Chs1-sConceptssofsHealthsandsDisease
1. Atsansinternationalsnursingsconference,smanysdiscussionssandsbreakoutssessionssfocusedso
nsthesWorldsHealthsOrganizations(WHO)sviewssonshealth.sOfsthesfollowingscommentssmad
esbysnursessduringsasdiscussionssession,swhichsstatementsswouldsbesconsideredsasgoodsrepr
, esentationsofsthesWHOsdefinition?sSelectsallsthatsapply.
A) Interestssinskeepingstheselderlyspopulationsengagedsinssuchsactivitiessassbooksre
viewssandswordsgamessduringssocialstime
B) Increasesinsthesnumbersofschairsaerobicssclassessprovidedsinsthesskilledscaresfa
cilities
C) Interventionssgearedstowardskeepingstheselderlyspopulationsdiagnosedswithsdiabetes
smellitussunderstightsbloodsglucosescontrolsbysprovidingsin-homescookingsclasses
D) Providingstransportationsforsrenalsdialysisspatientsstosandsfromstheirshemodialysissse
ssions
E) ProvidingshandwashingsteachingssessionsstosasgroupsofsyoungschildrensA
ns:s A,sB,sC,sE
Feedback:
ThesWHOsdefinitionsofshealthsissdefinedsass“asstatesofscompletesphysical,smental,sandssoci
alswell-
beingsandsnotsmerelysthesabsencesofsdiseasesandsinfirmity.”sEngagingsinsbooksreviewssfaci
litatessmentalsandssocialswell-being;schairsaerobicsshelpssfacilitatesphysicalswell-
being;sandsassistingswithstightscontrolsofsdiabetesshelpsswithsfacilitatingsphysicalswell-
beingsevensthoughsthespersonshassaschronicsdisease.sHandwashingsissvitalsinsthesprevention
sofsdiseasesandsspreadsofsgerms.
2. Ascommunityshealthsnursesissteachingsasgroupsofsrecentsgraduatessaboutstheslargesvarie
tysofsfactorssthatsinfluencesansindividual'sshealthsorslacksthereof.sThesnursesissreferrings
tosthesHealthysPeoples2020sreportsfromsthesU.S.sDepartmentsofsHealthsandsHumansSer
vicessassasteachingsexample.sOfsthesfollowingsaspectssdiscussed,swhichswouldsbesconsi
deredsasdeterminantsofshealthsthatsissoutsidesthesfocussofsthissreport?
A) ThesclientshassasdiversesbackgroundsbysbeingsofsAsiansandsNativesAmericansdesc
entsandspracticessvarioussalternativestherapiesstosminimizeseffectssofsstress.
B) Thesclientshassasfamilyshistorysofscardiovascularsdiseasesrelatedstoshyperchol
esterolemiasandsremainssnoncompliantswithsthestreatmentsregime.
C) Thesclientshassasgoodscareerswithsexceptionalspreventativeshealthscaresbenefits.
D) Thesclientslivessinsansaffluent,sclean,ssuburbanscommunityswithsaccessstosmanyshe
althscaresfacilities.
Ans:sB
Feedback:
InsHealthysPeoples2020,sthesfocussisstospromotesgoodshealthstosalls(suchsassusingsalternativ
estherapiesstosminimizeseffectssofsstress);sachievingshealthsequitysandspromotingshealthsfors
alls(whichsincludesshavingsgoodshealthscaresbenefits);sandspromotingsgoodshealths(whichsi
ncludesslivingsinsascleanscommunityswithsgoodsaccessstoshealthscare).sAsclient'ssnoncompli
anceswithstreatmentsstoscontrolshighscholesterolslevelsswithinsthespresencesofsasfamilyshisto
rysofsCVsdiseasesdoessnotsmeetsthes“attainingslivessfreesofspreventablesdiseasesandsprematu
resdeath”sdeterminant.
,3. Asphysiciansissprovidingscaresforsasnumbersofspatientssonsasmedicalsunitsofsaslarge,suniversit
yshospital.sThesphysiciansissdiscussingswithsascolleaguesthesdifferentiationsbetweensdisease
ssthatsarescausedsbysabnormalsmoleculessandsdiseasessthatscausesdisease.sWhichsofsthesfollo
wingspatientssmostsclearlysdemonstratessthesconsequencessofsmoleculessthatscausesdisease
?
