Test Bank Pharmacology for Nurses Canadian 2nd, 3rd Edition Adams

Test Bank For Pharmacology for Nurses, Canadian Edition, 3rd E
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dition by Michael Adams (), 9780135493199 / Chapter 1-
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64 / All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
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Whatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesα1sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sIncreasesvascularssmoothsmusclescontraction,sincreasespupillarysdilatorsmusclescontractions(

mydriasis),sincreasesintestinalsandsbladderssphinctersmusclescontraction

Whatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesα2sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sDecreasessympatheticsoutflow,sdecreasesinsulinsrelease,sdecreaseslipolysis,sincreasesplatelets

aggregation,sdecreasesaqueousshumorsproduction

Whatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesβ1sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sIncreasesheart srate,sincreasescontractility,sincreasesreninsrelease,sincreaseslipolysis



Whatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesβ2sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sVasodilation,sbronchodilation,sincreaseslipolysis,sincreasesinsulinsrelease,sdecreasesuterinest

ones(tocolysis),sciliarysmusclesrelaxation,sincreasesaqueousshumorsproduction

WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesM1sreceptor?s-sANSWER:sCNS,sentericsnervousssystem

WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesM2sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sDecreasesheart sratesandscontractilitysofsatria



WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesM3sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sIncreasesexocrinesglandssecretionss(e.g.,slacrimal,ssalivary,sgastricsacid),sincreasesgutsperistal

sis,sincreasesbladderscontraction,sincreasesbronchoconstriction,spupillaryssphinctersmusclescontractions
(miosis),sciliarysmusclescontractions(accommodation)

WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesD1sreceptor?s-sANSWER:sRelaxessrenalsvascularssmoothsmuscle

WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesD2sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sModulatesstransmittersrelease,sespeciallysinsthesbrain



WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesH1sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sIncreasesnasal sandsbronchialsmucussproduction,sincreasesvascularspermeability,scontractions

ofsbronchioles,spruritis,spain

WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesH2sreceptor?s-sANSWER:sIncreasesgastricsacidssecretion

WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesV1sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sIncreasesvascularssmoothsmusclescontraction



WhatsaresthesmajorsfunctionssofsthesV2sreceptor?s-
sANSWER:sIncreasesH2Ospermeabilitysandsreabsorptionsinscollectingstubulessofskidneys(V2sissfoundsinsth

es"2"skidneys)

WhatsreceptorssaresassociateswithsGq?s-sANSWER:sH1,sα1,sV1,sM1,sandsM3

WhatsreceptorssaresassociatedswithsGs?s-sANSWER:sH2,sB1,sB2,sV2,sD1

WhatsreceptorssaresassociatedswithsGi?s-sANSWER:sM2,sα2,sD2

Bethanechols-sANSWER:s-Directscholinergicsagonist

,-Activatessbowelsandsbladderssmoothsmuscles
-Usedsinspostoperativesandsneurogenicsileuss
-ResistantstosAChE

Carbachols-sANSWER:s-Directscholinergicsagonist
-Carbonscopysofsacetylcholine
-Constrictsspupilssandsrelievessintraocularspressuresinsglaucoma

Methacholines-sANSWER:s-Directscholinergicsagonist
-Stimulatessmuscarinicsreceptorssinsairwaysswhensinhaleds
-Usedsassaschallengestestsforsdiagnosissofsasthma

Pilocarpines-sANSWER:s-Directscholinergicsagonist
-
Contractssciliarysmusclesofseyes(opensanglesglaucoma),scontractsspupillaryssphincters(closedsanglesglauc
oma)
-Potentsstimulatorsofssweat,stearssandssaliva
-AChEsresistant

Donepezils-sANSWER:s-Anticholinesterses-sincreasessACh
-Alzheimersdisease

Galantamines-sANSWER:s-Anticholinesterses-sincreasessACh
-Alzheimersdisease

Rivastigmines-sANSWER:s-Anticholinesterses-sincreasessACh
-Alzheimersdisease

Edrophoniums-sANSWER:s-Anticholinesterses-sincreasessACh
-Historicallysusedstosdiagnosesmyastheniasgraviss(MGsissnowsdiagnosedsbysanti-AChRsAbstest.

