AP HUG Exam Complete Questions With Actual Correct Answers.

Devolution - correct answer the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states/local gov't (Scots in Great Britain) Irredentism - correct answer The policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state. (Germany & Sudetenland) Centripetal - correct answer forces within a state that unify people Centrifugal - correct answer forces within a state that divide people Site - correct answer physical characteristics of a place Situation - correct answer the location of a place relative to other places Mercator Projection - correct answer shows shape and direction, distorts distance and size Robinson Projection - correct answer Projection that attempts to balance several possible projection errors. It does not maintain completely accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it minimizes errors in each. Peters Map Projection - correct answer equal area map projection that accurately shows size but distorts shape Epidemiological Transition Model - correct answer 1. pestilence and famine 2. receding pandemics 3. degenerative and human created diseases 4. delayed degenerative disease 5. reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases Rostow's Stages of Development - correct answer 1) traditional society: subsistence ag, intensive labor, little trade, wealth allocated to military/religion 2) preconditions to take-off: elite group initiates development by investing in tech/infrastructure -- commercialization of ag 3) take-off: increasing industrialization, unskilled laborers, foreign investment increases 4) drive to maturity: develops broad manufacturing and commercial base, diversified industry, more tech 5) age of high mass consumption: consumerism, secondary -- tertiary Von Thunen's Model - correct answer Central Place Theory - correct answer A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. Concentric Zone Model - correct answer Sector Model - correct answer Multiple Nuclei Model - correct answer Galactic City Model - correct answer Latin American City Model - correct answer Gravity Model - correct answer the interaction between two places can be determined based on population and distance Metes and Bounds - correct answer survey method using landmarks Long Lots - correct answer houses erected on narrow lots perpendicular to a long river, so that each original settler had equal river access Township and Range - correct answer based upon lines of latitude and longitude GIS - correct answer a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data GPS - correct answer determines the precise position of something on Earth's surface through the use of satellites Remote Sensing - correct answer acquisition of date about Earth's surface remotely (airplane/drone/satellite) that shows vegetation, surface cover, winter ice cover, deforestation, etc BRICS/NICs - correct answer Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa are all developing or newly industrialised countries, but they are distinguished by their large, fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional and global affairs Asian Tigers - correct answer the highly developed economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan Megacity - correct answer city with more than 10 million people Metacity - correct answer a city with a population over 20 million World City - correct answer dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy; not the world's biggest city in terms of population or industrial output, but rather centers of strategic control of the world economy (London, Tokyo, NYC) Primate City - correct answer a city that dominates a country's economy, culture, and government and in which population is concentrated; usually the capital Rank-Size Rule - correct answer the country's nth-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement (4th biggest city is 1/4th the pop of the biggest city) Formal Region - correct answer an area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics (the French-speaking region of Canada, the dairying region of North America) Functional Region - correct answer an area organized around a node or focal point (NY Times w/NYC as the node) Vernacular Region - correct answer an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity ("the South") Least Cost Theory - correct answer owners minimize manufacturing costs through transportation, labor, and agglomeration Weight-Losing Industry - correct answer an industry that manufactures a small-sized product from large-sized raw materials Weight-Gaining Industry - correct answer industry where finished product weighs more than raw materials Language - correct answer Indo European -- Germanic -- West Germanic -- English -- Northeastern -- Boston Accent Immigration Waves - correct answer -colonial (): Great Britain & Africa -early immigration (): Germany, Italy, UK, Ireland, Russia -1st Peak (1840s-1850s): N & W Europe (esp G &