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Research Summary Steps

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These notes provide a comprehensive guide to conducting and presenting scientific experiments effectively. Learn the fundamentals of experimental design, including how to identify the independent and dependent variables, and how to distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data. The CER (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning) framework is broken down to help you craft a solid argument in your research, while tips for selecting the right type of graph (bar graph, line graph, or scatter plot) are also covered. Learn how to create an exemplary graph with the correct title, axes, and scale, as well as how to write a concise summary that highlights the trends and comparisons in your data. Perfect for mastering scientific analysis and presentation!

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Institution
Freshman / 9th Grade
Course
Research

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Terms and Definitions:
● IV (independent variable): the factor you can change in an experiment
● DV (dependent variable): the factor that you are measuring in an experiment
● Quantitative: measuring with numbers
● Qualitative: measuring with attributes
● Constant: factors that stay the same




How to write an exemplary CER:
● Claim: state your thesis answering your overall research question
● Evidence: provide numerical data from labs, tests, and studies
● Reasoning: provide your analysis on the evidence and how it relates to your thesis
● Conclusion (optional, not required): restate your thesis and reaffirm your standing




How to choose the correct graph:
● Bar graph: if the data contains qualitative data as an IV




● Line graph: if the data revolves around an ever increasing IV (ex: time) and the IV is also
quantitative

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Institution
Freshman / 9th grade
Course
Research
School year
1

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December 19, 2024
Number of pages
3
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Class notes
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Research summary tips
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