A & P == The endocrine
1. what is the secondary control system of the body?: the endocrine system
2. What is it controlled by?: the nervous system
3. how is the endocrine system different from the nervous system in terms of means of control and
speed?: the nervous system controls/arrives rapidly and adjustment is short term
the endocrine system controls slowly and adjustment is long term
4. what is the functional unit of an endocrine system?
what route is used by the endocrine system?: endocrine gland
blood
5. what type of neurotransmitters are used by the endocrine and nervous?: -
endocrine == bloodstream
nervous == neurotransmitters
6. what are neurons that secrete hormones called: neurohormones
7. the target cells of a particular hormone have one thing in common for the hormone: specific
receptors
8. What are target cells?: cells that have receptors for a particular hormone
9. what happens to cells that do not have the receptors: they are unaffected
10.in what way does an hormone affect cell? what does it
alter?: its metabolic activity
11.what are some types of chemical signals/messengers?: endocrine signals paracrine signals
autocrine signals
12.what are long-distance chemical signals that travel through the blood stream (aka a
hormone)
are chemicals that affect the same cells that release them
are chemicals that affect the same cells that release them: endocrine autocrine
paracrine
13.what are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system called: hor- mones
, A & P == The endocrine
14.what are the two main chemical classifications? which of them
is hydrophilic/hydrophobic?
which of them is water/fat soluble?: amino acids (hydrophilic) == single protein, peptides, proteins
steroids (hydrophobic) == synthesized from cholesterol
15.what are the required steps for a water soluble hormone to pass through a membrane? hrga: the
hormone (1st messenger) binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane
the receptor activates G-protein
the G-protein activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase
adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP (2nd messenger)
16.what are the 3 major stimuli that cause the release of hormones?: humoral stimuli
neural stimuli hormonal
stimuli
17.when blood levels are changed in the body, what type of stimuli is trig- gered?
when there are neural inputs?
when there are hormonal inputs/triggers?: humoral stimuli neural stimuli
hormonal stimuli
18.a trigger in the blood like a decrease of Ca in the blood will lead to what kinda stimulus?:
humoral stimulus
19.a trigger that causes other glands to release hormones is what kinda stimulus?: hormonal
20.stimulus: hormones from hypothalamus
response: anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete
hormones
1. what is the secondary control system of the body?: the endocrine system
2. What is it controlled by?: the nervous system
3. how is the endocrine system different from the nervous system in terms of means of control and
speed?: the nervous system controls/arrives rapidly and adjustment is short term
the endocrine system controls slowly and adjustment is long term
4. what is the functional unit of an endocrine system?
what route is used by the endocrine system?: endocrine gland
blood
5. what type of neurotransmitters are used by the endocrine and nervous?: -
endocrine == bloodstream
nervous == neurotransmitters
6. what are neurons that secrete hormones called: neurohormones
7. the target cells of a particular hormone have one thing in common for the hormone: specific
receptors
8. What are target cells?: cells that have receptors for a particular hormone
9. what happens to cells that do not have the receptors: they are unaffected
10.in what way does an hormone affect cell? what does it
alter?: its metabolic activity
11.what are some types of chemical signals/messengers?: endocrine signals paracrine signals
autocrine signals
12.what are long-distance chemical signals that travel through the blood stream (aka a
hormone)
are chemicals that affect the same cells that release them
are chemicals that affect the same cells that release them: endocrine autocrine
paracrine
13.what are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system called: hor- mones
, A & P == The endocrine
14.what are the two main chemical classifications? which of them
is hydrophilic/hydrophobic?
which of them is water/fat soluble?: amino acids (hydrophilic) == single protein, peptides, proteins
steroids (hydrophobic) == synthesized from cholesterol
15.what are the required steps for a water soluble hormone to pass through a membrane? hrga: the
hormone (1st messenger) binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane
the receptor activates G-protein
the G-protein activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase
adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP (2nd messenger)
16.what are the 3 major stimuli that cause the release of hormones?: humoral stimuli
neural stimuli hormonal
stimuli
17.when blood levels are changed in the body, what type of stimuli is trig- gered?
when there are neural inputs?
when there are hormonal inputs/triggers?: humoral stimuli neural stimuli
hormonal stimuli
18.a trigger in the blood like a decrease of Ca in the blood will lead to what kinda stimulus?:
humoral stimulus
19.a trigger that causes other glands to release hormones is what kinda stimulus?: hormonal
20.stimulus: hormones from hypothalamus
response: anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete
hormones
