South University NSG6435 Final Exam / South University NSG 6435 Final Exam (2020) (Already graded A, this is latest version)

NSG6435 Final Exam / NSG 6435 Final Exam: South University South University NSG6435 Final Exam / South University NSG 6435 Final Exam 1. Which age group is most concerned with body integrity? 2. An 8-year-old girl asks the nurse how the blood pressure apparatus works. The most appropriate nursing action is to: 3. When the nurse interviews an adolescent, it is especially important to: 4. The nurse is having difficulty communicating with a hospitalized 6-year-old child. What technique might be most helpful? 5. The nurse is taking a health history on an adolescent. What best describes how the chief complaint should be determine 6. The nurse is seeing an adolescent boy and his parents in the clinic for the first time. What should the nurse do first? 7. What action is most likely to encourage parents to talk about their feelings related to their child’s illness? 8. What is the single most important factor to consider when communicating with children? 9. What is an important consideration for the nurse who is communicating with a very young child? 10. When introducing hospital equipment to a preschooler who seems afraid, the nurse’s approach should be based on which principle? 11. Where in the health history should the nurse describe all details related to the chief complaint? 12. The nurse is interviewing the mother of an infant. She reports, “I had a difficult delivery, and my baby was born prematurely.” This information should be recorded under which heading? 13. When interviewing the mother of a 3-year-old child, the nurse asks about developmental milestones such as the age of walking without assistance. This should be considered because these milestones are: 14. The nurse is taking a sexual history on an adolescent girl. The best way to determine whether she is sexually active is to: 15. When doing a nutritional assessment on an Hispanic family, the nurse learns that their diet consists mainly of vegetables, legumes, and starches. The nurse should recognize that this diet: 16. Which parameter correlates best with measurements of the body’s total protein stores? 17. An appropriate approach to performing a physical assessment on a toddler is to: 18. With the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) criteria, which body mass index (BMI)–for-age percentile indicates a risk for being overweight? 19. The nurse is using the NCHS growth chart for an African-American child. The nurse should consider that: 20. Which tool measures body fat most accurately? 21. By what age do the head and chest circumferences generally become equal? 22. The earliest age at which a satisfactory radial pulse can be taken in children is: 23. Where is the best place to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals? 24. When palpating the child’s cervical lymph nodes, the nurse notes that they are tender, enlarged, and warm. The best explanation for this is: 25. The nurse has just started assessing a young child who is febrile and appears very ill. There is hyperextension of the child’s head (opisthotonos) with pain on flexion. The most appropriate action is to: 26. The nurse should expect the anterior fontanel to close at age: 27. During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. The nurse should recognize that this is: 28. Binocularity, the ability to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously, is normally present by what age? 29. The most frequently used test for measuring visual acuity is the: 30. The nurse is testing an infant’s visual acuity. By what age should the infant be able to fix on and follow a target? 31. The appropriate placement of a tongue blade for assessment of the mouth and throat is the: 32. What type of breath sound is normally heard over the entire surface of the lungs except for the upper intrascapular area and the area beneath the manubrium? 33. What term is used to describe breath sounds that are produced as air passes through narrowed passageways? 34. The nurse must assess a child’s capillary filling time. This can be accomplished by: 35. What heart sound is produced by vibrations within the heart chambers or in the major arteries from the back-and-forth flow of blood? 36. Examination of the abdomen is performed correctly by the nurse in this order: 37. The nurse has a 2-year-old boy sit in “tailor” position during palpation for the testes. The rationale for this position is that: 38. During examination of a toddler’s extremities, the nurse notes that the child is bowlegged. The nurse should recognize that this finding is: 39. Kimberly is having a checkup before starting kindergarten. The nurse asks her to do the “finger-to-nose" test. The nurse is testing for: 40. The nurse must check vital signs on a 2-year-old boy who is brought to the clinic for his 24-month checkup. Which criteria should the nurse use in determining the appropriate-size blood pressure cuff? Choose all that apply. 41. Which data would be included in a health history? Choose all that apply 42. Which statement best describes the infant’s physical development? 43. The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old healthy infant who weighed 7 pounds at birth. The nurse should expect the infant to now weigh approximately: 44. The nurse is doing a routine assessment on a 14-month-old infant and notes that the anterior fontanel is closed. This should be interpreted as 45. By what age does the posterior fontanel usually close? 46. The parents of a 9-month-old infant tell the nurse that they have noticed foods such as peas and corn are not completely digested and can be seen in their infant’s stool. The nurse bases her explanation on knowing that: 47. A 3-month-old infant, born at 38 weeks of gestation, will hold a rattle if it is put in her hands, but she will not voluntarily grasp it. The nurse should interpret this as: 48. In terms of fine motor development, the infant of 7 months should be able to: 49. In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? 