HDFS 2100 lecture notes |early childhood physical development
1. Percentages of stunted children world wide (under 5 years): Higher
percent- ages in Africa, South Asia, Australia
stunted is 2 standard deviations below the norm
2. Leading cause of death for children in developing countries:
Pneumonia, malaria, diarrhea
3. Malnutrition: Responsible for nearly half of early childhood deaths
recent reduction of mortality rates for children under 5
4. Illness and disease in developed countries: Have vaccinations,
adequate food and medical care
leading cause of death in U.S is firearms
5. Deaths under 5 years of age, per 1000 births: Japan (2.5), US
(6.5), Bangladesh (31), Niger (80), Sierra Leone (109)
6. Mortality in the first 3 years of life: Traditionally, the most common
cause of mortality in the first three years of lifeworldwide was
dehydration from diarrhea. However, the spreading information
aboutOral Rehydration Solution (a mixture of salts, sugar, and water)
to mothers around theworld has decreased the rate of children dying
from dehydration.
7. Infant mortality: Currently, the mostcommon cause is pneumonia.
Other causes of infant mortality include: malnutrition,malaria,
congenital malformation, infection and SIDS. Infanticide, child abuse,
childabandonment, and neglect also contribute to a lesser extent
8. Environments for health in rural Bangladesh: o Poor sewage, outhouses
into waters
They are clean, but the understanding of germs is not the sameo
Poor sewage, outhouses into waters
They are clean, but the understanding of germs is not the same
9. Nutritional status of Bangladesh: Average child is lower than 2 sd
from the mean, which is malnourished
10.Locomotor development Bangladesh: Slower rates of development
com- pared to Bayley
Hitting milestones at later ages
11.Behavioral development and diarrheal diseases: Measuring how much
the children touch contaminants, when crawling, dung on the ground,
, HDFS 2100 lecture notes |early childhood physical development
infants learn by putting things in their mouth
, HDFS 2100 lecture notes |early childhood physical development
12.Two villages: Experimental and control groups
Similar rates of fathers, mothers, occupations, land, and households
13.Clean life campaign (Porichchhana Jibon): Rapid Assessment to
determine risks andprotections• Project working groups to assess
resourcesand possible interventions• Iterative in-home trials with- 10
project workers- 25 volunteer mothers- 25 of the poorest mothers•
Neighborhood groups of 3-5, twice/week
14.Ground sanitations: Play area, removed feces, isolate clean place
for infant, play pen
15.Personal hygiene: - Wash hands with ash or soap- Use bodna with
right hand only- Cut nails of all family members
16.Food hygiene: No bottles, or boil or soak in salt water- Tubewell
water only, boiled- Food security
17.Mother-child pairs: Compared control vs intervention group
control stayed the same (in percentage rated clean), intervention grew
over time
18.Control group vs intervention on weight: Percentage of children less
than 3 SD below the norm for weight
intervention group goes
down control group
continues growing
19.Nutrition/Malnutrion of developing countries: Malnutrion is the norm,
most common defficiencies of protein and iron
20.Nutrition in developed countries: Children in developed countries eat
too much unhealthy food, which leads toobesity• Calcium most
common nutritional de- ficiency in U.S.• Ethnic and immigrant group
differences in quality of early childhood diet
21.The Dutch famine of 1944-1945 ("The Hunger Winter"): In the winter and
spring of 1944 after a railway strike (trying to hamper German troop
movements), the Germanoccupation limited rations such that people,
including pregnant women, in the western region of The Netherlands,
acrossall social classes, received as little as 400-800 calories/day
22.Pregnant women exposed to famine: Women exposed to the famine
during mid- to late gestation hadbabies with significantly reduced birth
weights. Born small andremained small, lower later obesityBabies
whose mothers were exposed only during early gestationhad normal
, HDFS 2100 lecture notes |early childhood physical development
birth weights
23.Babies of normal birth when famine was only early prenatal: Higher
rates of obesity, diabetes, altered lipid, cardiovascular disease, and
schizophrenia, com- pared to babies born before and after war
1. Percentages of stunted children world wide (under 5 years): Higher
percent- ages in Africa, South Asia, Australia
stunted is 2 standard deviations below the norm
2. Leading cause of death for children in developing countries:
Pneumonia, malaria, diarrhea
3. Malnutrition: Responsible for nearly half of early childhood deaths
recent reduction of mortality rates for children under 5
4. Illness and disease in developed countries: Have vaccinations,
adequate food and medical care
leading cause of death in U.S is firearms
5. Deaths under 5 years of age, per 1000 births: Japan (2.5), US
(6.5), Bangladesh (31), Niger (80), Sierra Leone (109)
6. Mortality in the first 3 years of life: Traditionally, the most common
cause of mortality in the first three years of lifeworldwide was
dehydration from diarrhea. However, the spreading information
aboutOral Rehydration Solution (a mixture of salts, sugar, and water)
to mothers around theworld has decreased the rate of children dying
from dehydration.
