Neonatal and Pediatric Respir
k k k
atory Care 5th EditionWalsh
k k k k k
Test Bank A+
k k
, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank
k k k k k k
MULTIPLEkCHOICE
1. Whichkofkthekfollowingkphaseskofkhumanklungkdevelopmentkiskcharacterizedkbykthekf
ormationkofkakcapillaryknetworkkaroundkairwaykpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:kD
Thekcanalicularkphasekfollowskthekpseudoglandularkphase,klastingkfromkapproximatelyk17kweekskto
k26kweekskofkgestation.kThiskphasekisksoknamedkbecausekofkthekappearancekofkvascularkchannels,korkc
apillaries,kwhichkbeginktokgrowkbykformingkakcapillaryknetworkkaroundkthekairkpassages.
Duringkthekpseudoglandularkstage,kwhichkbeginskatkdayk52kandkextendsktokweekk16kofkgestation,kth
ekairwayksystemksubdivideskextensivelykandkthekconductingkairwayksystemkdevelops,kendingkwithkt
hekterminalkbronchioles.kTheksaccularkstagekofkdevelopment,kwhichktakeskplacekfromkweeksk29ktok3
6kofkgestation,kiskcharacterizedkbykthekdevelopmentkofksacskthatklaterkbecomekalveoli.
Duringktheksaccularkphase,kaktremendouskincreasekinkthekpotentialkgas-
kexchangingksurfacekareakoccurs.kThekdistinctionkbetweenktheksaccularkstagekandkthekalveolarksta
gekiskarbitrary.kThekalveolarkstagekstretcheskfromk39kweekskofkgestationktokterm.kThiskstagekiskrep
resentedkbykthekestablishmentkofkalveoli.
REF:kpp.k3-5
2. Regardingkpostnatalklungkgrowth,kbykapproximatelykwhatkagekdokmostkofkthekalveolikthatk
willkbekpresentkinktheklungskforklifekdevelop?
a. 6kmonths
,b. 1kyear
c. 1.5kyears
d. 2kyears
ANS:kC
Mostkofkthekpostnatalkformationkofkalveolikinkthekinfantkoccurskoverkthekfirstk1.5kyearskofklife.kAtk2ky
earskofkage,ktheknumberkofkalveolikvariesksubstantiallykamongkindividuals.kAfterk2kyearskofkage,kmal
eskhavekmorekalveolikthankdokfemales.kAfterkalveolarkmultiplicationkends,kthekalveolikcontinuektokin
creasekinksizekuntilkthoracickgrowthkiskcompleted.
REF:kp.k6
3. Thekrespiratoryktherapistkiskevaluatingkaknewbornkwithkmildkrespiratorykdistresskduektokt
rachealkstenosis.kDuringkwhichkperiodkofklungkdevelopmentkdidkthiskproblemkdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:kA
Thekinitialkstructureskofkthekpulmonaryktreekdevelopkduringkthekembryonalkstage.kErrorskinkdevelop
mentkduringkthisktimekmaykresultkinklaryngeal,ktracheal,korkesophagealkatresiakorkstenosis.kPulmonar
ykhypoplasia,kankincompletekdevelopmentkofktheklungskcharacterizedkbykankabnormallyklowknumber
kand/orksizekofkbronchopulmonaryksegmentskand/orkalveoli,kcankdevelopkduringkthekpseudoglandula
rkphase.kIfkthekfetuskiskbornkduringkthekcanalicularkphasek(i.e.,kprematurely),kseverekrespiratorykdistre
sskcankbekexpectedkbecausekthekinadequatelykdevelopedkairways,kalongkwithkinsufficientkandkimmat
ureksurfactantkproductionkbykalveolarktypekIIkcells,kgiveskrisektokthekconstellationkofkproblemskknow
nkaskinfantkrespiratorykdistressksyndrome.
, REF:k p.k6
4. Whichkofkthekfollowingkmechanismskisk(are)kresponsiblekforkthekpossiblekassociationkb
etweenkoligohydramnioskandklungkhypoplasia?
I. Abnormalkcarbohydratekmetabolism
II. Mechanicalkrestrictionkofkthekchestkwall
III. Interferencekwithkfetalkbreathing
IV. Failurektokproducekfetalklungkliquid
a. IkandkIIIkonly
b. IIkandkIIIkonly
c. I,kII,kandkIVkonly
d. II,kIII,kandkIVkonly
ANS:kD
Oligohydramnios,kakreducedkquantitykofkamniotickfluidkpresentkforkankextendedkperiodkofktime,kwit
hkorkwithoutkrenalkanomalies,kiskassociatedkwithklungkhypoplasia.kThekmechanismskbykwhichkamni
otickfluidkvolumekinfluencesklungkgrowthkremainkunclear.kPossiblekexplanationskforkreducedkquanti
tykofkamniotickfluidkincludekmechanicalkrestrictionkofkthekchestkwall,kinterferencekwithkfetalkbreathi
ng,korkfailurektokproducekfetalklungkliquid.kThesekclinicalkandkexperimentalkobservationskpossiblykp
ointktokakcommonkdenominator,klungkstretch,kaskbeingkakmajorkgrowthkstimulant.