50. At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported? 51. By what age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position? 52. According to Piaget, the 6-month-old infant would be in what stage of the sensorimotor phase 53. What behavior indicates that an infant has developed object permanence? 54. Most infants begin to fear strangers at age: 55. The nurse is interviewing the father of 10-month-old Megan. She is playing on the floor when she notices an electrical outlet and reaches up to touch it. Her father says “No” firmly and removes her from near the outlet. The nurse should use this opportunity to teach the father that Megan: 56. Sara, age 4 months, was born at 35 weeks’ gestation. She seems to be developing normally, but her parents are concerned because she is a “more difficult” baby than their other child, who was term. The nurse should explain that: 57. What information could be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age? 58. An appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation is: 59. The best play activity for a 6-month-old infant to provide tactile stimulation is to: 60. At what age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli? 61. Latasha is a breastfed infant being seen in the clinic for her 6-month checkup. Her mother tells the nurse that she recently began to suck her thumb. The best nursing intervention is to: 62. Austin, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is: 63. The nurse notices that a 10-month-old infant being seen in the clinic is wearing expensive, inflexible, high-top shoes. The nurse should explain that: 64. A mother tells the nurse that she is discontinuing breastfeeding her 5-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the infant be given: 65. When is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant’s diet? 66. The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the baby’s formula faster. The nurse should recommend to: 67. Parents tell the nurse that their 1-year-old son often sleeps with them. They seem unconcerned about this. The nurse’s response should be based on knowing that: 68. The parent of 2-week-old Sarah asks the nurse if Sarah needs fluoride supplements because she is exclusively breastfed. The nurse’s best response is: 69. A mother tells the nurse that she doesn’t want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. The nurse should explain that: 70. The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs. The nurse’s reply should be based on knowing that: 71. The clinic is lending a federally approved car seat to an infant’s family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is: 72. Pacifiers can be extremely dangerous because of the frequency of use and the intensity of the infant’s suck. In teaching parents about appropriate pacifier selection, the nurse should explain that a pacifier should have which characteristics? Choose all that apply 73. In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? Choose all that apply. 74. A chest x-ray film is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, “What will the radiograph show about the heart?” The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will: 75. A complication that may occur after a cardiac catheterization is: 76. José is a 4-year-old child scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Preoperative teaching should be: 77. The nurse is caring for a school-age girl who has had a cardiac catheterization. The child tells the nurse that her bandage is “too wet.” The nurse finds the bandage and bed soaked with blood. The most appropriate initial nursing action is to: 78. Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow? 79. Which structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot? 80. What is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures? 81. A clinical manifestation of the systemic venous congestion that can occur with congestive heart failure is: 82. A beneficial effect of administering digoxin (Lanoxin) is that it: 83. Which drug is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor? 84. A common sign of digoxin toxicity is: 85. The parents of a young child with congestive heart failure tell the nurse that they are “nervous” about giving digoxin. The nurse’s response should be based on knowing that: 86. As part of the treatment for congestive heart failure, the child takes the diuretic furosemide. As part of teaching home care, the nurse encourages the family to give the child foods such as bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables. These foods are recommended because they are high in: 87. An 8-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell while blood is being drawn. The nurse’s firstaction should be to 88. The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes that a risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) exists. An important objective to decrease this risk is to: 89. Parents of a 3-year-old child with congenital heart disease are afraid to let their child play with other children because of possible overexertion. The nurse’s reply should be based on knowing that: 90. When preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery, the nurse should consider: 91. Seventy-two hours after cardiac surgery, a young child has a temperature of 37.7°C (101°F). The nurse should: 92. An important nursing consideration when suctioning a young child who has had heart surgery is to: 93. The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery. What should he or she do if evidence is found of cardiac tamponade? 