CSCC Psychology 1100 Final Exam 234
Questions and Answers
Study of behavior and mental processes -
✅Psychology
The __________ approach emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives
(such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.
Practitioners of this approach believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the
unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave. -
✅Psychodynamic
The ___________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and
their environmental determinants. It focuses on an organism's visible behaviors, not thoughts or
feelings. -
✅Behavioral
The _________ approach emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth,
and the freedom to choose one's destiny. -
✅Humanistic
The _________ approach emphasizes the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our
attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. -
✅Cognitive
Some psychologists emphasize an __________ approach that uses evolutionary ideas such as
adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
-
✅Evolutionary
Some psychologists examine behavior and mental processes through the ___________ approach,
which is a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. -
✅Biological
,The __________ approach examines the influences of social and cultural environments on behavior.
-
✅Sociocultural
Most of the studies psychologists publish in research journals follow the _______ ________, which
may be summarized in these five steps:
Observing some phenomenon
Formulating hypotheses and predictions
Testing through empirical research
Drawing conclusions
Evaluating conclusions -
✅Scientific Method
A ________ is anything that can change -
✅Variable
A _______ is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations. They
seek to explain why certain things are as they are or why they have happened, and can be used to
make predictions about future observations. -
✅Theory
A _______ is a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory. A theory can generate many
of these. If more and more _________ related to a theory turn out to be true, the theory gains in
credibility. -
✅Hypothesis
_______ research is interested in discovering relationships between variables. -
✅Correlational.
The degree of relationship between two variables is expressed as a numerical value called a
correlational coefficient, which is most commonly represented by the letter r. The correlation
coefficient is a statistic that tells us two things about the relationship between two variables—its
, strength and its direction. The value of a correlation always falls between −1.00 and +1.00. The
number or magnitude of the correlation tells us about the strength of the relationship. The closer
the number is to ±1.00, the stronger the relationship. The sign (+ or −) tells us about the direction of
the relationship between the variables. A positive sign means that as one variable increases, the
other also increases, or as one decreases the other does as well. When variables are positively
correlated, they change in the same direction. A negative sign means that as one variable increases,
the other decreases. Negatively correlated variables change together but do so in the opposite
direction. A zero correlation means that there is no systematic relationship between the variables.
__________ research involves finding out about the basic dimensions of some variable. -
✅Descriptive
A _____ ______ is an in-depth look at a single individual. -
✅Case study
A related method that is especially useful when information from many people is needed is a
________, or questionnaire, which presents a standard set of questions, or items, to obtain people's
self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic. -
✅Survey.
Surveys can measure only what people think about themselves. Furthermore, people do not always
know the truth about themselves. If you were answering a survey that asked, "Are you a generous
person?" how might your answer compare to that of a friend who is asked to make that same rating
about you? One particular problem with surveys and interviews is the tendency of participants to
answer questions in a way that will make them look good rather than in a way that communicates
what they truly think or feel. Another challenge in survey construction is that when questionnaires
are used to operationally define variables, it is crucial that the items precisely probe the specific
topic of interest and not some other characteristic. The language used in surveys therefore must be
clear and understandable if the responses are to reflect the participants' actual feelings.
An ________ is a data-gathering methodology that involves a standard set of questions asked in the
same manner and order. For example, when doing research, you may do this instead of asking them
to fill out a questionnaire. -
✅Interview
The observation of behavior in a real-world setting. -
✅Naturalistic observation
Questions and Answers
Study of behavior and mental processes -
✅Psychology
The __________ approach emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives
(such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.
Practitioners of this approach believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the
unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave. -
✅Psychodynamic
The ___________ approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and
their environmental determinants. It focuses on an organism's visible behaviors, not thoughts or
feelings. -
✅Behavioral
The _________ approach emphasizes a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth,
and the freedom to choose one's destiny. -
✅Humanistic
The _________ approach emphasizes the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our
attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. -
✅Cognitive
Some psychologists emphasize an __________ approach that uses evolutionary ideas such as
adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
-
✅Evolutionary
Some psychologists examine behavior and mental processes through the ___________ approach,
which is a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. -
✅Biological
,The __________ approach examines the influences of social and cultural environments on behavior.
-
✅Sociocultural
Most of the studies psychologists publish in research journals follow the _______ ________, which
may be summarized in these five steps:
Observing some phenomenon
Formulating hypotheses and predictions
Testing through empirical research
Drawing conclusions
Evaluating conclusions -
✅Scientific Method
A ________ is anything that can change -
✅Variable
A _______ is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations. They
seek to explain why certain things are as they are or why they have happened, and can be used to
make predictions about future observations. -
✅Theory
A _______ is a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory. A theory can generate many
of these. If more and more _________ related to a theory turn out to be true, the theory gains in
credibility. -
✅Hypothesis
_______ research is interested in discovering relationships between variables. -
✅Correlational.
The degree of relationship between two variables is expressed as a numerical value called a
correlational coefficient, which is most commonly represented by the letter r. The correlation
coefficient is a statistic that tells us two things about the relationship between two variables—its
, strength and its direction. The value of a correlation always falls between −1.00 and +1.00. The
number or magnitude of the correlation tells us about the strength of the relationship. The closer
the number is to ±1.00, the stronger the relationship. The sign (+ or −) tells us about the direction of
the relationship between the variables. A positive sign means that as one variable increases, the
other also increases, or as one decreases the other does as well. When variables are positively
correlated, they change in the same direction. A negative sign means that as one variable increases,
the other decreases. Negatively correlated variables change together but do so in the opposite
direction. A zero correlation means that there is no systematic relationship between the variables.
__________ research involves finding out about the basic dimensions of some variable. -
✅Descriptive
A _____ ______ is an in-depth look at a single individual. -
✅Case study
A related method that is especially useful when information from many people is needed is a
________, or questionnaire, which presents a standard set of questions, or items, to obtain people's
self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic. -
✅Survey.
Surveys can measure only what people think about themselves. Furthermore, people do not always
know the truth about themselves. If you were answering a survey that asked, "Are you a generous
person?" how might your answer compare to that of a friend who is asked to make that same rating
about you? One particular problem with surveys and interviews is the tendency of participants to
answer questions in a way that will make them look good rather than in a way that communicates
what they truly think or feel. Another challenge in survey construction is that when questionnaires
are used to operationally define variables, it is crucial that the items precisely probe the specific
topic of interest and not some other characteristic. The language used in surveys therefore must be
clear and understandable if the responses are to reflect the participants' actual feelings.
An ________ is a data-gathering methodology that involves a standard set of questions asked in the
same manner and order. For example, when doing research, you may do this instead of asking them
to fill out a questionnaire. -
✅Interview
The observation of behavior in a real-world setting. -
✅Naturalistic observation
