Test Bank for Pharmacology for Nurses, A Pathophysiological Approach, 4th Canadian Edition By Michael Adams, Leland Norman Holland, Carol Quam Urban, Mohamed El-Hussein, Joseph Osuji

Test Bank For Pharmacology for Nurses, Canadian Edition, 3rd Ed
f f f f f f f f f


ition by Michael Adams (), 9780135493199 / Chapter 1-
f f f f f f f f


64 / All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
f f f f f f f




Whatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefα1freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fIncreasefvascularfsmoothfmusclefcontraction,fincreasefpupillaryfdilatorfmusclefcontractionf(

mydriasis),fincreasefintestinalfandfbladderfsphincterfmusclefcontraction

Whatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefα2freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fDecreasefsympatheticfoutflow,fdecreasefinsulinfrelease,fdecreaseflipolysis,fincreasefplateletfa

ggregation,fdecreasefaqueousfhumorfproduction

Whatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefβ1freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fIncreasefheartfrate,fincreasefcontractility,fincreasefreninfrelease,fincreaseflipolysis



Whatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefβ2freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fVasodilation,fbronchodilation,fincreaseflipolysis,fincreasefinsulinfrelease,fdecreasefuterinefto

nef(tocolysis),fciliaryfmusclefrelaxation,fincreasefaqueousfhumorfproduction

WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefM1freceptor?f-fANSWER:fCNS,fentericfnervousfsystem

WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefM2freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fDecreasefheartfratefandfcontractilityfoffatria



WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefM3freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fIncreasefexocrinefglandfsecretionsf(e.g.,flacrimal,fsalivary,fgastricfacid),fincreasefgutfperistalsi

s,fincreasefbladderfcontraction,fincreasefbronchoconstriction,fpupillaryfsphincterfmusclefcontractionf(m
iosis),fciliaryfmusclefcontractionf(accommodation)

WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefD1freceptor?f-fANSWER:fRelaxesfrenalfvascularfsmoothfmuscle

WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefD2freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fModulatesftransmitterfrelease,fespeciallyfinfthefbrain



WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefH1freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fIncreasefnasalfandfbronchialfmucusfproduction,fincreasefvascularfpermeability,fcontractionfo

ffbronchioles,fpruritis,fpain

WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefH2freceptor?f-fANSWER:fIncreasefgastricfacidfsecretion

WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefV1freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fIncreasefvascularfsmoothfmusclefcontraction



WhatfarefthefmajorffunctionsfoffthefV2freceptor?f-
fANSWER:fIncreasefH2Ofpermeabilityfandfreabsorptionfinfcollectingftubulesfoffkidneyf(V2fisffoundfinfthef

"2"fkidneys)

WhatfreceptorsfarefassociatefwithfGq?f-fANSWER:fH1,fα1,fV1,fM1,fandfM3

WhatfreceptorsfarefassociatedfwithfGs?f-fANSWER:fH2,fB1,fB2,fV2,fD1

WhatfreceptorsfarefassociatedfwithfGi?f-fANSWER:fM2,fα2,fD2

Bethanecholf-fANSWER:f-Directfcholinergicfagonist

,-Activatesfbowelfandfbladderfsmoothfmusclef
-Usedfinfpostoperativefandfneurogenicfileusf
-ResistantftofAChE

Carbacholf-fANSWER:f-Directfcholinergicfagonist
-Carbonfcopyfoffacetylcholine
-Constrictsfpupilsfandfrelievesfintraocularfpressurefinfglaucoma

Methacholinef-fANSWER:f-Directfcholinergicfagonist
-Stimulatesfmuscarinicfreceptorsfinfairwaysfwhenfinhaledf
-Usedfasfafchallengeftestfforfdiagnosisfoffasthma

Pilocarpinef-fANSWER:f-Directfcholinergicfagonist
-
Contractsfciliaryfmusclefoffeyef(openfanglefglaucoma),fcontractsfpupillaryfsphincterf(closedfanglefglauco
ma)
-Potentfstimulatorfoffsweat,ftearsfandfsaliva
-AChEfresistant

Donepezilf-fANSWER:f-Anticholinestersef-fincreasesfACh
-Alzheimerfdisease

Galantaminef-fANSWER:f-Anticholinestersef-fincreasesfACh
-Alzheimerfdisease

Rivastigminef-fANSWER:f-Anticholinestersef-fincreasesfACh
-Alzheimerfdisease

Edrophoniumf-fANSWER:f-Anticholinestersef-fincreasesfACh
-Historicallyfusedftofdiagnosefmyastheniafgravisf(MGfisfnowfdiagnosedfbyfanti-AChRfAbftest.

