BIOS 255 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
ALL BELOW IS ON THE EXAM!! I passed with 100%
1. Negative feedback mechanism Body senses change and activate mechanisms that reverse it
2. Positive feedback mechanism Increases effect of stimulus continuously
3. Beneath the epithelial tissue is the basement membrane
4. 3 types of protein in connective tissue Collagen (thick), elastic, reticular (thin)
5. Merocrine (eccrine) glands Sweat glands, widely distributed over the body
6. Apocrine glands Sweat glands that function as scent glands, opens by ducts in hair follicles
7. Sebaceous glands Secrete sebum (oil) into hair follicles
8. Osteoblasts Build bone
9. Osteoclasts Break down bone
10. Endochondral ossification - hardening of cartilage into bone, formation of long bones
a. Development of cartilage model, mesenchymal cells differentiate chondrocytes
b. Growth of cartilage, perichondrium form
c. Perichondrium transforms into periosteum, the primary ossification center in the diaphysis
d. Cartilage and chondrocytes continue to grow at the end of bones
e. Secondary ossification enters the epiphysis
f. Articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
11. Disphysis Short end of bone
12. Epiphysis End of long bone
13. Knee joint is a hinge joint
14. Sarcomere Unit of muscle responsible for contraction
15. What is the effect of AcH attaching to its receptor? AcH can cause an action potential, or it
could activate a secondary messenger system
16. Muscle excitation:
a. AcH is released from the axon terminal and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma
b. The action potential is generated and travels down T tubule
c. Ca is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to changes in voltage
d. Ca binds to troponin, cross bridges form between actin and myosin
ALL BELOW IS ON THE EXAM!! I passed with 100%
1. Negative feedback mechanism Body senses change and activate mechanisms that reverse it
2. Positive feedback mechanism Increases effect of stimulus continuously
3. Beneath the epithelial tissue is the basement membrane
4. 3 types of protein in connective tissue Collagen (thick), elastic, reticular (thin)
5. Merocrine (eccrine) glands Sweat glands, widely distributed over the body
6. Apocrine glands Sweat glands that function as scent glands, opens by ducts in hair follicles
7. Sebaceous glands Secrete sebum (oil) into hair follicles
8. Osteoblasts Build bone
9. Osteoclasts Break down bone
10. Endochondral ossification - hardening of cartilage into bone, formation of long bones
a. Development of cartilage model, mesenchymal cells differentiate chondrocytes
b. Growth of cartilage, perichondrium form
c. Perichondrium transforms into periosteum, the primary ossification center in the diaphysis
d. Cartilage and chondrocytes continue to grow at the end of bones
e. Secondary ossification enters the epiphysis
f. Articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
11. Disphysis Short end of bone
12. Epiphysis End of long bone
13. Knee joint is a hinge joint
14. Sarcomere Unit of muscle responsible for contraction
15. What is the effect of AcH attaching to its receptor? AcH can cause an action potential, or it
could activate a secondary messenger system
16. Muscle excitation:
a. AcH is released from the axon terminal and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma
b. The action potential is generated and travels down T tubule
c. Ca is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to changes in voltage
d. Ca binds to troponin, cross bridges form between actin and myosin
