Test Bank For Medical-
s s s
Surgical Nursing, 8th Edition (Linton, 2023), Chapter 1-
s s s s s s s
63 , 9780323826716 , All Chapters with Answers and Ration
s s s s s s s s s
als
Whensdescribingspatientseducationsapproaches,sthesnurseseducatorswouldsexplainsthats
informalsteachingsissansapproachsthat
a.sfollowssformalizedsplans
b.shassstandardizedscontent
c.softensoccurssone-to-one
d.saddressessgroupsneedss-
ssANSWERssssC.sInformalsteachingsissindividualizedsonesonsonesteachingswhich srepresen
tssthesmajoritysofspatientseducationsdonesbysnursessthatsoccursswhensansinterventionsiss
explainedsorsasquestionsissanswered.sGroupsneedssaresoftensthesfocussofsformalspatients
educationscoursessorsclasses.sInformalsteachingsdoessnotsnecessarilysfollowsasspecificsf
ormalizedsplan.sItsmaysbesplannedswithsspecificscontent,sbutsitsissindividualizedsrespons
esstospatientsneeds.sFormalsteachingsinvolvessthesusesofsascurriculum/coursesplanswiths
standardizedscontent.
Aspatientsexpressessasstrongsinterestsinsreturningstostheirswork,sfamily,sandshobbiessafte
rshavingsasstroke.sWhichstheorystypeswouldsthesnursesusestosdevelopsasplansofscaresforst
hesbestsresultssofsthisspatient'ssmotivationsstyle?
a.sfield
b.sbiological
c.scognitive
d.ssociologics-
ssANSWERssssC.sCognitivestheoristssbelievesthatsattention,srelevance,sconfidence,sandss
atisfactions(ARCS)saresthesconditionssthat,swhensintegrated,smotivatessomeonestoslearn
.sFieldstheoristssplacessignificancesonshowsachievement,spower,sthesneedsforsaffiliation,s
andsavoidancesmotivessinfluencesindividualsbehavior.sSociologicstheoriessaresnotsinvolv
edsinsmotivation.
Thesnursesissassessingsasgroupsofsclients.sWhichsclientssaresatsgreatersrisksforshypother
miasorsfrostbite?s(selectsallsthatsapply)
a.sansolderswomanswithshypertension
b.sasyoungsmanswithsasbodysmasssindexsofs42
c.sasyoungsmanyswhoshassjustsconsumedssixsmartinis
d.sansoldersmanswhossmokessaspacksofscigarettessasday
e.sasyoungswomanswhosissanorexic
,f.sasyoungswomanswhosissdiabetics-ssANSWERssssC,sD,sE,sF
clientsswithspoorsnutrition,sfatigue,sandsmultipleschronicsillnessessaresatsgreatersrisksforsh
ypothermia.sClientsswhossmoke,sconsumesalcohol,sorshavesimpairedsperipheralscirculat
ionshavesashighersincidencesofsfrostbite.
Whichsstatementsmadesbysasnursesrepresentssthesneedsforsfurtherseducationsregardings
painsmanagementsinsoldersadultsclients?
a.soldersadultsstendstosreportspainslesssoftensthansyoungersadults
b.soldersclientssusuallyshavesmoresexperienceswithspainsthansyoungersclients
c.soldersadultssaresatsgreatestsrisksforsunderstreatedspain
d.soldersclientsshavesasdifferentspainsmechanismsandsdosnotsfeelsitsassmuchs-
ssANSWERssssD
Theresissnosevidencestossupportsthesideasthatsoldersadultsclientssperceivespainsanysdiffer
entlysthansyoungersclients.sThesothersstatementssaresaccuratesregardingsoldersclientssa
ndspain.
