ARRT Bone Densitometry Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

ARRT Bone Densitometry Study online at 1. Long bones have how many types of marrow in them that are used for blood production? 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 Humans have 206 bones. There are many different types of bones. An example of a long bone is the femur. Long bones have spongy tissue inside. They have two types of marrow inside of them that is responsible for blood production. They are red and yellow marrow. 2. Osteoporosis di- agnosis in chil- dren takes into account densit- ometric criteria and: Clinical fracture history A low blood cell count A decrease in bone structure Calcifications in the aorta Clinical fracture history Based on the pediatric health assessment in children and adolescents, diagnosing osteoporosis in children involves using densitometric criteria, clinical significant fracture history and low bone mineral density or bone mineral content. A clinical fracture history may include: (a) fracture of the long bone in the lower extremity, (b) vertebral compression fracture and (c) at least two or more than two long bone fractures located in the upper extremities. 3. Antiresorptive drugs are used to: Inhibit bone removal. There are two main types of drugs used to treat osteo- porosis. They are antiresopritve drugs and bone forming drugs. Antiresorptive drugs are used to slow down bone loss progression. Bone forming drugs help to increase bone mass. Antiresorptive drugs are used to inhibit bone removal. 4. Which of the fol- lowing best de- scribes the ratio- Reproduction may not be possible at follow up During a PA spine dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, 1 / 108 ARRT Bone Densitometry Study online at nale for the tech- nologist avoid- ing the adjust- ment of the bone edges dur- ing a dual ener- gy x-ray absorp- tiometry scan? the technologist should ensure the bone edges are cor- rect. However, the technologist does not want to change the bone edges or adjust the intervertebral markers un- less he or she has to. If the bone edges or markers are adjusted, it makes it hard for reproduction at following up. If the bone edges or the intervertebral markers are ad- justed, the technologist should document these changes for future reference. 5. Which ribs are known as float- ing ribs? Ribs 11-12. There are 206 individual bones in the adult body. The bones in the body are arranged in 2 main divisions. The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column. The appen- dicular skeleton is composed of the lower limbs, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and pectoral girdle. The ribcage is created by the sternum and ribs. There are 12 pairs of ribs. The 7 top ribs are referred to as the true ribs. Ribs 8-10 are called false ribs. The bottom 2 ribs are referred to as floating ribs. Floating ribs do not have a cartilage attachment to the sternum. 6. A densitometry printout often contains: Calculated parameters A densitometry printout often contains measured para- meters, calculated parameters, the selected region of interest, the bone mineral density values and standard score comparisons. These comparisons are the standard T-scores and Z-scores. Some reports include an age-re- gression graph that shows the calculated parameters and the standard score comparisons plotted out on a graphi- cal display for the selected region of interest. 7. Estrogen is ap- proved as a drug to treat osteo- porosis. Estro- gen works to treat osteoporo- sis by: Inhibiting bone resorption The general kinds of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat or prevent osteoporosis in- clude antiresorptive agents and anabolic agents. Estro- gen, along with several bisphosphonates, calcitonin and selective estrogen receptor modulators, are classified as antiresorptive agents. These drugs stop bone resorption. 2 / 108 ARRT Bone Densitometry Study online at 8. The margin of error between the standard- ized BMD (sBMD) from two differ- ent manufactur- ers' bone den- sitometry ma- chines is up to: 3%The standardized BMD (sBMD) is an option on a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) the technologist can use to calculate bone mineral density when performing a PA of the spine or of the total hip. The standardized BMD is one way to attempt to make the BMD equal among different manufacturers of central DXA devices for comparing bone mineral density values. However, the standardized BMD is not an exact equiva- lent of BMD values for the different central devices and the technologist should expect between a 1-3% error margin. 9. An example of a selective es- trogen receptor modular drug used for the treatment of os- teoporosis is: Raloxifene Raloxifene, brand name Evista, is a drug used for treating and preventing osteoporosis. This drug is classified as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) and works like estrogen, a hormone made in the woman's body, to increase bone thickness or density. Raloxifene was approved by the FDA in 1997 as a drug for preventing osteoporosis. Then, in 1999, the FDA ap- proved raloxifene for the treatment of osteoporosis. Side effects of this medication may include hot flashes, cramp- ing in the legs, swelling in the extremities, such as the hands, ankles and lower legs, pain in the joints and prob- lems falling asleep. The remaining answer choices, alendronate, risedronate and ibandronate, are common bisphosphonate drugs used to treat osteoporosis. 10. What is the most common form of osteoporosis? Primary. Osteoporosis is a condition that will cause the bones to become brittle and weak. There are 4 main types of osteoporosis. They are primary, secondary, osteogenesis imperfecta, and idiopathic juvenile. Primary is the most common type. It is most commonly found in women. 11. Which of the fol- lowing is a point of reference for the T-score? Population mean peak bone mass The population mean peak bone mass is a source of reference for the T-score. A population mean peak bone mass is calculated based on a group or community of 3 / 108 ARRT Bone Densitometry Study online at people based on specific characteristics. The T-score is compared to the population mean peak bone mass. Fur- ther, the peak bone mass is the maximum bone mass. This maximum bone mass is typically reached by the ages of 30 to 35. 