PDHPE PRELIM OVERVIEW:
Syllabus dot points in these notes:
● Skeletal System
● Muscular System
● Bones and Movement
● Muscles and Movement
● Analysing Movements
● Respiratory System
● Circulatory System
● Health and Skill Related Components of Fitness
● Aerobic and Anaerobic Training
● Physiological Responses to Training
● Biomechanics
● First Aid
● Meanings of Health
● Health Behaviours of Young People
● Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Determinants
● Ottawa Charter
DISCLAIMER:
THESE NOTES WERE CREATED BY ME. HOWEVER, NOTES WERE CREATED BASED OFF
INFORMATION GIVEN IN CLASS AND TEXTBOOKS, WHICH I HAVE COMPILED INTO MY OWN
DOCUMENT. PLEASE NOTE THAT DIAGRAMS WERE EITHER RETRIEVED FROM GOOGLE OR
FROM OTHER NOTES I WAS PROVIDED. ALL DIAGRAMS WERE FROM OTHER CREATORS
AND I DO NOT TAKE CREDIT FOR MAKING THEM.
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
The Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeleton
● Support → supports organs and tissues in our body
● Protection → provides protection for internal organs
● Movement → bones provide a base of attachment for the muscles
● Mineral Storage → bones store minerals required for the body to function (e.g.
calcium)
● Blood Cell Production → red and white blood cells are produced in bone marrow
● Storage of Energy → parts of our body stores energy
ACRONYM!!!
Smart
People
Might
Misbehave
Badly
Sometimes
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral Storage
Blood Cell Production
Storage of Energy
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
Joints
A joint is the point where two or more bones meet.
Types of Joints
● Fibrous → immovable (cranium)
● Cartilaginous → slightly moveable (vertebral column)
● Synovial → freely moveable (knee joint)
Joint Structures
LIGAMENTS TENDONS
Fibrous bands that connect bone to bone. Tough inelastic cords that attach muscles to
Ligaments maintain stability in the joint. bones. These further strengthen the joint
and allow the joint to move.
CARTILAGE SYNOVIAL FLUID
Rubbery substance that allows bones to Lubricant that keeps the joints moist and
glide across each other freely. There is nourishes the cartilage to enable easy
more cartilage in leg joints as they are movement.
weight bearing.
Joint Actions
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
The Muscular System
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
Muscle Relationships
AGONIST ANTAGONIST STABILISERS
Contracting or shortening of Stretching or lengthening of Postural muscles that remain
the muscle the muscle neutral
(gives the muscle a fixed base)
Muscle Pairs
WAYS TO REMEMBER!!!!!
Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior = (Gas and Tire)
Pectoralis Major and Trapezius = (Pigs and Truffle)
Deltoids and Latissimus Dorsi = (Deer and Lamb)
Rectus Abdominis and Erector Spinae = (Ring and Engagement)
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
Muscle Contractions
ISOMETRIC ISOTONIC
The muscle fibres are activated but The muscle maintains maintains the same
movement does not occur tension as they contract and relax
(movement is produced)
CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC
A contracting muscle A relaxing muscle
(agonist). During this (antagonist). The
movement the muscle muscle lengthens or
shortens causing extends under tension.
movement at the joint.
Isometric Contraction Examples: Isotonic - Concentric and Eccentric Contraction
Examples:
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
Respiratory System
Every cell in the body needs a continual supply of oxygen. The respiratory system is
responsible for the constant exchange of gases O2 and CO2.
1. Air containing O2 is
inhaled through the nose or
mouth where it is warmed,
moistened and filtered.
2. O2 goes through the
pharynx and the trachea.
3. O2 goes through the
bronchus (bronchi = both.
4. O2 reaches the
bronchioles where there are
alveoli. This is where the
exchange of gases (O2 and
CO2) or diffusion takes
place.
