complete solutions (2024-2025)
What kare kthe kindications kfor ka kporcelain kfused kto kmetal kcrown k- kANS✓✓-
when knatural ktooth kappearance kis krequired k
when kmaximum kprotection kis kneeded kfor kworn, kbroken kdown kteeth kand
kheavily krestored kteeth kand kendodontically ktreated kteeth
when kother kmore kconservative krestorations klack ksufficient kstructural
kdurability k
retainer kfor kremovable kpartial kdenture
high kstress ksituations klike kdeep koverbites kand kbruxism
splinting kperiodontally kweakened kteeth k
reshaping kabutment kteeth kfor kRPD
what kare kthe kcontraindications kof kgetting ka kcrown kplaced k- kANS✓✓-active
kcaries
active kperio k
financial kdifficulties k
young kchildren kwith kteeth kthat khave klarge kpulps
,subgingival kmargins
teeth kwith kinsufficient kcrown klength
what kare kthe kadvantages kof ka kPFM kcrown k- kANS✓✓-combines kthe kstrength
kof kcast kmetals kwith kthe kaesthetics kof kporcelain k
provides kmaximum kretention kand kresistance kform
complete kcoverage kof kthe kcrown kpreparation kallows kfor kcorrection kof kaxial
kform.
what kare kthe kdisadvantages kof kPFM kcrowns k- kANS✓✓-destructive
kpreparations kwith khigh ktendency kfor kpulpal ktrauma k
expensive k
increased kwear kof kopposing knatural kteeth k
inferior kaesthetics kto kall kceramic kcrowns kdue kto kspeculance kfrom kopaque
kporcelain k
porcelain kis kbrittle
what kis kthe kstructure kof ka kPFM kcrown k- kANS✓✓-metal ksubstructure k
- kbase kmetal ksystem k(0.5mm)
- khigh kgold knoble kalloy ksystem k
(0.3mm)
ceramic kveneer
- kincised kporcelain k
- kbody kporcelain
- kopaque kporcelain
, compare kbase kmetal ksystem kto khigh kgold kalloy kcontent ksystems k- kANS✓✓-
base kmetal ksystems kare kcheaper kbut khave kinferior kcasting kproperties kdue kto
kthe kunpredictable kand kuneven koxide klayer kformed kwhich kcan kcause
kporcelain kdebonding kand knickel ksensitivity k(which kpresents kas ka kred kband
karound kthe kneck kof kthe ktooth)
gold kalloy ksystems kalso khave ka kyellow kcolour kwhich kis keasier kto kmask
what kis kthe kmain kfunction kof kthe kopaque kporcelain k- kANS✓✓-- kit kmasks kthe
kcolour kof kthe kmetal
- kplays ka kkey krole kin kthe kporcelain kbonding kby kforming ka kvery kstrong koxide
kbond kwith kthe kmetal
what kis kthe kmain kfunction kof kthe kbody kporcelain k- kANS✓✓-provides kthe
kmain kcolour kof kthe kcrown
what kis kthe kmain kfunction kof kthe kincisal kporcelain k- kANS✓✓-provides kthe
ktranslucence kof kenamel kfor kaesthetics
what kare kthe kfour kkinds kof kbonding kin kmetal kceramic kbonding k- kANS✓✓-
micromechanical k
- kexists kbetween kthe kmetal kand kthe kporcelain; kliquid kporcelain kfills kin kthe
kmicroporosities kof kthe ksandblasted kmetal. k(before kforming kthe kstrong koxide
kbond)
chemical
- kat khigh ktemperatures, kthe kmetal koxides kdissolve kin kthe ksoftened kglass
kphase kof kopaque kporcelain k
molecular k
- kVan kder kwaal's kforces kof kattraction kbetween kthe kceramic kand kmetal k
compressive kforces
- kbecause kof kthe khigher kthermal kcoefficient kof kmetal kcompared kto kporcelain,
kduring kthe kheating kthen ksubsequent kcooling kdown kof kthe kcrown, kthere kis ka
kstronger kbond kformed