Test Bank - Campbell Biology 9th Edition
TEST BANK
Campbell Biology
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman,
Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
9th Edition
Page 1
, Test Bank - Campbell Biology 9th Edition
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life
Chapter 3 Water and Life
Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis
Chapter 11 Cell Communication
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 19 Viruses
Chapter 20 Biotechnology
Chapter 21 Genomes and Their Evolution
Chapter 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations
Chapter 24 The Origin of Species
Chapter 25 The History of Life on Earth
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea
Chapter 28 Protists
Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
Chapter 31 Fungi
Chapter 32 An Overview of Animal Diversity
Chapter 33 An Introduction to Invertebrates
Chapter 34 The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates
Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants
Chapter 37 Soil and Plant Nutrition
Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition
Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange
Chapter 43 The Immune System
Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion
Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System
Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction
Chapter 47 Animal Development
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 49 Nervous Systems
Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
Chapter 51 Animal Behavior
Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
Chapter 53 Population Ecology
Chapter 54 Community Ecology
Chapter 55 Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology
Chapter 56 Conservation Biology and Global Change
Page 2
,Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
This introductory chapter explores the basic themes and concepts of biology, with emphasis on the
core theme of evolution. It also introduces students to the thinking of scientists. Questions are
therefore general; however, an effort has been made to include some from each skill level. As in the
rest of this test bank, questions that feature art or those for which several questions follow upon some
data or a scenario are placed together at the end of the chapter.
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For
example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) the potential energy of chemical bonds.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 1
, 4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular
structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of
biology?
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
E) feedback regulation
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
6) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until
delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of
regulation?
A) a bioinformatic system
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) feedback inhibition
E) enzymatic catalysis
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
7) When the ¢ȇ blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result,
the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas
secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the
blood glucose level is the result of
A) catalytic feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) negative feedback.
D) bioinformatic regulation.
E) protein-protein interactions.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
2 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
, 8) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) schematic biology
C) taxonomy
D) genomics
E) evolution
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in
common?
A) a membrane-bounded nucleus
B) a cell wall made of cellulose
C) ribosomes
D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing
CO 2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects
on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?
A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats.
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas.
E) Recycle as much as possible.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 3
, 12) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a
cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
13) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This
organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
15) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive
success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves
differential reproductive success.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
,16) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that
organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local
environment.
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the
local environment.
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom
survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to
reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to
reproduce
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
18) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the
population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you
would predict that the average height of the human population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
E) rapidly increase.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
19) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four -limbed
land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is
best explained by
A) natural philosophy.
B) creationism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 5
, 20) What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain?
A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains.
B) All eukarya belong to one domain.
C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain.
D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain.
E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles
ȇ On the Origin of Species?
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The ȇ authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) ȇ finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
C) adaptive radiation
D) vestigial anatomic structures
E) the accuracy of the fossil record
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
24) Which of the following categories of organisms is least likely to be revised?
A) kingdom
B) class
C) order
D) phylum
E) species
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
6 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
,25) What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) gaining nutrition through ingestion
B) being sedentary
C) being prokaryotic
D) absorbing dissolved nutrients
E) being decomposers of dead organisms
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
26) What are archaea?
A) Prokaryotes characterized as extremophiles that share some bacterial and some
eukaryotic traits.
B) Organisms that are adapted to high temperature environments, such as in volcanic
springs.
C) Single-celled organisms that are killed by the application of antibiotics at certain
concentrations.
D) Bacteria-like organisms that can live only in extreme salt environments.
E) Primitive protist-like creatures possessing fewer than two chromosomes per cell.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
27) According to Darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for
evolutionary success?
A) the species with the longest life
B) the individuals within a population that have the greatest reproductive success
C) the phylum with members that occupy the greatest number of habitats
D) the community of organisms that is capable of living in the most nutrient -poor
biome
E) the organism that produces its own nutrients most efficiently
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
28) Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficiently
recorded by scientists in which field(s) of study?
A) paleontology
B) paleontology and anatomy
C) paleontology, anatomy, and taxonomy
D) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, and genetics
E) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, genetics, and ecology
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 7
, 29) Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists?
A) It provides a framework within which all biological investigation makes sense.
B) It is recognized as the core theme of biology by organizations such as the National
Science Foundation.
C) Controversy about this theory provides a basis for a great deal of experimental
research.
D) Since it cannot be proven, biologists will be able to study evolutionary possibilities
for many years.
E) Biologists do not subscribe to alternative models.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
30) The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as
accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as
A) hypothesis-based science.
B) discovery science.
C) experimental science.
D) quantitative science.
E) qualitative science.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
31) Collecting data based on observation is an example of ________; analyzing this data to
reach a conclusion is an example of ________ reasoning.
A) hypothesis-based science; inductive
B) the process of science; deductive
C) discovery science; inductive
D) descriptive science; deductive
E) hypothesis-based science; deductive
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
32) When applying the process of science, which of these is tested?