INSPIRATION EXPIRATION
Air goes in causing: Air goes out causing:
- Lungs expand - Lungs compress
- Diaphragm contracts - Diaphragm relaxes
- Ribs move up and out - Ribs move down and in
Syllabus dot points in these notes:
● Skeletal System
● Muscular System
● Bones and Movement
● Muscles and Movement
● Analysing Movements
● Respiratory System
● Circulatory System
● Health and Skill Related Components of Fitness
● Aerobic and Anaerobic Training
● Physiological Responses to Training
● Biomechanics
● First Aid
● Meanings of Health
● Health Behaviours of Young People
● Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Determinants
● Ottawa Charter
DISCLAIMER:
THESE NOTES WERE CREATED BY ME. HOWEVER, NOTES WERE CREATED BASED OFF
INFORMATION GIVEN IN CLASS AND TEXTBOOKS, WHICH I HAVE COMPILED INTO MY OWN
DOCUMENT. PLEASE NOTE THAT DIAGRAMS WERE EITHER RETRIEVED FROM GOOGLE OR
FROM OTHER NOTES I WAS PROVIDED. ALL DIAGRAMS WERE FROM OTHER CREATORS
AND I DO NOT TAKE CREDIT FOR MAKING THEM.
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
The Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeleton
● Support → supports organs and tissues in our body
● Protection → provides protection for internal organs
● Movement → bones provide a base of attachment for the muscles
● Mineral Storage → bones store minerals required for the body to function (e.g.
calcium)
● Blood Cell Production → red and white blood cells are produced in bone marrow
● Storage of Energy → parts of our body stores energy
ACRONYM!!!
Smart
People
Might
Misbehave
Badly
Sometimes
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral Storage
Blood Cell Production
Storage of Energy
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
Joints
A joint is the point where two or more bones meet.
Types of Joints
● Fibrous → immovable (cranium)
● Cartilaginous → slightly moveable (vertebral column)
● Synovial → freely moveable (knee joint)
Joint Structures
LIGAMENTS TENDONS
Fibrous bands that connect bone to bone. Tough inelastic cords that attach muscles to
Ligaments maintain stability in the joint. bones. These further strengthen the joint
and allow the joint to move.
CARTILAGE SYNOVIAL FLUID
Rubbery substance that allows bones to Lubricant that keeps the joints moist and
glide across each other freely. There is nourishes the cartilage to enable easy
more cartilage in leg joints as they are movement.
weight bearing.
Joint Actions
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
The Muscular System
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
Muscle Relationships
AGONIST ANTAGONIST STABILISERS
Contracting or shortening of Stretching or lengthening of Postural muscles that remain
the muscle the muscle neutral
(gives the muscle a fixed base)
Muscle Pairs
WAYS TO REMEMBER!!!!!
Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior = (Gas and Tire)
Pectoralis Major and Trapezius = (Pigs and Truffle)
Deltoids and Latissimus Dorsi = (Deer and Lamb)
Rectus Abdominis and Erector Spinae = (Ring and Engagement)
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
Muscle Contractions
ISOMETRIC ISOTONIC
The muscle fibres are activated but The muscle maintains maintains the same
movement does not occur tension as they contract and relax
(movement is produced)
CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC
A contracting muscle A relaxing muscle
(agonist). During this (antagonist). The
movement the muscle muscle lengthens or
shortens causing extends under tension.
movement at the joint.
Isometric Contraction Examples: Isotonic - Concentric and Eccentric Contraction
Examples:
, THE BODY IN MOTION - CORE 2
Respiratory System
Every cell in the body needs a continual supply of oxygen. The respiratory system is
responsible for the constant exchange of gases O2 and CO2.
1. Air containing O2 is
inhaled through the nose or
mouth where it is warmed,
moistened and filtered.
2. O2 goes through the
pharynx and the trachea.
3. O2 goes through the
bronchus (bronchi = both.
4. O2 reaches the
bronchioles where there are
alveoli. This is where the
exchange of gases (O2 and
CO2) or diffusion takes
place.
INSPIRATION EXPIRATION
Air goes in causing: Air goes out causing:
- Lungs expand - Lungs compress
- Diaphragm contracts - Diaphragm relaxes
- Ribs move up and out - Ribs move down and in
