NURG 533 Patho Module 8: Gastrointestinal
1. herniations of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall, espe- cially the sigmoid colon. pouch-like
protrusions that form at weakened points of gastric mucosa--> seen most often in the sigmoid colon; can trap
small particles of food (seeds) and when they become inflamed--->diverticulitis occurs: diverticula
2. asymptomatic diverticular disease.: Diverticulosis
3. the inflammatory stage of diverticulosis. The most common site for divertic- ula to occur is the sigmoid colon/
the left colon and the right colon: diverticulitis
4. What is the role of salivary a-amylase?: An enzyme that initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth and stomach
5. What are carbohydrates broken into?: monosaccharides and disaccharides
6. What is paralytic ileus? and what causes it?: Loss of peristaltic moto activity in intestine; associated with
abdominal surgery, peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, hy- pokalemia, ischemic bowel, spinal trauma, pneumonia,
neuropathies, or myopathies
7. Infants diagnosed with meconium ileus should be checked for: cystic fibrosis
8. The small intestine lacks a normal posterior fixation because it only has a rudimentary attachment near the
origin of the superior mesenteric artery. The colon remains in the RUQ where an abnormal membrane/band
called a periduodenal band may press on and obstruct the duodenum. The mobile
loops of the intestine can twist upon themselves (volvulus) from the duodenal junction to the middle of the transve
colon. The twisting can partially or completely occlude the superior mesenteric artery.: intestinal malrotation
9. What phenomenon fails to occur in infants with intestinal malrotation?: Dur- ing embryonic development, the
ileum and cecum normally rotate so the cecum is in the right lower quadrant, fixed to the abdomen by the mesentery,
this does not occur with malrotation
10.Why do esophageal varices form in patients with portal hypertension?: - Varices form from prolonged
elevation of pressure in the hepatic portal veins which causes collateral veins to open between the portal vein and
systemic vein. They are distended, tortuous, collateral veins. Long term portal hypertension can cause these varices.
11.What is the most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension?-
: Vomiting blood from bleeding esophageal varices
12.protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal muscles or through the inguinal ring: hernia
13.peritoneal irritation from surgery or trauma leads to formation of fibrin and adhesions that attach to
intestine, omentum, or peritoneum and can cause traction and obstruction; most common in small intestine:
1/
5
, NURG 533 Patho Module 8: Gastrointestinal
constriction from adhesion
2/
5
1. herniations of mucosa through the muscle layers of the colon wall, espe- cially the sigmoid colon. pouch-like
protrusions that form at weakened points of gastric mucosa--> seen most often in the sigmoid colon; can trap
small particles of food (seeds) and when they become inflamed--->diverticulitis occurs: diverticula
2. asymptomatic diverticular disease.: Diverticulosis
3. the inflammatory stage of diverticulosis. The most common site for divertic- ula to occur is the sigmoid colon/
the left colon and the right colon: diverticulitis
4. What is the role of salivary a-amylase?: An enzyme that initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth and stomach
5. What are carbohydrates broken into?: monosaccharides and disaccharides
6. What is paralytic ileus? and what causes it?: Loss of peristaltic moto activity in intestine; associated with
abdominal surgery, peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, hy- pokalemia, ischemic bowel, spinal trauma, pneumonia,
neuropathies, or myopathies
7. Infants diagnosed with meconium ileus should be checked for: cystic fibrosis
8. The small intestine lacks a normal posterior fixation because it only has a rudimentary attachment near the
origin of the superior mesenteric artery. The colon remains in the RUQ where an abnormal membrane/band
called a periduodenal band may press on and obstruct the duodenum. The mobile
loops of the intestine can twist upon themselves (volvulus) from the duodenal junction to the middle of the transve
colon. The twisting can partially or completely occlude the superior mesenteric artery.: intestinal malrotation
9. What phenomenon fails to occur in infants with intestinal malrotation?: Dur- ing embryonic development, the
ileum and cecum normally rotate so the cecum is in the right lower quadrant, fixed to the abdomen by the mesentery,
this does not occur with malrotation
10.Why do esophageal varices form in patients with portal hypertension?: - Varices form from prolonged
elevation of pressure in the hepatic portal veins which causes collateral veins to open between the portal vein and
systemic vein. They are distended, tortuous, collateral veins. Long term portal hypertension can cause these varices.
11.What is the most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension?-
: Vomiting blood from bleeding esophageal varices
12.protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal muscles or through the inguinal ring: hernia
13.peritoneal irritation from surgery or trauma leads to formation of fibrin and adhesions that attach to
intestine, omentum, or peritoneum and can cause traction and obstruction; most common in small intestine:
1/
5
, NURG 533 Patho Module 8: Gastrointestinal
constriction from adhesion
2/
5