A) As31-year-
oldswomanswithssicklescellsanemiaswhosissreceivingsastransfusionsofspackedsredsbl
oodscells
B) As91-year-
oldswomanswhoshassexperiencedsansischemicsstrokesresultingsfromsfamilialshyp
ercholesterolemia
C) As19-year-
oldsmanswithsexacerbationsofshisscysticsfibrosissrequiringsoxygenstherapysands
chestsphysiotherapy
D) As30-year-
oldshomelesssmanswhoshassPneumocystisscariniispneumonias(PCP)sandsissHIVspositi
ve.
Ans:sD
Feedback:
PCPsissansexamplesofstheseffectsofsasmoleculesthatsdirectlyscontributesstosdisease.sSicklescel
lsanemia,sfamilialshypercholesterolemia,sandscysticsfibrosissaresallsexamplessofstheseffectss
ofsabnormalsmolecules.
4. Asmembersofstheshealthscaresteamsissresearchingsthesetiologysandspathogenesissofsasnum
bersofsclientsswhosaresundershisscaresinsashospitalscontext.sWhichsofsthesfollowingsaspectss
ofsclients'ssituationssbN
esUtschSaraN
ctGerTizBesspaOthMogenesissrathersthansetiology?
A) AsclientswhoshassbeensexposedstosthesMycobacteriumstuberculosissbacterium
B) Asclientswhoshassincreasingsserumsammoniaslevelssduestosliverscirrhosis
C) Asclientswhoswassadmittedswithstheseffectssofsmethylsalcoholspoisoning
D) AsclientswithsmultiplesskeletalsinjuriesssecondarystosasmotorsvehiclesaccidentsA
ns:s B
Feedback:
Pathogenesissrefersstosthesprogressivesandsevolutionaryscoursesofsdisease,ssuchsassthesin
creasingsammoniaslevelssthatsaccompanysliversdisease.sBacteria,spoisons,sandstraumati
csinjuriessaresexamplessofsetiologicsfactors.
, 5. Asnewsmyocardialsinfarctionspatientsrequiringsangioplastysandsstentsplacementshassarrived
stoshissfirstscardiacsrehabilitationsappointment.sInsthissfirstssession,sasreviewsofsthespathoge
nesissofscoronarysarterysdiseasesissaddressed.sWhichsstatementsbysthespatientsverifiesstosthes
nursesthatsheshassunderstoodsthesnurse'ssteachingssaboutscoronarysarterysdisease?
A) “AllsIshavestosdosissstopssmoking,sandsthensIswon'tshavesanysmoresheartsattacks.”
B) “Mysarteryswasscloggedsbysfat,ssosIswillsneedstosstopseatingsfattysfoodsslikesFre
nchsfriesseverysday.”
C) “Soundsslikesthissbegansbecausesofsinflammationsinsidesmysarterysthatsmadesitsea
systosformsfattysstreaks,swhichsleadstosmyscloggedsartery.”
D) “IfsIsdosnotsexercisesregularlystosgetsmysheartsratesup,sbloodspoolssinsthesveinsscausi
ngsasclotsthatsstopssbloodsflowstosthesmuscle,sandsIswillshavesasheartsattack.”
Ans:sC
Feedback:
Thestruesetiology/causesofscoronarysarterysdiseases(CAD)sissunknown;showever,sthespatho
genesissofsthesdisordersrelatesstosthesprogressionsofsthesinflammatorysprocesssfromsasfattysst
reakstosthesocclusivesvesselslesionsseensinspeopleswithscoronarysarterysdisease.sRisksfactors
sforsCADsrevolvesaroundscigarettessmoking,sdietshighsinsfat,sandslacksofsexercise.
6. As77-year-
oldsmansissashospitalsinpatientsadmittedsforsexacerbationsofshisschronicsobstructivespulmon
arysdiseases(COPD),sandsasrespiratorystherapists(RT)sissassessingsthesclientsforsthesfirststime
.sWhicN hsofRtheIfN
olG
loTwBin.gCaO
spMectssofsthespatient'sscurrentsstatesofshealthswouldsbesbestschara
cterizedsassassymptomsrathersthansassign?
A) Thespatient'ssoxygenssaturationsiss83%sbyspulsesoxymetry.
B) Thespatientsnotessthatsheshassincreasedsworksofsbreathingswhenslyingssupine.
C) ThesRTshearssdiminishedsbreathssoundsstosthespatient'sslowerslungsfieldssbi
laterally.
D) Thespatient'ssrespiratorysratesiss31sbreaths/minute.s
Ans:s B
Feedback:
Symptomssaressubjectivescomplaintssbysthespersonsexperiencingstheshealthsproblem,ssu
chsasscomplaintssofsbreathingsdifficulty.sOxygenslevels,slisteningstosbreathssounds,sands
respiratorysratesaresallsobjective,sobservablessignssofsdisease.