Neostigmines-sANSWER:s-Anticholinesterses-sincreasessACh
-
Usedsinspostoperativesandsneurogenicsileussandsurinarysretention,smyastheniasgravis,sandspostoperativ
esreversalsofsneuromuscularsjunctionsblockade

Physostigmines-sANSWER:s-Anticholinesterses-sincreasessACh
-Usedsinsanticholinergicstoxicity
-Crossessthesblood-brainsbarriers(CNS)

Pyridostigmines-sANSWER:s-Anticholinesterses-sincreasessACh
-Increasessmusclesstrengths
-Usedsinsmyastheniasgraviss(longsacting)
-DoessnotspenetratesCNS

Atropines-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonists
-Usedsinsbradycardiasandsforsophthalmicsapplications
-Alsosusedsassantidotesforscholinesterasesinhibitorspoisoning
-
Actionssincludesincreasespupilsdilation,scycloplegia,sdecreasedsairwayssecretions,sdecreasedsacidssecreti
ons,sdecreasedsgutsmotility,sdecreasedsbladdersurgencysinscystitiss
-
Toxicity:sincreasedsbodystemps(duestosdecreasedssweating),srapidspulse,sdrysmouth,sdrysandsflushedsski
n,scycloplegia,sconstipation,sdisorientation;s
-Canscausesacutesangle-
closuresglaucomasinselderlys(duestosmydriasis),surinarysretentionsinsmenswithsprostaticshyperplasia,sand
shyperthermiasinsinfants

,-Seesalsoshomatropinesandstropicamide

Benztropines-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-WorkssinsCNSs
-UsedsinsParkinsonsdiseasesandsacutesdystonia

Glycopyrrolates-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-Parentalsuse:spreoperativesusestosreducesairwayssecretions
-Oralsuse:sdrooling,spepticsulcer

Hyoscyamines-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-AntispasmodicssforsIBS

Dicyclomides-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-AntispasmodicssforsIBS

Ipratropiums-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-UsedsinsCOPDsandsasthma

Tiotropiums-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-UsedsinsCOPDsandsasthma

Oxybutynins-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-Reducedsbladdersspasmssandsurgesurinarysincontinence

Solifenacins-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-Reducedsbladdersspasmssandsurgesurinarysincontinence

Tolterodines-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-Reducedsbladdersspasmssandsurgesurinarysincontinence

Scopalamines-sANSWER:s-Muscarinicsantagonist
-Motionssickness

Tetrodotoxins-sANSWER:s-
Poisoningscansresultsfromsingestionsofspoorlyspreparedspuffersfishs(exoticssushi)
-Highlyspotentstoxinsthatsbindssfastsvoltage-
gatedsNa+schannelssinscardiacsandsnervestissue,spreventingsdepolarizations-
sblockssactionspotentialswithoutschangingsrestingspotentials(samesmechanismsassLidocaine)

-Causessnausea,sdiarrhea,sparesthesias,sweakness,sdizziness,slosssofsreflexes.
-Treatmentsissprimarilyssupportive.

Ciguatoxins-sANSWER:s-Consumptionsofsreefsfishs(e.g.sbarracuda,ssnapper,seel...)
-Causessciguaterasfishspoisoning.s
-OpenssNa+schannelsscausingsdepolarization.sSymptomsseasilysconfusedswithscholinergicspoisoning.s
-Temperature-
relatedsdysesthesias(e.g.,s"coldsfeelsshot;shotsfeelsscold")sissregardedsassasspecificsfindingsofsciguatera.
-Treatmentsissprimarilyssupportive.