12. What is an osteo- clast? Cell.Osteoclasts are cells. They break down the bone. When they get a signal, their next action is to enter the bones and secrete enzymes. These enzymes are used to break down minerals and collagen. They do not damage the bone. 13. During the quality control process for a DXA system, the phantom helps establish: Baseline values A quality control process is critical to ensure the DXA system and its software works correctly before performing a scan on a patient. The quality control procedure is typically performed on a daily basis where a phantom is scanned and used to set the baseline values. These baseline values are used for calibration. For in- stance, a phantom is scanned daily as part of a facility's quality control procedures. The daily values from the scan are compared to baseline values established during the original scan of the phantom. This comparison provides data on whether the DXA machine is working properly (i.e., the stability of the machine and its ability to repro- duce results). 14. Which of the fol- lowing is a re- gion in the verte- bral column? Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar There are 206 individual bones in the adult body. The bones in the body are arranged in 2 main divisions. The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column. The appen- dicular skeleton is composed of the lower limbs, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and pectoral girdle. There are 26 ver- tebrae in the vertebral column. There are 5 regions in the column. They are the cervical 7 vertebrae (neck), thoracic 12 vertebrae (chest), lumbar 5 vertebrae (lower back), sacrum 1 vertebra, and the coccyx 1 vertebra (tailbone). 4 / 108 ARRT Bone Densitometry Study online at 15. The incus, stapes, and malleus, as a group, are known as what? Auditory ossicles. There are 206 individual bones in the adult body. The bones in the body are arranged in 2 main divisions. The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column. The appen- dicular skeleton is composed of the lower limbs, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and pectoral girdle. The incus, stapes, and malleus, as a group, are known as the auditory ossi- cles. The auditory ossicles are the smallest bones in the human body. The auditory ossicles are found in a cavity in the temporal bone. Their duty is to transmit and amplify sound to the inner ear from the eardrum. 16. Which of the fol- lowing decreas- es the rate at which os- teoclasts absorb bone? Calcitonin. Calcitonin is a type of hormone treatment used for osteo- porosis. It forms naturally in the thyroid. It can be used to increase bone mass moderately. It is used to decrease the rate osteoclasts absorb bone. This type of hormone treatment can only be given to postmenopausal women of 5 years or more. It can be taken as a nasal spray or in- jection. It works well for women with severe osteoporosis. Side effects include: back pain, headaches, and vomiting. 17. The ribs are found in what main bone divi- sion of the body? Axial skeleton. There are 206 individual bones in the adult body. The bones in the body are arranged in 2 main divisions. They are the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is composed of 80 bones found in the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, ribs, sternum, and vertebral col- umn. It runs along the human body's midline axis. The appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones found in the lower limbs, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and pectoral girdle. 18. Which of the fol- lowing is true, once a per- son reaches their peak BMD? Bone loss slowly increases BMD stands for bone mass density. People reach their peak BMD at age 30. After a person reaches their peak, bone loss will slowly increase. The bone building rate will decrease. 5 / 108 ARRT Bone Densitometry Study online at 19. According to the WHO, what is os- teoporosis? BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or greater below the typical value used for a healthy younger woman. WHO stands for the World Health Organization. They state that osteoporosis is bone mineral density (BMD)that lies 2.5 standard deviations or greater below the typical value used for a healthy younger woman. The standard deviation for osteoporosis is used for both diagnostics and interventions. 20. What type of os- teoporosis caus- es bones to break for no clear reason? Osteogenesis imperfecta osteoporosis Osteogenesis imperfecta osteoporosis is a rare form of osteoporosis. It is present at birth. This type of osteoporo- sis causes bones to break without a clear reason. 21. There are how many vertebrae in the adult verte- bral column? 33. There are 206 individual bones in the adult body. The bones in the body are arranged in 2 main divisions. The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, hyoid, auditory ossicles, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column. The appen- dicular skeleton is composed of the lower limbs, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and pectoral girdle. There are 33 vertebrae in the vertebral column. There are 5 regions in the column. They are the cervical 7 vertebrae (neck), thoracic 12 vertebrae (chest), lumbar 5 vertebrae (lower back), sacrum 5 vertebrae, and the coccyx 4 vertebrae (tailbone). 22. What should the technologist ob- serve during ac- quisition when a bone densitom- etry scan has started for a PA lumbar spine study? Each side of the scan window Once the technologist initiates the scan for the PA lumbar spine bone densitometry study, the technologist will want to observe the scan image when the acquisition process is taking place. The technologist will watch each side of the scan window to see if the iliac crests are viewable and are level on the image. This will help the technol- ogist gauge if the lumbar spine is straight. As the scan continues, if the image shows the spine is not level and slanting to one side, the technologist will need to stop the scan. Then, the technologist will reposition the patient by