ATI PN COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM 2025 WITH NGN ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. Question:
What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?
A) Secretion of hormones
B) Filtration of blood to produce urine
C) Storage of urine
D) Reabsorption of glucose
Answer: B) Filtration of blood to produce urine
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. Its primary
role is the filtration of blood, removing waste products and excess
substances, which are then excreted as urine. It also plays a role in
reabsorption and secretion, but the main function is filtration.
2. Question:
Which of the following is a primary function of the liver?
A) Regulation of blood glucose levels
B) Production of red blood cells
C) Filtration of lymph
D) Storage of bile
Answer: A) Regulation of blood glucose levels
Rationale: The liver is involved in various functions, including the
regulation of blood glucose through glycogen storage and release.
While it does produce bile, it does not store it; bile is stored in the
gallbladder.
,3. Question:
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic life functions
such as heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Hippocampus
D) Cerebrum
Answer: B) Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and is
responsible for controlling autonomic functions such as heart rate,
respiration, and blood pressure. The cerebrum controls higher cognitive
functions, and the cerebellum is responsible for motor control.
4. Question:
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in
the blood?
A) Insulin
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Estrogen
D) Glucagon
Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands
and regulates calcium levels in the blood. It increases calcium levels by
promoting the release of calcium from bones, absorption from the
intestines, and conservation by the kidneys.
, 5. Question:
What is the role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
A) To filter air
B) To warm and moisten air
C) To facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood
D) To produce mucus
Answer: C) To facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood
Rationale: The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is
exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood. This gas exchange occurs
through the alveolar walls, which are thin and have a large surface area
to optimize diffusion.
6. Question:
Which of the following best describes homeostasis?
A) A process where the body grows and develops
B) A state of constant change in the body
C) The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external
changes
D) The elimination of waste products from the body
Answer: C) The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite
external changes
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to maintain a stable
internal environment, such as temperature, pH, and glucose levels,
despite changes in the external environment. This is essential for
optimal cellular function.
PHYSIOLOGY 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
1. Question:
What is the primary function of the nephron in the kidney?
A) Secretion of hormones
B) Filtration of blood to produce urine
C) Storage of urine
D) Reabsorption of glucose
Answer: B) Filtration of blood to produce urine
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. Its primary
role is the filtration of blood, removing waste products and excess
substances, which are then excreted as urine. It also plays a role in
reabsorption and secretion, but the main function is filtration.
2. Question:
Which of the following is a primary function of the liver?
A) Regulation of blood glucose levels
B) Production of red blood cells
C) Filtration of lymph
D) Storage of bile
Answer: A) Regulation of blood glucose levels
Rationale: The liver is involved in various functions, including the
regulation of blood glucose through glycogen storage and release.
While it does produce bile, it does not store it; bile is stored in the
gallbladder.
,3. Question:
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic life functions
such as heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Hippocampus
D) Cerebrum
Answer: B) Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata is located in the brainstem and is
responsible for controlling autonomic functions such as heart rate,
respiration, and blood pressure. The cerebrum controls higher cognitive
functions, and the cerebellum is responsible for motor control.
4. Question:
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in
the blood?
A) Insulin
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Estrogen
D) Glucagon
Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands
and regulates calcium levels in the blood. It increases calcium levels by
promoting the release of calcium from bones, absorption from the
intestines, and conservation by the kidneys.
, 5. Question:
What is the role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
A) To filter air
B) To warm and moisten air
C) To facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood
D) To produce mucus
Answer: C) To facilitate gas exchange between the air and blood
Rationale: The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is
exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood. This gas exchange occurs
through the alveolar walls, which are thin and have a large surface area
to optimize diffusion.
6. Question:
Which of the following best describes homeostasis?
A) A process where the body grows and develops
B) A state of constant change in the body
C) The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external
changes
D) The elimination of waste products from the body
Answer: C) The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite
external changes
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to maintain a stable
internal environment, such as temperature, pH, and glucose levels,
despite changes in the external environment. This is essential for
optimal cellular function.
