Human growth & Development Final Revised Questions
1.Descriptive Studies: objective to describe phenomena
• Main types: observation, case studies, surveys, and content analysis
2.Correlational research: formally test whether a relationship exists
between two or more variables
3.Experimental research: randomly assign people to different
conditions, use hypothesis testing to make inferences about how
these condition affect behavior
4.Descriptive research (observational studies): Involves watching and
recording the actions of participants
5.Descriptive research (observational studies) strength:: the researcher
can see how people behave rather than rely on self report
6.Descriptive research (observational studies) weakness:: do not allow
the researcher to explain casual relationships
7.Hawthorne effect: people tend to change their behavior when they
know they are being observed
8.Descriptive research (case studies): Explore a single case or situation in
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,great detail.
9.Descriptive research (case studies) strength:: helpful when
investigating un- usual situations about which little is known
10.Descriptive research (case studies) weakness:: findings cannot be
gener- alized or applied to larger populations; this is because cases
are not randomly selected, and no control group is used for
comparison
11.Descriptive research (surveys): used to ask a standard set of questions
12.Descriptive research (surveys) strength:: can yield surface information
on a variety of factors; useful in examining values, attitudes, and
opinions.
13.Descriptive research (surveys) weakness:: may not allow for an in-
depth understanding of human behavior; self-report may limit
accuracy
14.Validity: refers to accuracy of measurement
15.Reliability: refers to consistency of measurement
16.Descriptive research (content analysis): involves reviewing media such
as old texts, pictures, commercials, lyrics or other materials to explore
patterns or themes in culture
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, 17.Descriptive research (content analysis) secondary: known as archival
re- search, involves analyzing information that has already been
collected or examining documents or media to uncover attitudes,
practices, or preferences
18.Descriptive research (content analysis) strength:: do not have to
recruit participants
19.Descriptive research (content analysis) weakness:: limited to the
questions asked and the quality of data originally collected
20.Positive Correlational Research: the variables go up or down together
21.Negative Correlational Research: the variables move in opposite
directions, indicated by a negative number
22.Experimental research; Experiments are designed to test: hypotheses
23.Hypotheses: are specific statements about the relationships between
variables
24.Variable: anything that changes in value
25.Variables are operationalized which means: the researcher specifies
exactly what is going to be measured
26.Major advantage of experimental research:: the experimental method
is the only research metho that can measure cause and effect
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1.Descriptive Studies: objective to describe phenomena
• Main types: observation, case studies, surveys, and content analysis
2.Correlational research: formally test whether a relationship exists
between two or more variables
3.Experimental research: randomly assign people to different
conditions, use hypothesis testing to make inferences about how
these condition affect behavior
4.Descriptive research (observational studies): Involves watching and
recording the actions of participants
5.Descriptive research (observational studies) strength:: the researcher
can see how people behave rather than rely on self report
6.Descriptive research (observational studies) weakness:: do not allow
the researcher to explain casual relationships
7.Hawthorne effect: people tend to change their behavior when they
know they are being observed
8.Descriptive research (case studies): Explore a single case or situation in
1
16
,great detail.
9.Descriptive research (case studies) strength:: helpful when
investigating un- usual situations about which little is known
10.Descriptive research (case studies) weakness:: findings cannot be
gener- alized or applied to larger populations; this is because cases
are not randomly selected, and no control group is used for
comparison
11.Descriptive research (surveys): used to ask a standard set of questions
12.Descriptive research (surveys) strength:: can yield surface information
on a variety of factors; useful in examining values, attitudes, and
opinions.
13.Descriptive research (surveys) weakness:: may not allow for an in-
depth understanding of human behavior; self-report may limit
accuracy
14.Validity: refers to accuracy of measurement
15.Reliability: refers to consistency of measurement
16.Descriptive research (content analysis): involves reviewing media such
as old texts, pictures, commercials, lyrics or other materials to explore
patterns or themes in culture
2
16
, 17.Descriptive research (content analysis) secondary: known as archival
re- search, involves analyzing information that has already been
collected or examining documents or media to uncover attitudes,
practices, or preferences
18.Descriptive research (content analysis) strength:: do not have to
recruit participants
19.Descriptive research (content analysis) weakness:: limited to the
questions asked and the quality of data originally collected
20.Positive Correlational Research: the variables go up or down together
21.Negative Correlational Research: the variables move in opposite
directions, indicated by a negative number
22.Experimental research; Experiments are designed to test: hypotheses
23.Hypotheses: are specific statements about the relationships between
variables
24.Variable: anything that changes in value
25.Variables are operationalized which means: the researcher specifies
exactly what is going to be measured
26.Major advantage of experimental research:: the experimental method
is the only research metho that can measure cause and effect
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