94. An important nursing consideration when chest tubes will be removed from a child is to: 95. The most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis is: 96. What painful, tender, pea-sized nodules may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis? 97. The primary nursing intervention to prevent bacterial endocarditis is to: 98. A common, serious complication of rheumatic fever is: 99. A major clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever is: 100. When discussing hyperlipidemia with a group of adolescents, the nurse should explain that high levels of what substance are thought to protect against cardiovascular disease? 101. The leading cause of death after heart transplantation is: 102. When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, the nurse should know that: 103. One of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children is: 104. What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy? 105. What occurs in septic shock? 106. A child is brought to the emergency department experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting. While an airway is being established, what medication should the nurse prepare for immediate administration? 107. Nursing interventions for the child after a cardiac catheterization include (choose all that apply): 108. Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to see as shock progresses in a child and becomes decompensated shock? Choose all that apply. 109. A child is brought to the emergency department experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting. Place in correct sequence what the nurse should do after the airway has been established. Place in correct order. 110. Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections such as otitis media, tonsillitis, and upper respiratory tract infections? 111. The psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include: 112. A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says “no” to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. The nurse’s best interpretation of this behavior is that: 113. A 17-month-old child would be expected to be in what stage according to Piaget? 114. What describes a toddler’s cognitive development at age 20 months? 115. Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electrical outlet recently, her parents find her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. The best interpretation of this behavior is: 116. Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. The best interpretation of this behavior is that: 117. Which statement is correct about toilet training? 118. Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child? 119. In the clinic waiting room a nurse observes a parent showing an 18-month-old child how to make a tower out of blocks. In this situation the nurse should recognize that: 120. The parents of a newborn say that their toddler “hates the baby . . . he suggested that we put him in the trash can so the trash truck could take him away.” The nurse’s best reply is: 121. A toddler’s parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. The most appropriate recommendation is to: 122. A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. The most appropriate recommendation is to: 123. The parents of a 2-year-old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use “baby talk” since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should recommend that the parents: 124. Parents tell the nurse that their toddler daughter eats little at mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks “all the time.” The nurse should recommend that the parents: 125. A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is: 126. Developmentally most children at age 12 months: 127. The most effective way to clean a toddler’s teeth is for the: 128. The nurse is discussing with a parent group the importance of fluoride for healthy teeth. The nurse should recommend that the parents: 129. An appropriate recommendation in preventing tooth decay in young children is to: 130. The leading cause of death during the toddler period is: 131. Kimberly’s parents have been using a rearward-facing convertible car seat since she was born. Most car seats can be safely switched to the forward-facing position when the child weighs: 132. The nurse recommends to parents that peanuts are not a good snack food for toddlers. 133. The parent of 16-month-old Chris asks, “What is the best way to keep Chris from getting into our medicines at home?” The nurse should advise that: 134. The most fatal type of burn in the toddler age group is: 135. Which is characteristic of physical development of a 30-month-old child? Choose all that apply. 136. What best describes why children have fewer respiratory tract infections as they grow older? 137. Cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers are recommended in home treatment of respiratory tract infections because: 138. Decongestant nose drops are recommended for a 10-month-old infant with an upper respiratory tract infection. Instructions for nose drops should include: 139. When caring for an infant with an upper respiratory tract infection and elevated temperature, an appropriate nursing intervention is to: 140. The parent of an infant with nasopharyngitis should be instructed to notify the health professional if the infant: 141. It is generally recommended that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis can return to school: 142. A child is diagnosed with influenza, probably type A disease. Management includes: 143. Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is differentiated from acute otitis media (AOM) because it is usually characterized by: 144. Which statement is characteristic of acute otitis media (AOM)? 