7. Infant mortality: Currently, the mostcommon cause is pneumonia.
Other causes of infant mortality include: malnutrition,malaria,
congenital malformation, infection and SIDS. Infanticide, child abuse,
childabandonment, and neglect also contribute to a lesser extent
8. Environments for health in rural Bangladesh: o Poor sewage, outhouses
into waters
They are clean, but the understanding of germs is not the sameo
Poor sewage, outhouses into waters
They are clean, but the understanding of germs is not the same
9. Nutritional status of Bangladesh: Average child is lower than 2 sd
from the mean, which is malnourished
10.Locomotor development Bangladesh: Slower rates of development
com- pared to Bayley
Hitting milestones at later ages
11.Behavioral development and diarrheal diseases: Measuring how much
the children touch contaminants, when crawling, dung on the ground,
, HDFS 2100 lecture notes |early childhood physical development
infants learn by putting things in their mouth
, HDFS 2100 lecture notes |early childhood physical development
12.Two villages: Experimental and control groups
Similar rates of fathers, mothers, occupations, land, and households
13.Clean life campaign (Porichchhana Jibon): Rapid Assessment to
determine risks andprotections• Project working groups to assess
resourcesand possible interventions• Iterative in-home trials with- 10
project workers- 25 volunteer mothers- 25 of the poorest mothers•
Neighborhood groups of 3-5, twice/week
14.Ground sanitations: Play area, removed feces, isolate clean place
for infant, play pen
15.Personal hygiene: - Wash hands with ash or soap- Use bodna with
right hand only- Cut nails of all family members
16.Food hygiene: No bottles, or boil or soak in salt water- Tubewell
water only, boiled- Food security
17.Mother-child pairs: Compared control vs intervention group
control stayed the same (in percentage rated clean), intervention grew
over time
18.Control group vs intervention on weight: Percentage of children less
than 3 SD below the norm for weight
intervention group goes
down control group
continues growing
19.Nutrition/Malnutrion of developing countries: Malnutrion is the norm,
most common defficiencies of protein and iron
20.Nutrition in developed countries: Children in developed countries eat
too much unhealthy food, which leads toobesity• Calcium most
common nutritional de- ficiency in U.S.• Ethnic and immigrant group
differences in quality of early childhood diet
21.The Dutch famine of 1944-1945 ("The Hunger Winter"): In the winter and
spring of 1944 after a railway strike (trying to hamper German troop
movements), the Germanoccupation limited rations such that people,
including pregnant women, in the western region of The Netherlands,
acrossall social classes, received as little as 400-800 calories/day
22.Pregnant women exposed to famine: Women exposed to the famine
during mid- to late gestation hadbabies with significantly reduced birth
weights. Born small andremained small, lower later obesityBabies
whose mothers were exposed only during early gestationhad normal
, HDFS 2100 lecture notes |early childhood physical development
birth weights
23.Babies of normal birth when famine was only early prenatal: Higher
rates of obesity, diabetes, altered lipid, cardiovascular disease, and
schizophrenia, com- pared to babies born before and after war