A) a question
B) a result
C) an observation
D) a prediction
E) a hypothesis
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
TEST BANK
Campbell Biology
Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman,
Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
9th Edition
Page 1
, Test Bank - Campbell Biology 9th Edition
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life
Chapter 3 Water and Life
Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell
Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and Function
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis
Chapter 11 Cell Communication
Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle
Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 17 From Gene to Protein
Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 19 Viruses
Chapter 20 Biotechnology
Chapter 21 Genomes and Their Evolution
Chapter 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations
Chapter 24 The Origin of Species
Chapter 25 The History of Life on Earth
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea
Chapter 28 Protists
Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
Chapter 31 Fungi
Chapter 32 An Overview of Animal Diversity
Chapter 33 An Introduction to Invertebrates
Chapter 34 The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates
Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants
Chapter 37 Soil and Plant Nutrition
Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology
Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition
Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange
Chapter 43 The Immune System
Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion
Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System
Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction
Chapter 47 Animal Development
Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Chapter 49 Nervous Systems
Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
Chapter 51 Animal Behavior
Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
Chapter 53 Population Ecology
Chapter 54 Community Ecology
Chapter 55 Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology
Chapter 56 Conservation Biology and Global Change
Page 2
,Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
This introductory chapter explores the basic themes and concepts of biology, with emphasis on the
core theme of evolution. It also introduces students to the thinking of scientists. Questions are
therefore general; however, an effort has been made to include some from each skill level. As in the
rest of this test bank, questions that feature art or those for which several questions follow upon some
data or a scenario are placed together at the end of the chapter.
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A) biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
E) family.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For
example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) the potential energy of chemical bonds.
D) oxygen.
E) kinetic energy.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
E) ATP.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 1
, 4) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular
structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of
biology?
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
E) feedback regulation
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
6) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until
delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of
regulation?
A) a bioinformatic system
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) feedback inhibition
E) enzymatic catalysis
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
7) When the ¢ȇ blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result,
the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas
secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the
blood glucose level is the result of
A) catalytic feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) negative feedback.
D) bioinformatic regulation.
E) protein-protein interactions.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Application/Analysis
2 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
, 8) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) schematic biology
C) taxonomy
D) genomics
E) evolution
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
9) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in
common?
A) a membrane-bounded nucleus
B) a cell wall made of cellulose
C) ribosomes
D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
10) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Protista
E) Bacteria and Archaea
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
11) Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing
CO 2 levels, and increasing average ambient temperatures, has already had many effects
on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem?
A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem.
B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habitats.
C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance.
D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas.
E) Recycle as much as possible.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.1
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 3
, 12) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a
cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
A) Eukarya
B) Archaea
C) Animalia
D) Protista
E) Fungi
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
13) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This
organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista
E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems
B) near universality of the genetic code
C) structure of the nucleus
D) structure of cilia
E) structure of chloroplasts
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
15) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) It requires genetic variation.
B) It results in descent with modification.
C) It involves differential reproductive success.
D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive
success.
E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves
differential reproductive success.
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
,16) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that
organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local
environment.
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the
local environment.
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
17) Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom
survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to
reproduce
E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to
reproduce
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
18) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the
population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you
would predict that the average height of the human population will
A) remain unchanged.
B) gradually decline.
C) rapidly decline.
D) gradually increase.
E) rapidly increase.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
19) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four -limbed
land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is
best explained by
A) natural philosophy.
B) creationism.
C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life.
D) natural selection.
E) feedback inhibition.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Application/Analysis
1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 5
, 20) What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain?
A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains.
B) All eukarya belong to one domain.
C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain.
D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain.
E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
21) Which of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles
ȇ On the Origin of Species?
A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community.
B) The book was banned from schools.
C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated.
D) The ȇ authorship was disputed.
E) The book was discredited by most scientists.
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking?
A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now.
C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution.
D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place.
E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring.
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) ȇ finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate which of the following?
A) mutation frequency
B) ancestors from different regions
C) adaptive radiation
D) vestigial anatomic structures
E) the accuracy of the fossil record
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
24) Which of the following categories of organisms is least likely to be revised?
A) kingdom
B) class
C) order
D) phylum
E) species
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
6 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
,25) What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi?
A) gaining nutrition through ingestion
B) being sedentary
C) being prokaryotic
D) absorbing dissolved nutrients
E) being decomposers of dead organisms
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
26) What are archaea?
A) Prokaryotes characterized as extremophiles that share some bacterial and some
eukaryotic traits.
B) Organisms that are adapted to high temperature environments, such as in volcanic
springs.
C) Single-celled organisms that are killed by the application of antibiotics at certain
concentrations.
D) Bacteria-like organisms that can live only in extreme salt environments.
E) Primitive protist-like creatures possessing fewer than two chromosomes per cell.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
27) According to Darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for
evolutionary success?
A) the species with the longest life
B) the individuals within a population that have the greatest reproductive success
C) the phylum with members that occupy the greatest number of habitats
D) the community of organisms that is capable of living in the most nutrient -poor
biome
E) the organism that produces its own nutrients most efficiently
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
28) Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficiently
recorded by scientists in which field(s) of study?
A) paleontology
B) paleontology and anatomy
C) paleontology, anatomy, and taxonomy
D) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, and genetics
E) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, genetics, and ecology
Answer: E
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life 7
, 29) Why is the theme of evolution considered to be the core theme of biology by biologists?
A) It provides a framework within which all biological investigation makes sense.
B) It is recognized as the core theme of biology by organizations such as the National
Science Foundation.
C) Controversy about this theory provides a basis for a great deal of experimental
research.
D) Since it cannot be proven, biologists will be able to study evolutionary possibilities
for many years.
E) Biologists do not subscribe to alternative models.
Answer: A
Topic: Concept 1.2
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
30) The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as
accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as
A) hypothesis-based science.
B) discovery science.
C) experimental science.
D) quantitative science.
E) qualitative science.
Answer: B
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
31) Collecting data based on observation is an example of ________; analyzing this data to
reach a conclusion is an example of ________ reasoning.
A) hypothesis-based science; inductive
B) the process of science; deductive
C) discovery science; inductive
D) descriptive science; deductive
E) hypothesis-based science; deductive
Answer: C
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
32) When applying the process of science, which of these is tested?
A) a question
B) a result
C) an observation
D) a prediction
E) a hypothesis
Answer: D
Topic: Concept 1.3
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8 1, Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