145. An infant’s parents ask the nurse about preventing otitis media (OM). What should the nurse recommend? 146. Which type of croup is always considered a medical emergency? 147. The nurse encourages the mother of a toddler with acute laryngotracheobronchitis to stay at the bedside as much as possible. The nurse’s rationale for this action is primarily that: 148. A school-age child has had an upper respiratory tract infection for several days and then began having a persistent dry, hacking cough that was worse at night. The cough has become productive in the past 24 hours. This is most suggestive of: 149. Skin testing for tuberculosis (the Mantoux test) is recommended: 150. The mother of a toddler yells to the nurse, “Help! He is choking to death on his food.” The nurse determines that lifesaving measures are necessary based on: 151. The nurse is caring for a child with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with sepsis. Nursing actions should include: 152. The nurse is caring for a child with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning associated with smoke inhalation. What is essential in this child’s care? 153. Asthma in infants is usually triggered by: 154. A child has a chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration. This suggests: 155. It is now recommended that children with asthma who are taking long-term inhaled steroids should be assessed frequently because they may develop: 156. b-Adrenergic agonists and methylxanthines are often prescribed for a child with an asthma attack. What is their action? 157. A parent whose two school-age children have asthma asks the nurse in what sports, if any, they can participate. The nurse should recommend: 158. Which statement expresses accurately the genetic implications of cystic fibrosis (CF)? 159. The earliest recognizable clinical manifestation(s) of cystic fibrosis (CF) is: 160. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is suspected in a toddler. Which test is essential in establishing this diagnosis? 161. A child with cystic fibrosis is receiving recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase). This drug: 162. Pancreatic enzymes are administered to the child with cystic fibrosis. Nursing considerations should include: 163. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is begun on a toddler. Which pulse is usually palpated because it is the most central and accessible? 164. Which drug is considered the most useful in treating cardiac arrest? 165. The Heimlich maneuver is recommended for airway obstruction in children older than: 166. An appropriate nursing intervention when caring for a child with pneumonia is to: 167. An infant has developed staphylococcal pneumonia. Nursing care of the child with pneumonia includes (choose all that apply): 168. The nurse is caring for a 10-month-old infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Which interventions should be included in the child’s care? Choose all that apply. 169. The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who is scheduled for a tonsillectomy in 2 hours. Which actions should the nurse include in the child’s postoperative care plan? (Choose all that apply.) 170. What would the nurse expect of a healthy 3-year-old child? 171. In terms of fine motor development, what could the 3-year-old child be expected to do? 172. In terms of cognitive development the 5-year-old child would be expected to: 173. What is descriptive of the preschooler’s understanding of time? 174. The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 4-year-old boy, Ryan. His parents tell the nurse that they will be back to visit at 6 PM. When Ryan asks the nurse when his parents are coming, the nurse’s best response is: 175. A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that he is sick because he was “bad.” The nurse’s best interpretation of this comment is that it is: 176. In terms of language and cognitive development, a 4-year-old child would be expected to: 177. Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period? 178. Imaginary playmates are beneficial to the preschool child because they: 179. Which characteristic best describes the language of a 3-year-old child? 180. By what age would the nurse expect that most children could obey prepositional phrases such as “under,” “on top of,” “beside,” and “in back of”? 181. A useful skill that the nurse should expect a 5-year-old child to be able to master is to: 182. The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a day care facility for their child. When making the selection, it is especially important to consider: 183. The parent of a 4-year-old son tells the nurse that the child believes “monsters and boogeyman” are in his bedroom at night. The nurse’s best suggestion for coping with this problem is to: 184. Preschoolers’ fears can best be dealt with by: 185. A normal characteristic of the language development of a preschool-age child is: 186. During the preschool period the emphasis of injury prevention should be placed on: 187. Acyclovir (Zovirax) is given to children with chickenpox to: 188. What may be given to high risk children after exposure to chickenpox to prevent varicella? 189. Vitamin A supplementation may be recommended for the young child who has: 190. When is a child with chickenpox considered to be no longer contagious? 191. In which communicable disease are Koplik spots present? 192. What describes a child who is abused by the parent(s)? 193. A common characteristic of those who sexually abuse children is that they: 194. A 3-month-old infant dies shortly after arrival to the emergency department. The infant has subdural and retinal hemorrhages but no external signs of trauma. The nurse should suspect: 195. Strict isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with (choose all that apply):