Scombroidspoisonings-sANSWER:s-Causedsbysconsumptionsofsdark-
meatsfishs(e.g.,sbonito,smackerel,smahi-mahi,stuna)simproperlysstoredsatswarmstemperature.s
-
Bacterialshistidinesdecarboxylasesconvertsshistidinestoshistamine.sHistaminesissnotsdegradedsbyscooking.
-Acute-
onsetsburningssensationsofsthesmouth,sflushingsofsface,serythema,surticaria,spruritus,sheadache.sMaysca
usesanaphylaxis-likespresentations(i.e.,sbronchospasm,sangioedema,shypotension).
-Frequentlysmisdiagnosedsassallergystosfish.

, -
Treatssupportivelyswithsantihistamines;sifsneeded,santianaphylacticss(e.g.,sbronchodilators,sepinephrin
e).

Albuterols-sANSWER:s-β2s>sβ1sdirectsagonists
-Acutesasthma

Salmterols-sANSWER:s-β2s>sβ1sdirectsagonist
-LongstermsasthmasorsCOPDscontrol

Dobutamines-sANSWER:s-β1s>sβ2,sαsdirectsagonist
-Uses:sheartsfailures(HF)s(inotropics>schronotropic),scardiacsstressstesting.

Dopamines-sANSWER:s-D1s=sD2s>sβs>sαsdirectsagonist
-Uses:sunstablesbradycardia,sHF,sshock;sinotropicsandschronotropicsαseffectsspredominatesatshighsdoses.

Epinephrines-sANSWER:s-βs>sαsdirectsagonists
-Uses:sanaphylaxis,sasthma,sopen-anglesglaucoma;
αseffectsspredominatesatshighsdoses.sSignificantlysstrongerseffectsatsβ2-receptorsthansnorepinephrine.

Isoprterenols-sANSWER:s-β1s=sβ2sdirectsagonist
-Uses:selectrophysiologicsevaluationsofstachyarrhythmias.sCansworsensischemia

Norepinephrines-sANSWER:s-α1s>sα2s>sβ1sdirectsagonist
-Hypotensions(butrenalsperfusion).sSignificantlysweakerseffectsatsβ2-receptorsthansepinephrine.

Phenylephrines-sANSWER:s-α1s>sα2sdirectsagonists
-Uses:shypotensions(vasoconstrictor),socularsproceduress(mydriatic),srhinitiss(decongestant)

Amphetamines-sANSWER:s-Indirectsgeneralssympatheticsagonists
-reuptakesinhibitor;salsosreleasessstoredscatecholaminess
-Narcolepsy,sobesity,sADHD.

Cocaines-sANSWER:s-Indirectsgeneralssympatheticsagonist
-Reuptakesinhibitors
-Causessvasoconstrictionsandslocalsanesthesia.s
-Neversgivesβ-blockerssifscocainesintoxicationsis
suspecteds(cansleadstosunopposedsα1sactivationsandsextremeshypertension).

Ephedrines-sANSWER:s-Indirectsgeneralssympatheticsagonist
-Releasessstoredscatecholaminess
-Nasalsdecongestion,surinarysincontinence,shypotension.

Norepinephrinesvs.sisoproterenols-sANSWER:s-
Norepinephrinesincreasesssystolicsandsdiastolicspressuressassasresultsofsα1-
mediatedsvasoconstrictionscausingsincreasedsinsmeansarterialspressuresandsreflexsbradycardia.s-
However,sisoproterenols(noslongerscommonlysused)shasslittlesαseffectsbutscausessβ2-
mediatedsvasodilation,sresultingsinsdecreasedsmeansarterialspressuresandsincreasedsheartsratesthroughs
β1sandsreflexsactivity.

Clonidines-sANSWER:s-α2-agonists
-
Uses:shypertensivesurgencys(limitedssituations);sdoessnotsdecreasesrenalsbloodsflow;sADHD,sTourettessy
ndrome
-Toxicity:sCNSsdepression,sbradycardia,shypotension,srespiratorysdepression,smiosis

α-methyldopas-sANSWER:s-α2-agonist