Neostigminef-fANSWER:f-Anticholinestersef-fincreasesfACh
-
Usedfinfpostoperativefandfneurogenicfileusfandfurinaryfretention,fmyastheniafgravis,fandfpostoperativef
reversalfoffneuromuscularfjunctionfblockade

Physostigminef-fANSWER:f-Anticholinestersef-fincreasesfACh
-Usedfinfanticholinergicftoxicity
-Crossesfthefblood-brainfbarrierf(CNS)

Pyridostigminef-fANSWER:f-Anticholinestersef-fincreasesfACh
-Increasesfmusclefstrengthf
-Usedfinfmyastheniafgravisf(longfacting)
-DoesfnotfpenetratefCNS

Atropinef-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonistf
-Usedfinfbradycardiafandfforfophthalmicfapplications
-Alsofusedfasfantidotefforfcholinesterasefinhibitorfpoisoning
-
Actionsfincludefincreasefpupilfdilation,fcycloplegia,fdecreasedfairwayfsecretions,fdecreasedfacidfsecreti
ons,fdecreasedfgutfmotility,fdecreasedfbladderfurgencyfinfcystitisf
-
Toxicity:fincreasedfbodyftempf(dueftofdecreasedfsweating),frapidfpulse,fdryfmouth,fdryfandfflushedfskin,
fcycloplegia,fconstipation,fdisorientation;f

-Canfcausefacutefangle-
closurefglaucomafinfelderlyf(dueftofmydriasis),furinaryfretentionfinfmenfwithfprostaticfhyperplasia,fandfh
yperthermiafinfinfants

,-Seefalsofhomatropinefandftropicamide

Benztropinef-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-WorksfinfCNSf
-UsedfinfParkinsonfdiseasefandfacutefdystonia

Glycopyrrolatef-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-Parentalfuse:fpreoperativefuseftofreducefairwayfsecretions
-Oralfuse:fdrooling,fpepticfulcer

Hyoscyaminef-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-AntispasmodicsfforfIBS

Dicyclomidef-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-AntispasmodicsfforfIBS

Ipratropiumf-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-UsedfinfCOPDfandfasthma

Tiotropiumf-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-UsedfinfCOPDfandfasthma

Oxybutyninf-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-Reducedfbladderfspasmsfandfurgefurinaryfincontinence

Solifenacinf-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-Reducedfbladderfspasmsfandfurgefurinaryfincontinence

Tolterodinef-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-Reducedfbladderfspasmsfandfurgefurinaryfincontinence

Scopalaminef-fANSWER:f-Muscarinicfantagonist
-Motionfsickness

Tetrodotoxinf-fANSWER:f-Poisoningfcanfresultffromfingestionfoffpoorlyfpreparedfpufferffishf(exoticfsushi)
-Highlyfpotentftoxinfthatfbindsffastfvoltage-
gatedfNa+fchannelsfinfcardiacfandfnerveftissue,fpreventingfdepolarizationf-
fblocksfactionfpotentialfwithoutfchangingfrestingfpotentialf(samefmechanismfasfLidocaine)

-Causesfnausea,fdiarrhea,fparesthesias,fweakness,fdizziness,flossfoffreflexes.
-Treatmentfisfprimarilyfsupportive.

Ciguatoxinf-fANSWER:f-Consumptionfoffreefffishf(e.g.fbarracuda,fsnapper,feel...)
-Causesfciguateraffishfpoisoning.f
-OpensfNa+fchannelsfcausingfdepolarization.fSymptomsfeasilyfconfusedfwithfcholinergicfpoisoning.f
-Temperature-
relatedfdysesthesiaf(e.g.,f"coldffeelsfhot;fhotffeelsfcold")fisfregardedfasfafspecificffindingfoffciguatera.
-Treatmentfisfprimarilyfsupportive.