Thesnursesissworkingsatsasfirstsaidsboothsforsasspringstrainingsgamesonsashotsday.sAsspect
atorscomessin,sreportingsthatshesissnotsfeelingswell.sVitalssignssarestemps104.1sF,spulses1
32sBPM,srespirss26sbreaths/min,sandsbloodspressures106/66smmsHg.sHestripssovershissf
eetsassthesnursesleadsshimstosascot.sWhatsissthespriorysactionsofsthesnurse?
a.sadminstylenols650smgsorally
b.sencouragesrest,sandsreassesssins15sminutes
c.sspongesthesvictimswithscoolswatersandsremoveshissshirt
d.sencouragesdrinkingsofscoolswatersorssportssdrinks-ssANSWERssssC
Thesspectatorsshowsssignssofsheatsstroke,swhichsissasmedicalsemergency.sThesspectato
rsshouldsbestransportedstosthesEDsASAP.sThesnurssshouldstakesactionsstoslowershissbod
ystempsinstehsmeantimesbysremovingshissshirtsandsspongingshissbodyswithscoolswater.sLo
weringsbodystempsbysdrinkingscoolsfluidssorstakingsacetaminophensissnotsasseffectivesins
ansemergencyssituation.sThesclientsneedsstosbescooledsquicklysandsissasprioritysforstreat
ment
ThesclientsissreceivingsansIVsofs60smEqsofspotassiumschloridesinas1000smLssolutionsofsd
extroses5%sins0.45%ssaline.sThesclientsstatessthatsthesareasaroundsthesIVssitesburns.sW
hatsinterventionsdoessthesnursesperformsfirst?
a.sassesssforsasbloodsreturn
b.snotifysthesphysician
c.sdocumentsthesfinding
d.sstopsthesIVsinfusions-ssANSWERssssD
Potassiumsissasseverestissuesirritant.sThessafestsactionsisstosdiscontinuesthessolutionstha
tscontainssthespotassiumsandsdiscontinuesthesIVsaltogether,sinswhichscasesthesclientswo
uldsneedsanotherssitesstarted.sAssessingsforsasbloodsreturnsmaysorsmaysnotsbessuccessf
ul.sThessolutionscouldsbesdiluteds(lessspotassium)sandsthesratescouldsbesslowedsoncesitsi
ssdeterminedsthatsthesneedlesissinsthesvein.
,Asnursesisscaringsforsansoldersadultsclientswhoslivessalone.sWhichseconomicssituationspre
sentssthesmostsserioussproblemsforsthissclient?
a.scostssofscreatingsaslivingswill
b.sstocksmarketsfluctuations
c.sincreasedsprovidersbenefits
d.ssocialssecuritysassthesbasissofsincomes-ssANSWERssssD
Oldersadultssonsfixedsincomessaresunablestosadjuststheirsincomestosmeetsrisingscostssas
sociatedswithsmeetingsbasicsneeds
Controllingspainsissimportantstospromotingswellness.sUnrelievedspainshassbeensassociat
edswiths
a.sprolongedsstresssresponsesandsascascadesofsharmfulseffectsssystemswide.
b.sdecreasedstumorsgrowthsandslongevity
c.slargestidalsvolumessandsdecreasedslungscapacity
d.sdecreasedscarbohydrate,sprotein,sandsfatsdestructions-ssANSWERssssA
Painstriggerssasnumbersofsphysiologicsstresssresponsessinstheshumansbody.sUnrelieveds
painscansprolongsthesstresssresponsesandsproducesascascadesofsharmfulseffectssinsallsb
odyssystems.sThesstresssresponsescausessthesendocrinessystemstosreleasesexcessives
amountssofshormones,ssuchsasscortisol,scatecholamines,sandsglucagon.sInsulinsandstes
tosteroneslevelssdecrease.sIncreasedsendocrinesactivitysinsturnsinitiatessasnumbersofsme
tabolicsprocesses,sinsparticular,sacceleratedscarbohydrate,sprotein,sandsfatsdestruction,s
whcihscansresultsinsweightsloss,stachycardia,sincreasedsrespiratorysrate,sshock,sandseve
nsdeath.sThesimmunessystemsissalsosaffectedsbyspainsassdemonstratedsbysresearchssho
wingsaslinksbetweensunrelievedspainsandsashighersincidencesofsnosocomialsinfectionssan
dsincreasedstumorsgrowth.sLargestidalsvolumessaresnotsassociatedswithspainswhilesdecr
easedslungscapacitysissassociatedswithsunrelievedspain.sDecreasedstumorsgrowthsandsl
ongevitysaresnotsassociatedswithsunrelievedspain.sDecreasedscarbs,sprotein,sandsfatsare
snotsassociatedswithspainsorsstresssresponse.