1. Atsansinternationalsnursingsconference,smanysdiscussionssandsbreakoutssessionssfocusedso
nsthesWorldsHealthsOrganizations(WHO)sviewssonshealth.sOfsthesfollowingscommentssmad
esbysnursessduringsasdiscussionssession,swhichsstatementsswouldsbesconsideredsasgoodsrepr
, esentationsofsthesWHOsdefinition?sSelectsallsthatsapply.
A) Interestssinskeepingstheselderlyspopulationsengagedsinssuchsactivitiessassbooksre
viewssandswordsgamessduringssocialstime
B) Increasesinsthesnumbersofschairsaerobicssclassessprovidedsinsthesskilledscaresfa
cilities
C) Interventionssgearedstowardskeepingstheselderlyspopulationsdiagnosedswithsdiabetes
smellitussunderstightsbloodsglucosescontrolsbysprovidingsin-homescookingsclasses
D) Providingstransportationsforsrenalsdialysisspatientsstosandsfromstheirshemodialysissse
ssions
E) ProvidingshandwashingsteachingssessionsstosasgroupsofsyoungschildrensA
ns:s A,sB,sC,sE
Feedback:
ThesWHOsdefinitionsofshealthsissdefinedsass“asstatesofscompletesphysical,smental,sandssoci
alswell-
beingsandsnotsmerelysthesabsencesofsdiseasesandsinfirmity.”sEngagingsinsbooksreviewssfaci
litatessmentalsandssocialswell-being;schairsaerobicsshelpssfacilitatesphysicalswell-
being;sandsassistingswithstightscontrolsofsdiabetesshelpsswithsfacilitatingsphysicalswell-
beingsevensthoughsthespersonshassaschronicsdisease.sHandwashingsissvitalsinsthesprevention
sofsdiseasesandsspreadsofsgerms.
2. Ascommunityshealthsnursesissteachingsasgroupsofsrecentsgraduatessaboutstheslargesvarie
tysofsfactorssthatsinfluencesansindividual'sshealthsorslacksthereof.sThesnursesissreferrings
tosthesHealthysPeoples2020sreportsfromsthesU.S.sDepartmentsofsHealthsandsHumansSer
vicessassasteachingsexample.sOfsthesfollowingsaspectssdiscussed,swhichswouldsbesconsi
deredsasdeterminantsofshealthsthatsissoutsidesthesfocussofsthissreport?
A) ThesclientshassasdiversesbackgroundsbysbeingsofsAsiansandsNativesAmericansdesc
entsandspracticessvarioussalternativestherapiesstosminimizeseffectssofsstress.
B) Thesclientshassasfamilyshistorysofscardiovascularsdiseasesrelatedstoshyperchol
esterolemiasandsremainssnoncompliantswithsthestreatmentsregime.
C) Thesclientshassasgoodscareerswithsexceptionalspreventativeshealthscaresbenefits.
D) Thesclientslivessinsansaffluent,sclean,ssuburbanscommunityswithsaccessstosmanyshe
althscaresfacilities.
Ans:sB
Feedback:
InsHealthysPeoples2020,sthesfocussisstospromotesgoodshealthstosalls(suchsassusingsalternativ
estherapiesstosminimizeseffectssofsstress);sachievingshealthsequitysandspromotingshealthsfors
alls(whichsincludesshavingsgoodshealthscaresbenefits);sandspromotingsgoodshealths(whichsi
ncludesslivingsinsascleanscommunityswithsgoodsaccessstoshealthscare).sAsclient'ssnoncompli
anceswithstreatmentsstoscontrolshighscholesterolslevelsswithinsthespresencesofsasfamilyshisto
rysofsCVsdiseasesdoessnotsmeetsthes“attainingslivessfreesofspreventablesdiseasesandsprematu
resdeath”sdeterminant.
,3. Asphysiciansissprovidingscaresforsasnumbersofspatientssonsasmedicalsunitsofsaslarge,suniversit
yshospital.sThesphysiciansissdiscussingswithsascolleaguesthesdifferentiationsbetweensdisease
ssthatsarescausedsbysabnormalsmoleculessandsdiseasessthatscausesdisease.sWhichsofsthesfollo
wingspatientssmostsclearlysdemonstratessthesconsequencessofsmoleculessthatscausesdisease
?
