NURS 243 - EXAM 1 - GENETICS, EPIGENETICS, AND CONGENITAL DISORDERS (2 OF 8) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ELABORATIONS!!

NURS 243 - EXAM 1 - GENETICS, EPIGENETICS, AND
CONGENITAL DISORDERS (2 OF 8) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ELABORATIONS!!
What is genetic information, what does it do, and what are the three types of
genetic information?
answers: - Genetic information is the blueprint for how our cells develop.
- It directs the function of our cells
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), Ribonucleic Acid (RNA), and genes
Differentiate between DNA and RNA


answers: DNA is the double helix, genetic code, blueprint to make cells. RNA
USES DNA as a TEMPLATE to string together amino acids to make proteins
What is chromatin?


answers: DNA molecules that regulate genetic transcription
What are histones?


answers: Proteins that influence how DNA is organized or coiled
What is the difference between chromatin and histones?


answers: Chromatin makes up chromosomes. Histones tell the body how to fold
DNA, what pattern to fold it in.
What influences how genes are expressed?


answers: Depending on how it's folded, what's open, what's closed
What is Remodeling?

, answers: (tightly packed DNA may be inaccessible during replication) Changes to
DNA structure to make DNA accessible and change DNA expression.
What is a Genotype?


answers: The genetic makeup of an individual cell or organism (CODING)
What is a Phenotype?


answers: The observable physical traits associated with a specific genotype
What is a Locus?


answers: Where the gene is located on the chromosome (particular position on
DNA sequence)
What are alleles?


answers: One of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a
segment of bases) at a given genomic location
What is mRNA?


answers: Messenger RNA. Single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis
(CARRIES INFORMATION)
Two different Alleles =
Two of the same Alleles =


answers: - Heterozygous
- Homozygous
What is the difference between transcription and translation?