Whichsinterventionsinsasclientswithsdehydrationsinducedsconfusionsissmostslikelystosreliev
esthesconfusion?
a.sincreasingsthesIVsflowsratestos250smL/hr
b.sapplyingsoxygensbysmasksorsnasalscannula
c.splacingsthesclientsinsashighsFowler'ssposition
d.sMeasuringsintakesandsoutputseverysfourshourss-ssANSWERssssA
Dehydrationsmostsfrequentlysleadsstospoorscerebrasperfusionsandscerebralshypoxia,scau
singsconfusion.sApplyingsoxygenscansreducesconfusion,sevensifsperfusionsissstillslessstha
nsoptimum.sIncreasingsthesIVsflowsrateswouldsincreasesperfusion.sHowever,sdependings
onsthesdegreesofsdehydration,srehydratingsthespersonstoosrapidlyswithsIVsfluidsscansleads
toscerebralsedema.
Whichsclientsissatsgreatestsrisksforsdehydration?
a.syoungersadultsclientsonsbedrest
b.soldersadultsclientsreceivingshypotonicsIVsfluid
, c.soldersadultsclientswithscognitivesimpairment
d.syoungersadultsclientsreceivingshypertonicsIVsfluids-ssANSWERssssC
Oldersadults,sbecausestheyshaveslessstotalsbodyswatersthansyoungersadults,saresatsgreat
ersrisksforsdevelopmentsofsdehydration.sAnyoneswhosisscognitivelysimpairedsandscannots
obtainsfluidssindependentlysorscannotsmakeshissorshersneedsforsfluidssknownsissatshighsri
sksforsdehydration
Asnursesisscaringsforsseveralsclients.sWhichsclientsdoessthesnursesassesssmostscarefullys
forshyperkalemia?
a.sclientswithstypes2sdiabetesstakingsansoralsanti-diabeticsagent
b.sclientswithsheartsfailuresusingsassaltssubstitute
c.sclientstakingsasthiazidesdiureticsforshypertension
d.sclientstakingsnon-steroidalsanti-inflammatorysdrugssdailys-ssANSWERssssB
Manyssaltssubstitutessarescomposedsofspotassiumschloride.sHeavysusescnascontributest
osthesdevelopmentsofshyperkalemia.sThesclientsshouldsbestaughtstosreadslabelssandstosc
hoosesassaltssubstitutesthatsdoessnotscontainspotassium.sNSAIDsspromotesthesretention
sofssodiumsbutsnotspotassium.
Ansoldersadultsclientspresentsswithssignssandssymptomssrelatedstosdigstoxicity.sWhichsag
esrelatedschangesmayshavescontributedstosthissproblem?
a.sdecreasedsrenalsbloodsflow
b.sincreasedsgastrointestinalsmotility
c.sdecreasedsratiosofsadiposestissuestosleansbodysmass
d.sincreasedstotalsbodyswaters-ssANSWERssssA
Decreasedsrenalsbloodsflowsandsreducedsglomerularsfiltrationscansresultsinsslowersmedi
cationsexcretionstime,spotentiallysleadingstostoxicsdrugsaccumulation.sAgingsresultssinsde
creasedstotalsbodyswatersandsgastrointestinalsmotilitysandsansincreasesinsthesratiosofsadi
posestissuestosleansbodysmass,sbutsissnotsrelatedstosdigstoxicity.
Asclientsissbeingstreatedsforsdehydration.sWhichsstatementsmadesbysthesclientsindicatess
understandingsofsthisscondition?
a.sIswillsusesassaltssubstituteswhensmakingsandseatingsmysmeals.
b.sIsmustsdrinksasquartsofswatersorsothersliquidseachsday.
c.sIswillsnotsdrinksliquidssafters6sPMssosIswon'tshavestosgetsupsatsnight.
d.sIswillsweighsmyselfseachsmorningsbeforesIseatsorsdrink.s-ssANSWERssssD
Becauses1sLsofswatersweighss1skg,schangesinsbodysweightsissasgoodsmeasuresofsexcesss
fluidslosssorsfluidsretention.sWeightslosssgreatersthans0.5slbsdailysissindicativesofsexcessiv
esfluidsloss.sThesothersstatementssaresnotsindicativesofspracticessthatswillspreventsdehydr
ation.