A) As31-year-
oldswomanswithssicklescellsanemiaswhosissreceivingsastransfusionsofspackedsredsbl
oodscells
B) As91-year-
oldswomanswhoshassexperiencedsansischemicsstrokesresultingsfromsfamilialshyp
ercholesterolemia
C) As19-year-
oldsmanswithsexacerbationsofshisscysticsfibrosissrequiringsoxygenstherapysands
chestsphysiotherapy
D) As30-year-
oldshomelesssmanswhoshassPneumocystisscariniispneumonias(PCP)sandsissHIVspositi
ve.
Ans:sD
Feedback:
PCPsissansexamplesofstheseffectsofsasmoleculesthatsdirectlyscontributesstosdisease.sSicklescel
lsanemia,sfamilialshypercholesterolemia,sandscysticsfibrosissaresallsexamplessofstheseffectss
ofsabnormalsmolecules.
4. Asmembersofstheshealthscaresteamsissresearchingsthesetiologysandspathogenesissofsasnum
bersofsclientsswhosaresundershisscaresinsashospitalscontext.sWhichsofsthesfollowingsaspectss
ofsclients'ssituationssbN
esUtschSaraN
ctGerTizBesspaOthMogenesissrathersthansetiology?
A) AsclientswhoshassbeensexposedstosthesMycobacteriumstuberculosissbacterium
B) Asclientswhoshassincreasingsserumsammoniaslevelssduestosliverscirrhosis
C) Asclientswhoswassadmittedswithstheseffectssofsmethylsalcoholspoisoning
D) AsclientswithsmultiplesskeletalsinjuriesssecondarystosasmotorsvehiclesaccidentsA
ns:s B
Feedback:
Pathogenesissrefersstosthesprogressivesandsevolutionaryscoursesofsdisease,ssuchsassthesin
creasingsammoniaslevelssthatsaccompanysliversdisease.sBacteria,spoisons,sandstraumati
csinjuriessaresexamplessofsetiologicsfactors.
, 5. Asnewsmyocardialsinfarctionspatientsrequiringsangioplastysandsstentsplacementshassarrived
stoshissfirstscardiacsrehabilitationsappointment.sInsthissfirstssession,sasreviewsofsthespathoge
nesissofscoronarysarterysdiseasesissaddressed.sWhichsstatementsbysthespatientsverifiesstosthes
nursesthatsheshassunderstoodsthesnurse'ssteachingssaboutscoronarysarterysdisease?
A) “AllsIshavestosdosissstopssmoking,sandsthensIswon'tshavesanysmoresheartsattacks.”
B) “Mysarteryswasscloggedsbysfat,ssosIswillsneedstosstopseatingsfattysfoodsslikesFre
nchsfriesseverysday.”
C) “Soundsslikesthissbegansbecausesofsinflammationsinsidesmysarterysthatsmadesitsea
systosformsfattysstreaks,swhichsleadstosmyscloggedsartery.”
D) “IfsIsdosnotsexercisesregularlystosgetsmysheartsratesup,sbloodspoolssinsthesveinsscausi
ngsasclotsthatsstopssbloodsflowstosthesmuscle,sandsIswillshavesasheartsattack.”
Ans:sC
Feedback:
Thestruesetiology/causesofscoronarysarterysdiseases(CAD)sissunknown;showever,sthespatho
genesissofsthesdisordersrelatesstosthesprogressionsofsthesinflammatorysprocesssfromsasfattysst
reakstosthesocclusivesvesselslesionsseensinspeopleswithscoronarysarterysdisease.sRisksfactors
sforsCADsrevolvesaroundscigarettessmoking,sdietshighsinsfat,sandslacksofsexercise.
6. As77-year-
oldsmansissashospitalsinpatientsadmittedsforsexacerbationsofshisschronicsobstructivespulmon
arysdiseases(COPD),sandsasrespiratorystherapists(RT)sissassessingsthesclientsforsthesfirststime
.sWhicN hsofRtheIfN
olG
loTwBin.gCaO
spMectssofsthespatient'sscurrentsstatesofshealthswouldsbesbestschara
cterizedsassassymptomsrathersthansassign?
A) Thespatient'ssoxygenssaturationsiss83%sbyspulsesoxymetry.
B) Thespatientsnotessthatsheshassincreasedsworksofsbreathingswhenslyingssupine.
C) ThesRTshearssdiminishedsbreathssoundsstosthespatient'sslowerslungsfieldssbi
laterally.
D) Thespatient'ssrespiratorysratesiss31sbreaths/minute.s
Ans:s B
Feedback:
Symptomssaressubjectivescomplaintssbysthespersonsexperiencingstheshealthsproblem,ssu
chsasscomplaintssofsbreathingsdifficulty.sOxygenslevels,slisteningstosbreathssounds,sands
respiratorysratesaresallsobjective,sobservablessignssofsdisease.
