QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024-2025
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Which of the following would allow you to visualize the internal structure of a mitochondrion
with the highest level of resolution?
A: Visible light microscopy
B: Confocal fluorescence microscopy
C: Transmission electron microscopy
D: Scanning electron microscopy – ANSWER C: Transmission electron microscopy
Oxidative metabolism of glucose includes both substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative
phosphorylation. Which of the following is a property of oxidative phosphorylation, but NOT
substrate-level phosphorylation?
A: ATP synthesis is coupled to a highly exergonic reaction.
B: ATP synthesis is generated by transfer of a phosphate from another organic molecule to ADP
C: The energy for ATP synthesis is derived from redox reactions
D: ATP is generated by directly attaching inorganic phosphate to ADP. – ANSWER C: The
energy for ATP synthesis is derived from redox reactions.
Which of the following lipids would be found mostly on the extracellular leaflet of a typical
(non-apoptotic) eukaryotic cell's plasma membrane?
A: Phosphatidylcholine
B: Phosphatidylinositol
C: Phosphatidylserine
D: All of the above – ANSWER A: Phosphatidylcholine
Which of the following modificiations does NOT occur in the Golgi apparatus?
A: Addition of O-linked carbohydrates
B: Addition of a mannose-6-phosphate ring
C: Ubiquitylation of lysines
D: Proteolytic trimming – ANSWER C: Ubiquitylation of lysines
, Which of the following could allow an otherwise non-spontaneous reaction to take place in a
cell?
A: Decreasing reactant concentration
B: Increasing product concentration
C: Coupling the reaction to the hydrolysis of ATP
D: Having an enzyme catalyze the reaction – ANSWER C: Coupling the reaction to the
hydrolysis of ATP
Many gene regulatory proteins or transcription factors act as dimers. Which of the following is
NOT a direct result of this?
A: Sequence recognition can occur on two adjacent major grooves.
B: The recognized sequences are typically palindromes.
C: Transcription factors can be regulated by cellular localization.
D: The length of sequence recognized on genomic DNA can be doubled – ANSWER C:
Transcription factors can be regulated by cellular localization.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of metabolic cycles?
A: Multiple entry points for alternative metabolic substrates
B: Productions of intermediate metabolites that can be used by the cell for other purposes.
C: More energy can be extracted than from linear pathways
D: Presence of multiple regulatory points – ANSWER C: More energy can be extracted than
from linear pathways
Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is/are TRUE?
A: The cyclin proteins are expressed only during specific times of the cell cycle.
B: The cyclin-dependent kinases are expressed throughout the cell cycle, but only active during
specific times.
C: The cell cycle can be regulated by both environmental stimuli and intracellular conditions.
D: The cell cycle has multiple checkpoints.
E: All of the above. – ANSWER E: All of the above
Cadherins are an important class of molecules that helps cells stick together. Which is NOT true
about them?
A: They bind via homotypic interactions
B: They are transmembrane proteins that cross the plasma membrane
C: They require calcium to bind
D: They are secreted proteins – ANSWER D: They are secreted proteins