Thesnursesnotessthatstheshandgripsofsthesclientswithshypokalemiashassdiminishedssincest
hesprevioussassessmentsoneshoursago.sWhichsinterventionsbysthesnursesissthespriority?
s s s
Surgical Nursing, 8th Edition (Linton, 2023), Chapter 1-
s s s s s s s
63 , 9780323826716 , All Chapters with Answers and Ration
s s s s s s s s s
als
Whensdescribingspatientseducationsapproaches,sthesnurseseducatorswouldsexplainsthats
informalsteachingsissansapproachsthat
a.sfollowssformalizedsplans
b.shassstandardizedscontent
c.softensoccurssone-to-one
d.saddressessgroupsneedss-
ssANSWERssssC.sInformalsteachingsissindividualizedsonesonsonesteachingswhich srepresen
tssthesmajoritysofspatientseducationsdonesbysnursessthatsoccursswhensansinterventionsiss
explainedsorsasquestionsissanswered.sGroupsneedssaresoftensthesfocussofsformalspatients
educationscoursessorsclasses.sInformalsteachingsdoessnotsnecessarilysfollowsasspecificsf
ormalizedsplan.sItsmaysbesplannedswithsspecificscontent,sbutsitsissindividualizedsrespons
esstospatientsneeds.sFormalsteachingsinvolvessthesusesofsascurriculum/coursesplanswiths
standardizedscontent.
Aspatientsexpressessasstrongsinterestsinsreturningstostheirswork,sfamily,sandshobbiessafte
rshavingsasstroke.sWhichstheorystypeswouldsthesnursesusestosdevelopsasplansofscaresforst
hesbestsresultssofsthisspatient'ssmotivationsstyle?
a.sfield
b.sbiological
c.scognitive
d.ssociologics-
ssANSWERssssC.sCognitivestheoristssbelievesthatsattention,srelevance,sconfidence,sandss
atisfactions(ARCS)saresthesconditionssthat,swhensintegrated,smotivatessomeonestoslearn
.sFieldstheoristssplacessignificancesonshowsachievement,spower,sthesneedsforsaffiliation,s
andsavoidancesmotivessinfluencesindividualsbehavior.sSociologicstheoriessaresnotsinvolv
edsinsmotivation.
Thesnursesissassessingsasgroupsofsclients.sWhichsclientssaresatsgreatersrisksforshypother
miasorsfrostbite?s(selectsallsthatsapply)
a.sansolderswomanswithshypertension
b.sasyoungsmanswithsasbodysmasssindexsofs42
c.sasyoungsmanyswhoshassjustsconsumedssixsmartinis
d.sansoldersmanswhossmokessaspacksofscigarettessasday
e.sasyoungswomanswhosissanorexic
,f.sasyoungswomanswhosissdiabetics-ssANSWERssssC,sD,sE,sF
clientsswithspoorsnutrition,sfatigue,sandsmultipleschronicsillnessessaresatsgreatersrisksforsh
ypothermia.sClientsswhossmoke,sconsumesalcohol,sorshavesimpairedsperipheralscirculat
ionshavesashighersincidencesofsfrostbite.
Whichsstatementsmadesbysasnursesrepresentssthesneedsforsfurtherseducationsregardings
painsmanagementsinsoldersadultsclients?
a.soldersadultsstendstosreportspainslesssoftensthansyoungersadults
b.soldersclientssusuallyshavesmoresexperienceswithspainsthansyoungersclients
c.soldersadultssaresatsgreatestsrisksforsunderstreatedspain
d.soldersclientsshavesasdifferentspainsmechanismsandsdosnotsfeelsitsassmuchs-
ssANSWERssssD
Theresissnosevidencestossupportsthesideasthatsoldersadultsclientssperceivespainsanysdiffer
entlysthansyoungersclients.sThesothersstatementssaresaccuratesregardingsoldersclientssa
ndspain.
