Dental Hygiene Board Review Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Dental Hygiene Board Review Questions and Answers 100% Pass What are the 6 classes of nutrients? - ANSWER -carbohydrates proteins lipids vitamins minerals water What monosaccharide is the main source of fuel for the brain? - ANSWER -Glucose What monosaccharide is present in all disaccharides? - ANSWER -glucose What polysaccharide provides a carbohydrate storage form of energy in humans and animals? - ANSWER -glycogen How many grams of fiber should be consumed daily? - ANSWER -25-38 grams What nutrient's main function is to provide energy to the body? - ANSWER -carbohydrates What is the daily requirement for carbohydrates? - ANSWER -130 grams What 2 monosaccharides make up sucrose? - ANSWER -glucose & fructose What 2 monosaccharides make up lactose? - ANSWER -glucose & galactose What 2 monosaccharides make up maltose? - ANSWER -2 glucose molecules 2 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. What are the 3 nutritive sweeteners? - ANSWER -sorbitol mannitol xylitol What is the most widely used non-nutritive sweetener? - ANSWER -aspartame What alternative sweetener must carry a phenylketonuria (PKU) warning? - ANSWER -aspartame What artificial sweetener is the active ingredient in Splenda? - ANSWER -sucralose What organ AND cells are affected by type I diabetes mellitus? - ANSWER -pancreas & islets of langerhans The following are symptoms of which systemic condition: increased risk for periodontal disease, xerostomia, loss of sight and kidney function, poor circulation, heart disease, and slow would healing. - ANSWER -diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels are below _____ mg/dl. - ANSWER -70 Name several symptoms of hypoglycemia. - ANSWER -shakiness dizziness sweating hunger lightheadedness headaches irritability Which type of diabetes is insulin-resistant? - ANSWER -type II diabetes 3 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. What organic compound makes up proteins? - ANSWER -amino acids What is the main function of proteins? - ANSWER -repair & build tissues/cells How many amino acids are essential(unable to be synthesized by the body)? - ANSWER -9 Where does digestion of proteins begin? - ANSWER -stomach What is the condition characterized by the liver's inability to metabolize the essential amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine? - ANSWER -phenylketonuria (PKU) What is kwashiorkor a result of? - ANSWER -severe protein deficiency What type of lipid carries the maximum number of hydrogen atoms? - ANSWER -saturated fatty acids What are the 2 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids? - ANSWER -linoleic fatty acid (omega-6) and linolenic fatty acid (omge-3) What fatty acid is considered "heart-healthy"? - ANSWER -omega-3 Which vitamins are fat-soluble? - ANSWER -A, D, E & K Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? - ANSWER -liver & fatty tissues What vitamin helps with the absorption of calcium and phosphorus? - ANSWER -vitamin D Rickets is a result of a deficiency in what vitamin? - ANSWER -vitamin D Overconsumption of what vitamin can interfere with blood coagulation and cause gingival bleeding? - ANSWER -vitamin E What vitamin aids in the formation of the blood clotting factor prothrombin? - ANSWER -vitamin E What vitamins are water-soluble? - ANSWER -B & C 4 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. Deficiency in which B vitamin can lead to cheilosis and glossitis? - ANSWER -riboflavin (B2) What vitamin assists in forming DNA/RNA and is important to take during pregnancy? - ANSWER - folic acid What B vitamin is needed for metabolism of folic acid? - ANSWER -cobalamin (B12) Deficiency in what vitamin causes scurvy? - ANSWER -vitamin C Smokers have an increased need for what vitamin? - ANSWER -vitamin C What is the most abundant mineral in the body? - ANSWER -calcium True/False: Sodium is a cause of high blood pressure. - ANSWER -False- it does not cause HBP, but it does aggravates Fine, soft hair growth that occurs with anorexia is known as... - ANSWER -lanugo What term means dental erosion without bacterial involvement? - ANSWER -perimolysis The eating disorder pica can be caused by a deficiency in which 2 minerals? - ANSWER -iron & zinc What type of fluoride should be recommended to patients with bulimia? - ANSWER -sodium fluoride (mouthrinses) What is an alternative name for glucose? - ANSWER -dextrose What birth defect can be caused by an insufficient amount of folic acid intake during pregnancy? - ANSWER -spina bifida Which fatty acid maintains serum cholesterol levels? - ANSWER -monounsaturated Which vitamin interferes with the functions of vitamin K? - ANSWER -vitamin E What vitamin promotes collagen synthesis? - ANSWER -vitamin C 5 | P a g e Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved. Which vitamin is responsible for maintaining eye health? - ANSWER -vitamin A Severe niacin deficiency can lead to what condition? - ANSWER -pallegra Severe thiamine deficiency can lead to what condition? - ANSWER -beriberi Do disinfectants kill spores? - ANSWER -no; disinfectants kill/inactivate most pathogenic MOs but not spores What conditions are required for adequate steam sterilization? (temp/psi/time) - ANSWER -250°F 15-20 psi 30 minutes True/false: External indicators like tape that changes color guarantees that the instruments are sterile. - ANSWER -False; this only indicates that the instruments were heat processed How is the proper functioning of an autoclave tested and how often? - ANSWER -spore checks; weekly What is the normal range for pulse/heart rate? - ANSWER -60-100 bpm What BP range is considered stage 1 hypertension? - ANSWER -130-139/80-89 What BP range is considered stage 2 hypertension? - ANSWER -140/90+ A patient with chronic COPD would be considered what ASA classification? - ANSWER -ASA III What is the normal range for respirations in adults? - ANSWER -12-20 breaths/min