CDA,g N/A
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOADTHETestBankforDentalRadiography6thEditionIannucci
g g g g g g g g g
7. Whichg ofg theg followingg statementsg isg trueg ofg ionization?
a. Ang atomg thatg gainsg ang electrong willg haveg ag negativeg charge.
b. Ang atomg thatg losesg ang electrong willg haveg ag negativeg charge.
c. Ang atomg thatg losesg ang electrong willg haveg ag positiveg charge.
d. Angatomgthatggainsgangelectronghasgagnegativegcharge,gandgangatomgthatglosesgan
electronghasgagpositivegcharge.
ANS:g D
Thisganswergisgnotgthegbestganswer.gAngatomgthatggainsgangelectronghasgagnegativegcharge;ghgow
ever,gangatomgthatglosesgangelectronghasgagpositivegcharge.gAngatomgthatglosesgangelectrongwillgh
avegagpositivegcharge.gAngatomgthatglosesgangelectronghasgagpositivegcharge;ghowever,ganatomgt
hatggainsgangelectronghasgagnegativegcharge.gAngatomgthatggainsgangelectrongwillghag vegagnegativ
egcharge,gandgangatomgthatglosesgangelectrongwillghavegagpositivegcharge.gAngatog mgthatggainsgor
closesgangelectrongandgbecomesgelectricallygunbalancedgisgknowngasgangion.
DIF: Comprehension REF:
Pageg9gOBJ:g3
TOP:g CDA,gN/A
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
8. Ang iong paircresultsg when
a. ag protong isg removedg fromg ang atom.
b. ang electrong isg removedg fromg ang atom.
c. ag neutrong isg removedg fromg ang atom.
d. twog atomsg shareg ag pairg ofg electrons.
ANS:g B
Angiongpairgresultsgwhengangelectrongisgremovedgfromgangatomgrathergthangagproton.gWhengane
lectrongisgremovedgfromgangatomgingthegionizationgprocess,gangiongpairgresults.gThegatog mgbec
omesgthegpositivegion,gandgthegejectedgelectrongbecomesgthegnegativeg ion.gAngiongpaig rgresult
sgwhengangelectrongisgremovedgfromgangatomgrathercthangagneutron.gAgmoleculegoccgursgwheng
twogatomsgsharegagpairgofgelectrons.
DIF: Recall REF: Pageg 9 OBJ:g 3
TOP:g CDA,g RHS,g III.B.2.g Describeg theg characteristicsg ofg x-radiation
MSC:g NBDHE,g2.0gObtaininggandgInterpretinggRadiographsg|gNBDHE,g2.1gPrinciplesgofgRadiophysicgsa
ndgRadiobiology
9. (1)gRadiationgisgthegemissiongandgpropagationgofgenergygthroughgspacegorgagsubstancegingthegfor
mgofgwavesgorgparticles.g(2)gRadioactivitygcangbegdefinedgasgthegprocessgbygwhichgcertaingunsta
blegatomsgorcelementsgundergogspontaneousgdisintegration,gorgdecay,gingangeffortgtogattaginagmo
regbalancedgnuclearcstate.
a. Bothg statementsg areg true.
b. Bothg statementsg areg false.
c. Theg firstg statementg isg true;g theg secondg statementg isg false.
d. Thegfirstg statementg isg false;g theg secondg statementg isg true.
ANS:g A
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