Thesnursesissworkingsatsasfirstsaidsboothsforsasspringstrainingsgamesonsashotsday.sAsspect
atorscomessin,sreportingsthatshesissnotsfeelingswell.sVitalssignssarestemps104.1sF,spulses1
32sBPM,srespirss26sbreaths/min,sandsbloodspressures106/66smmsHg.sHestripssovershissf
eetsassthesnursesleadsshimstosascot.sWhatsissthespriorysactionsofsthesnurse?
a.sadminstylenols650smgsorally
b.sencouragesrest,sandsreassesssins15sminutes
c.sspongesthesvictimswithscoolswatersandsremoveshissshirt
d.sencouragesdrinkingsofscoolswatersorssportssdrinks-ssANSWERssssC
Thesspectatorsshowsssignssofsheatsstroke,swhichsissasmedicalsemergency.sThesspectato
rsshouldsbestransportedstosthesEDsASAP.sThesnurssshouldstakesactionsstoslowershissbod
ystempsinstehsmeantimesbysremovingshissshirtsandsspongingshissbodyswithscoolswater.sLo
weringsbodystempsbysdrinkingscoolsfluidssorstakingsacetaminophensissnotsasseffectivesins
ansemergencyssituation.sThesclientsneedsstosbescooledsquicklysandsissasprioritysforstreat
ment
ThesclientsissreceivingsansIVsofs60smEqsofspotassiumschloridesinas1000smLssolutionsofsd
extroses5%sins0.45%ssaline.sThesclientsstatessthatsthesareasaroundsthesIVssitesburns.sW
hatsinterventionsdoessthesnursesperformsfirst?
a.sassesssforsasbloodsreturn
b.snotifysthesphysician
c.sdocumentsthesfinding
d.sstopsthesIVsinfusions-ssANSWERssssD
Potassiumsissasseverestissuesirritant.sThessafestsactionsisstosdiscontinuesthessolutionstha
tscontainssthespotassiumsandsdiscontinuesthesIVsaltogether,sinswhichscasesthesclientswo
uldsneedsanotherssitesstarted.sAssessingsforsasbloodsreturnsmaysorsmaysnotsbessuccessf
ul.sThessolutionscouldsbesdiluteds(lessspotassium)sandsthesratescouldsbesslowedsoncesitsi
ssdeterminedsthatsthesneedlesissinsthesvein.
,Asnursesisscaringsforsansoldersadultsclientswhoslivessalone.sWhichseconomicssituationspre
sentssthesmostsserioussproblemsforsthissclient?
a.scostssofscreatingsaslivingswill
b.sstocksmarketsfluctuations
c.sincreasedsprovidersbenefits
d.ssocialssecuritysassthesbasissofsincomes-ssANSWERssssD
Oldersadultssonsfixedsincomessaresunablestosadjuststheirsincomestosmeetsrisingscostssas
sociatedswithsmeetingsbasicsneeds
Controllingspainsissimportantstospromotingswellness.sUnrelievedspainshassbeensassociat
edswiths
a.sprolongedsstresssresponsesandsascascadesofsharmfulseffectsssystemswide.
b.sdecreasedstumorsgrowthsandslongevity
c.slargestidalsvolumessandsdecreasedslungscapacity
d.sdecreasedscarbohydrate,sprotein,sandsfatsdestructions-ssANSWERssssA
Painstriggerssasnumbersofsphysiologicsstresssresponsessinstheshumansbody.sUnrelieveds
painscansprolongsthesstresssresponsesandsproducesascascadesofsharmfulseffectssinsallsb
odyssystems.sThesstresssresponsescausessthesendocrinessystemstosreleasesexcessives
amountssofshormones,ssuchsasscortisol,scatecholamines,sandsglucagon.sInsulinsandstes
tosteroneslevelssdecrease.sIncreasedsendocrinesactivitysinsturnsinitiatessasnumbersofsme
tabolicsprocesses,sinsparticular,sacceleratedscarbohydrate,sprotein,sandsfatsdestruction,s
whcihscansresultsinsweightsloss,stachycardia,sincreasedsrespiratorysrate,sshock,sandseve
nsdeath.sThesimmunessystemsissalsosaffectedsbyspainsassdemonstratedsbysresearchssho
wingsaslinksbetweensunrelievedspainsandsashighersincidencesofsnosocomialsinfectionssan
dsincreasedstumorsgrowth.sLargestidalsvolumessaresnotsassociatedswithspainswhilesdecr
easedslungscapacitysissassociatedswithsunrelievedspain.sDecreasedstumorsgrowthsandsl
ongevitysaresnotsassociatedswithsunrelievedspain.sDecreasedscarbs,sprotein,sandsfatsare
snotsassociatedswithspainsorsstresssresponse.
