Bone Density -ARRT Criteria Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Bone Density -ARRT Criteria Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass 1500mg/day - ANSWER -What is the calcium recommendation for postmenopausal women not on estrogen therapy and men older than 65? Osteoporosis - ANSWER -* Disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue * bone mineral density or bone mineral content T-score of less than -2.5 Primary osteoporosis - ANSWER -Not caused by an underlying disease, classified as Type 1 (post- menopausal) or type 2 (Senile or age related) Secondary Osteoporosis - ANSWER -Caused by an underlying disease that results in an imbalance of bone turnover (EX: hyperparathyroidism, gonadal insufficiency, calcium deficiency, osteomalacia, rheumatoid arthritis, anorexia, gastrectomy, gluten hypersensitivity, multiple myeloma, insulin dependent diabetes) Functions of the bone - ANSWER -Supports the body and protects vital organs, manufactures red blood cells, stores the minerals that are necessary for life Cortical and Trabecular - ANSWER -What are the two types of bone? Cortical Bone - ANSWER -Dense, compact outer shell of all bones and the shafts of the long bones; supports weight, resists bending and twisting, and accounts for about 80% of the skeletal bones 2 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. Trabecular bone - ANSWER -Delicate, latticework structure within the bones that adds strength without excessive weight; supports compressive loading at the spine, hip, and calcaneus and is also found in the ends of long bones, such as the distal radius Osteoclasts - ANSWER -Bone-destroying calls that break down and remove old bone, leaving pits Osteoblasts - ANSWER -Bone-building cells that fill the pits left by resorption with new bone. (TIP: B for building) Remodeling cycle in bone remodeling - ANSWER -The process of bone resorption by osteoclasts followed by bone formation by osteoblasts. The relative rates of resorption and formation determine whether bone mass increase, remains stable, or decreases. Resorption lasts about 1 week, and formation lasts about 3 months. With this process, a new skeleton is formed about every 7 years. Age, hormones, pathology - ANSWER -What factors affect bone remodeling? Genetics, endocrine, nutrition, lifestyle, medications - ANSWER -What are 5 risk factors of bone loss? Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, lithium, GnRH agonist, long term heparin, excessive thyroid treatment - ANSWER -What medications can affect bone loss? Mean - ANSWER -A statistic commonly called average. The sum of the data values divided by the number of data values Standar Deviation - ANSWER -Measure of the variablility of the data values about their mean value Coefficient of Variation (CV) - ANSWER -Statistic used to compare the standard deviations from different datasets, which may have different means. Also a measure of precision. Calculated as the SD divided by the mean, times 100. A smaller %CV indicates precision. Equation: %CV=(SD/Mean) x 100 3 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. Z-scores - ANSWER -Number of standard deviations an individual's bone mineral density (BMD) is from average BMD for sex and age-matched reference group. Z-score underestimates fracture risk. T-scores - ANSWER -Number of standard deviations an individuals BMD is from average BMD for sex-matched young adult normal peak bone mass. T-scores underestimates fracture risk. WHO Diagnostic Criteria - ANSWER -* Normal = BMD or BMC T-score of greater than or equal to -1 * Low bone mass (osteopenia) = BMD or BMC T-score between -1 and -2.5