REF:kpp.k6-7
5. WhatkiskthekpurposekofktheksubstanceksecretedkbykthektypekIIkpneumocyte?
k k k
atory Care 5th EditionWalsh
k k k k k
Test Bank A+
k k
, Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Test Bank
k k k k k k
MULTIPLEkCHOICE
1. Whichkofkthekfollowingkphaseskofkhumanklungkdevelopmentkiskcharacterizedkbykthekf
ormationkofkakcapillaryknetworkkaroundkairwaykpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS:kD
Thekcanalicularkphasekfollowskthekpseudoglandularkphase,klastingkfromkapproximatelyk17kweekskto
k26kweekskofkgestation.kThiskphasekisksoknamedkbecausekofkthekappearancekofkvascularkchannels,korkc
apillaries,kwhichkbeginktokgrowkbykformingkakcapillaryknetworkkaroundkthekairkpassages.
Duringkthekpseudoglandularkstage,kwhichkbeginskatkdayk52kandkextendsktokweekk16kofkgestation,kth
ekairwayksystemksubdivideskextensivelykandkthekconductingkairwayksystemkdevelops,kendingkwithkt
hekterminalkbronchioles.kTheksaccularkstagekofkdevelopment,kwhichktakeskplacekfromkweeksk29ktok3
6kofkgestation,kiskcharacterizedkbykthekdevelopmentkofksacskthatklaterkbecomekalveoli.
Duringktheksaccularkphase,kaktremendouskincreasekinkthekpotentialkgas-
kexchangingksurfacekareakoccurs.kThekdistinctionkbetweenktheksaccularkstagekandkthekalveolarksta
gekiskarbitrary.kThekalveolarkstagekstretcheskfromk39kweekskofkgestationktokterm.kThiskstagekiskrep
resentedkbykthekestablishmentkofkalveoli.
REF:kpp.k3-5
2. Regardingkpostnatalklungkgrowth,kbykapproximatelykwhatkagekdokmostkofkthekalveolikthatk
willkbekpresentkinktheklungskforklifekdevelop?
a. 6kmonths
,b. 1kyear
c. 1.5kyears
d. 2kyears
ANS:kC
Mostkofkthekpostnatalkformationkofkalveolikinkthekinfantkoccurskoverkthekfirstk1.5kyearskofklife.kAtk2ky
earskofkage,ktheknumberkofkalveolikvariesksubstantiallykamongkindividuals.kAfterk2kyearskofkage,kmal
eskhavekmorekalveolikthankdokfemales.kAfterkalveolarkmultiplicationkends,kthekalveolikcontinuektokin
creasekinksizekuntilkthoracickgrowthkiskcompleted.
REF:kp.k6
3. Thekrespiratoryktherapistkiskevaluatingkaknewbornkwithkmildkrespiratorykdistresskduektokt
rachealkstenosis.kDuringkwhichkperiodkofklungkdevelopmentkdidkthiskproblemkdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS:kA
Thekinitialkstructureskofkthekpulmonaryktreekdevelopkduringkthekembryonalkstage.kErrorskinkdevelop
mentkduringkthisktimekmaykresultkinklaryngeal,ktracheal,korkesophagealkatresiakorkstenosis.kPulmonar
ykhypoplasia,kankincompletekdevelopmentkofktheklungskcharacterizedkbykankabnormallyklowknumber
kand/orksizekofkbronchopulmonaryksegmentskand/orkalveoli,kcankdevelopkduringkthekpseudoglandula
rkphase.kIfkthekfetuskiskbornkduringkthekcanalicularkphasek(i.e.,kprematurely),kseverekrespiratorykdistre
sskcankbekexpectedkbecausekthekinadequatelykdevelopedkairways,kalongkwithkinsufficientkandkimmat
ureksurfactantkproductionkbykalveolarktypekIIkcells,kgiveskrisektokthekconstellationkofkproblemskknow
nkaskinfantkrespiratorykdistressksyndrome.
, REF:k p.k6
4. Whichkofkthekfollowingkmechanismskisk(are)kresponsiblekforkthekpossiblekassociationkb
etweenkoligohydramnioskandklungkhypoplasia?
I. Abnormalkcarbohydratekmetabolism
II. Mechanicalkrestrictionkofkthekchestkwall
III. Interferencekwithkfetalkbreathing
IV. Failurektokproducekfetalklungkliquid
a. IkandkIIIkonly
b. IIkandkIIIkonly
c. I,kII,kandkIVkonly
d. II,kIII,kandkIVkonly
ANS:kD
Oligohydramnios,kakreducedkquantitykofkamniotickfluidkpresentkforkankextendedkperiodkofktime,kwit
hkorkwithoutkrenalkanomalies,kiskassociatedkwithklungkhypoplasia.kThekmechanismskbykwhichkamni
otickfluidkvolumekinfluencesklungkgrowthkremainkunclear.kPossiblekexplanationskforkreducedkquanti
tykofkamniotickfluidkincludekmechanicalkrestrictionkofkthekchestkwall,kinterferencekwithkfetalkbreathi
ng,korkfailurektokproducekfetalklungkliquid.kThesekclinicalkandkexperimentalkobservationskpossiblykp
ointktokakcommonkdenominator,klungkstretch,kaskbeingkakmajorkgrowthkstimulant.
REF:kpp.k6-7
5. WhatkiskthekpurposekofktheksubstanceksecretedkbykthektypekIIkpneumocyte?