Whichsinterventionsinsasclientswithsdehydrationsinducedsconfusionsissmostslikelystosreliev
esthesconfusion?
a.sincreasingsthesIVsflowsratestos250smL/hr
b.sapplyingsoxygensbysmasksorsnasalscannula
c.splacingsthesclientsinsashighsFowler'ssposition
d.sMeasuringsintakesandsoutputseverysfourshourss-ssANSWERssssA
Dehydrationsmostsfrequentlysleadsstospoorscerebrasperfusionsandscerebralshypoxia,scau
singsconfusion.sApplyingsoxygenscansreducesconfusion,sevensifsperfusionsissstillslessstha
nsoptimum.sIncreasingsthesIVsflowsrateswouldsincreasesperfusion.sHowever,sdependings
onsthesdegreesofsdehydration,srehydratingsthespersonstoosrapidlyswithsIVsfluidsscansleads
toscerebralsedema.
Whichsclientsissatsgreatestsrisksforsdehydration?
a.syoungersadultsclientsonsbedrest
b.soldersadultsclientsreceivingshypotonicsIVsfluid
, c.soldersadultsclientswithscognitivesimpairment
d.syoungersadultsclientsreceivingshypertonicsIVsfluids-ssANSWERssssC
Oldersadults,sbecausestheyshaveslessstotalsbodyswatersthansyoungersadults,saresatsgreat
ersrisksforsdevelopmentsofsdehydration.sAnyoneswhosisscognitivelysimpairedsandscannots
obtainsfluidssindependentlysorscannotsmakeshissorshersneedsforsfluidssknownsissatshighsri
sksforsdehydration
Asnursesisscaringsforsseveralsclients.sWhichsclientsdoessthesnursesassesssmostscarefullys
forshyperkalemia?
a.sclientswithstypes2sdiabetesstakingsansoralsanti-diabeticsagent
b.sclientswithsheartsfailuresusingsassaltssubstitute
c.sclientstakingsasthiazidesdiureticsforshypertension
d.sclientstakingsnon-steroidalsanti-inflammatorysdrugssdailys-ssANSWERssssB
Manyssaltssubstitutessarescomposedsofspotassiumschloride.sHeavysusescnascontributest
osthesdevelopmentsofshyperkalemia.sThesclientsshouldsbestaughtstosreadslabelssandstosc
hoosesassaltssubstitutesthatsdoessnotscontainspotassium.sNSAIDsspromotesthesretention
sofssodiumsbutsnotspotassium.
Ansoldersadultsclientspresentsswithssignssandssymptomssrelatedstosdigstoxicity.sWhichsag
esrelatedschangesmayshavescontributedstosthissproblem?
a.sdecreasedsrenalsbloodsflow
b.sincreasedsgastrointestinalsmotility
c.sdecreasedsratiosofsadiposestissuestosleansbodysmass
d.sincreasedstotalsbodyswaters-ssANSWERssssA
Decreasedsrenalsbloodsflowsandsreducedsglomerularsfiltrationscansresultsinsslowersmedi
cationsexcretionstime,spotentiallysleadingstostoxicsdrugsaccumulation.sAgingsresultssinsde
creasedstotalsbodyswatersandsgastrointestinalsmotilitysandsansincreasesinsthesratiosofsadi
posestissuestosleansbodysmass,sbutsissnotsrelatedstosdigstoxicity.
Asclientsissbeingstreatedsforsdehydration.sWhichsstatementsmadesbysthesclientsindicatess
understandingsofsthisscondition?
a.sIswillsusesassaltssubstituteswhensmakingsandseatingsmysmeals.
b.sIsmustsdrinksasquartsofswatersorsothersliquidseachsday.
c.sIswillsnotsdrinksliquidssafters6sPMssosIswon'tshavestosgetsupsatsnight.
d.sIswillsweighsmyselfseachsmorningsbeforesIseatsorsdrink.s-ssANSWERssssD
Becauses1sLsofswatersweighss1skg,schangesinsbodysweightsissasgoodsmeasuresofsexcesss
fluidslosssorsfluidsretention.sWeightslosssgreatersthans0.5slbsdailysissindicativesofsexcessiv
esfluidsloss.sThesothersstatementssaresnotsindicativesofspracticessthatswillspreventsdehydr
ation.
Thesnursesnotessthatstheshandgripsofsthesclientswithshypokalemiashassdiminishedssincest
hesprevioussassessmentsoneshoursago.sWhichsinterventionsbysthesnursesissthespriority?
