Non Congenital Heart Defects
1. what are the 4 layers of the heart in order?: pericardial sac, epicardium, myocardium,
endocardium
2. what is pericarditis?: inflammation of pericardium
3. the nurse knows pericarditis is swelling and irritation to the...: pericardial sac
4. - idiopathic
- infectious: viral, bacterial, and fungal infections
- noninfectious: autoimmune diseases, trauma or injury, neoplastic: pericardi- tis risk factors
5. - acute
- chronic
- recurrent
- chest pressure
- SOB
- anxiety/restlessness
- ST segment elevation
- pulsus paradoxus
- pericardial friction rub: s/s pericarditis
6. what are the 3 complications of pericarditis?: pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade,
becks triad
7. what are the 3 parts of becks triad which can be a complication of pericardi- tis?: jugular vein
distention, muffled heart sounds, hypotension
8. - inflammation of pericardium
- pericardial effusion (fluid accumulation in pericardial sac)
- increase intrapericardial pressure
- compression of the heart
- decrease ventricular filling and emptying: pericarditis patho
, Non Congenital Heart Defects
9. what is pericardial effusion?: fluid accumulation in pericardial sac
10.in pericarditis what causes decreased ventricular filling and empyting?: - pericardial effusion
leads to increased intrapericardial pressure leads to compres- sion of heart
11.Vital signs
- Fever, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, pulsus paradoxus & chest pain Respiratory
- Pericardial friction rub & muffled heart sounds Cardiac
- ST elevation: s/s pericarditis
12.what is the respiratory and cardiac s/s of pericarditis?: pericardial friction rub, muffled heart
sounds, ST elevation
, Non Congenital Heart Defects
13.ECG, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, Troponin, WBC, blood cultures: peri- carditis diagnostics
14.- Viral, bacterial and fungal infections
- Autoimmune diseases
- Recent trauma or injury Cancer: pericarditis history
15.what is the job of the pericardium or pericardial cavity and pericardial sac?: fluid that
lubricates heart and provides cushion so we do not feel it
16.what are the 6 vital sign s/s of pericarditis?: fever, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea,
pulsus paradoxus, chest pain
17.what is the most common cause and biggest risk factor of developing pericarditis?:
idiopathic
18.what is the #1 s/s of acute pericarditis?: chest pressure/sharp chest pain
19.what exacerbates the chest pressure in pericarditis?: breathing, coughing
20.what is the main difference between MI and pericarditis as the s/s are very similar?: pericarditis
chest pain increases when breathing, MI does not
21.what is pulsus paradoxus?: on inspiration 10 point drop in systolic BP
22.heart sound on auscultation, 30% of pericarditis cases have this, rubbing sound on heart:
pericardial friction rub
23.what are the 5 treatment options of pericarditis?: aspirin/NSAIDS, colchicine,
corticosteroids, antimicrobial therapy, pericardiocentesis
24.why would colchicine be used to treat pericarditis?: in combo w aspirin and steroids decreases
inflammation
25.obstruction of the heart so it can not beat or contract anymore: cardiac tamponade
26.what causes cardiac tamponade?: pericardial effusion or increased pressure on heart
27.what is the best treatment of cardiac tamponade or pericardial effusion?-
: pericardiocentesis
28.in terms of the heart and circulatory system, what increases and what de- creases from
1. what are the 4 layers of the heart in order?: pericardial sac, epicardium, myocardium,
endocardium
2. what is pericarditis?: inflammation of pericardium
3. the nurse knows pericarditis is swelling and irritation to the...: pericardial sac
4. - idiopathic
- infectious: viral, bacterial, and fungal infections
- noninfectious: autoimmune diseases, trauma or injury, neoplastic: pericardi- tis risk factors
5. - acute
- chronic
- recurrent
- chest pressure
- SOB
- anxiety/restlessness
- ST segment elevation
- pulsus paradoxus
- pericardial friction rub: s/s pericarditis
6. what are the 3 complications of pericarditis?: pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade,
becks triad
7. what are the 3 parts of becks triad which can be a complication of pericardi- tis?: jugular vein
distention, muffled heart sounds, hypotension
8. - inflammation of pericardium
- pericardial effusion (fluid accumulation in pericardial sac)
- increase intrapericardial pressure
- compression of the heart
- decrease ventricular filling and emptying: pericarditis patho
, Non Congenital Heart Defects
9. what is pericardial effusion?: fluid accumulation in pericardial sac
10.in pericarditis what causes decreased ventricular filling and empyting?: - pericardial effusion
leads to increased intrapericardial pressure leads to compres- sion of heart
11.Vital signs
- Fever, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, pulsus paradoxus & chest pain Respiratory
- Pericardial friction rub & muffled heart sounds Cardiac
- ST elevation: s/s pericarditis
12.what is the respiratory and cardiac s/s of pericarditis?: pericardial friction rub, muffled heart
sounds, ST elevation
, Non Congenital Heart Defects
13.ECG, chest x-ray, echocardiogram, Troponin, WBC, blood cultures: peri- carditis diagnostics
14.- Viral, bacterial and fungal infections
- Autoimmune diseases
- Recent trauma or injury Cancer: pericarditis history
15.what is the job of the pericardium or pericardial cavity and pericardial sac?: fluid that
lubricates heart and provides cushion so we do not feel it
16.what are the 6 vital sign s/s of pericarditis?: fever, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea,
pulsus paradoxus, chest pain
17.what is the most common cause and biggest risk factor of developing pericarditis?:
idiopathic
18.what is the #1 s/s of acute pericarditis?: chest pressure/sharp chest pain
19.what exacerbates the chest pressure in pericarditis?: breathing, coughing
20.what is the main difference between MI and pericarditis as the s/s are very similar?: pericarditis
chest pain increases when breathing, MI does not
21.what is pulsus paradoxus?: on inspiration 10 point drop in systolic BP
22.heart sound on auscultation, 30% of pericarditis cases have this, rubbing sound on heart:
pericardial friction rub
23.what are the 5 treatment options of pericarditis?: aspirin/NSAIDS, colchicine,
corticosteroids, antimicrobial therapy, pericardiocentesis
24.why would colchicine be used to treat pericarditis?: in combo w aspirin and steroids decreases
inflammation
25.obstruction of the heart so it can not beat or contract anymore: cardiac tamponade
26.what causes cardiac tamponade?: pericardial effusion or increased pressure on heart
27.what is the best treatment of cardiac tamponade or pericardial effusion?-
: pericardiocentesis
28.in terms of the heart and circulatory system, what increases and what de- creases from