Scombroidfpoisoningf-fANSWER:f-Causedfbyfconsumptionfoffdark-
meatffishf(e.g.,fbonito,fmackerel,fmahi-mahi,ftuna)fimproperlyfstoredfatfwarmftemperature.f
-Bacterialfhistidinefdecarboxylasefconvertsfhistidineftofhistamine.fHistaminefisfnotfdegradedfbyfcooking.
-Acute-
onsetfburningfsensationfoffthefmouth,fflushingfoffface,ferythema,furticaria,fpruritus,fheadache.fMayfcau
sefanaphylaxis-likefpresentationf(i.e.,fbronchospasm,fangioedema,fhypotension).
-Frequentlyfmisdiagnosedfasfallergyftoffish.
-
Treatfsupportivelyfwithfantihistamines;fiffneeded,fantianaphylacticsf(e.g.,fbronchodilators,fepinephrine).

, Albuterolf-fANSWER:f-β2f>fβ1fdirectfagonistf
-Acutefasthma

Salmterolf-fANSWER:f-β2f>fβ1fdirectfagonist
-LongftermfasthmaforfCOPDfcontrol

Dobutaminef-fANSWER:f-β1f>fβ2,fαfdirectfagonist
-Uses:fheartffailuref(HF)f(inotropicf>fchronotropic),fcardiacfstressftesting.

Dopaminef-fANSWER:f-D1f=fD2f>fβf>fαfdirectfagonist
-Uses:funstablefbradycardia,fHF,fshock;finotropicfandfchronotropicfαfeffectsfpredominatefatfhighfdoses.

Epinephrinef-fANSWER:f-βf>fαfdirectfagonistf
-Uses:fanaphylaxis,fasthma,fopen-anglefglaucoma;
αfeffectsfpredominatefatfhighfdoses.fSignificantlyfstrongerfeffectfatfβ2-receptorfthanfnorepinephrine.

Isoprterenolf-fANSWER:f-β1f=fβ2fdirectfagonist
-Uses:felectrophysiologicfevaluationfofftachyarrhythmias.fCanfworsenfischemia

Norepinephrinef-fANSWER:f-α1f>fα2f>fβ1fdirectfagonist
-Hypotensionf(butrenalfperfusion).fSignificantlyfweakerfeffectfatfβ2-receptorfthanfepinephrine.

Phenylephrinef-fANSWER:f-α1f>fα2fdirectfagonistf
-Uses:fhypotensionf(vasoconstrictor),focularfproceduresf(mydriatic),frhinitisf(decongestant)

Amphetaminef-fANSWER:f-Indirectfgeneralfsympatheticfagonistf
-reuptakefinhibitor;falsofreleasesfstoredfcatecholaminesf
-Narcolepsy,fobesity,fADHD.

Cocainef-fANSWER:f-Indirectfgeneralfsympatheticfagonist
-Reuptakefinhibitorf
-Causesfvasoconstrictionfandflocalfanesthesia.f
-Neverfgivefβ-blockersfiffcocainefintoxicationfis
suspectedf(canfleadftofunopposedfα1factivationfandfextremefhypertension).

Ephedrinef-fANSWER:f-Indirectfgeneralfsympatheticfagonist
-Releasesfstoredfcatecholaminesf
-Nasalfdecongestion,furinaryfincontinence,fhypotension.

Norepinephrinefvs.fisoproterenolf-fANSWER:f-
Norepinephrinefincreasesfsystolicfandfdiastolicfpressuresfasfafresultfoffα1-
mediatedfvasoconstrictionfcausingfincreasedfinfmeanfarterialfpressurefandfreflexfbradycardia.f-
However,fisoproterenolf(noflongerfcommonlyfused)fhasflittlefαfeffectfbutfcausesfβ2-
mediatedfvasodilation,fresultingfinfdecreasedfmeanfarterialfpressurefandfincreasedfheartfratefthroughfβ
1fandfreflexfactivity.

Clonidinef-fANSWER:f-α2-agonistf
-
Uses:fhypertensivefurgencyf(limitedfsituations);fdoesfnotfdecreasefrenalfbloodfflow;fADHD,fTourettefsyn
drome
-Toxicity:fCNSfdepression,fbradycardia,fhypotension,frespiratoryfdepression,fmiosis

α-methyldopaf-fANSWER:f-α2-agonist
-Usedfforfhypertensionfinfpregnancyf
-Toxicity:fDirectfCoombsf⊕fhemolysis,fSLE-likefsyndrome