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NR507 MidTerm Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
Asthma - ANSWER ✔✔-A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing
difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
What is constricted in asthma? - ANSWER ✔✔-Bronchi
Early asthmatic response - ANSWER ✔✔-Antigen exposure to bronchial mucosa activates dendritic cells
to present the antigen to CD4+ Tcells, which differentiate into Th2 cells. These cells release numerous
cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-8 & IL-13.
early asthmatic response contributes to - ANSWER ✔✔-increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness,
fibroblast proliferation, epithelial injury, and airway scaring
What happens during an early asthmatic response - ANSWER ✔✔-IgE causes mast cell degranulation,
causing vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucosal edema, bronchial smooth muscle
contraction (bronchospasm), and tenacious mucus secretion
Late asthmatic response - ANSWER ✔✔-Begins 4-8 hours after early response; synthesis of leukotrienes
contributes to prolonged smooth muscle contraction, eosinophil mediators cause direct tissue injury with
fibroblast proliferation and airway scaring
Airway remodeling - ANSWER ✔✔-Untreated inflammation which can lead to long-term airway damage
that is irreversible.
Bronchiolitis - ANSWER ✔✔-inflammation of the bronchioles
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chronic bronchitis - ANSWER ✔✔-rapid respiratory rate, accessory muscle use, low-grade fever, dry
nonproductive cough, hyperinflated chest
Bronchiolitis obliterans - ANSWER ✔✔-late-stage fibrotic process that occludes the airways and causes
permanent scarring of the lungs
Bronchitis can cause respiratory acidosis. How? - ANSWER ✔✔-With alveolar hypoventilation. Carbon
dioxide is retained, increasing H+ (as HCO3) and producing acidosis.
hypercapnia - ANSWER ✔✔-excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
Perfusion:related to asthma - ANSWER ✔✔-prolonged hypoxemia and inadequate tissue oxygenation
activates anaerobic glycolysis, producing lactic acid and resulting in metabolic acidosis
Blood flow on right side of the heart - ANSWER ✔✔-The heart receives deoxygenated blood into the right
atrium from the body from the superior and inferior vena cava. Contraction of the right atrium pumps
blood through the right AV (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricle. Contraction of the right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood up into the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary semilunar valve and to
the lungs.
Blood flow on the left side of the heart - ANSWER ✔✔-Oxygenated blood from the lungs travels from the
pulmonary veins into the left atrium. The systemic system carries oxygenated blood when the left atrium
contracts forcing blood through the left AV (bicuspid, mitral) valve into the left ventricle. Contraction of
the left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve through the aorta towards the rest of
the body.
blood flow to lungs - ANSWER ✔✔-Once blood travels through the pulmonic valve, it enters the lungs.
(pulmonary circulation). From the pulmonic valve, blood travels to the pulmonary artery to tiny capillary
vessels in the lungs. Here O2 travels from the tiny air sacts in the lungs, through the walls of the
capillaries, into the blood. At the same time, CO2 (a waste product of metabolism), passes from the blood
Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved.
NR507 MidTerm Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
Asthma - ANSWER ✔✔-A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing
difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
What is constricted in asthma? - ANSWER ✔✔-Bronchi
Early asthmatic response - ANSWER ✔✔-Antigen exposure to bronchial mucosa activates dendritic cells
to present the antigen to CD4+ Tcells, which differentiate into Th2 cells. These cells release numerous
cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-8 & IL-13.
early asthmatic response contributes to - ANSWER ✔✔-increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness,
fibroblast proliferation, epithelial injury, and airway scaring
What happens during an early asthmatic response - ANSWER ✔✔-IgE causes mast cell degranulation,
causing vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucosal edema, bronchial smooth muscle
contraction (bronchospasm), and tenacious mucus secretion
Late asthmatic response - ANSWER ✔✔-Begins 4-8 hours after early response; synthesis of leukotrienes
contributes to prolonged smooth muscle contraction, eosinophil mediators cause direct tissue injury with
fibroblast proliferation and airway scaring
Airway remodeling - ANSWER ✔✔-Untreated inflammation which can lead to long-term airway damage
that is irreversible.
Bronchiolitis - ANSWER ✔✔-inflammation of the bronchioles
Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved.
, 2|Page
chronic bronchitis - ANSWER ✔✔-rapid respiratory rate, accessory muscle use, low-grade fever, dry
nonproductive cough, hyperinflated chest
Bronchiolitis obliterans - ANSWER ✔✔-late-stage fibrotic process that occludes the airways and causes
permanent scarring of the lungs
Bronchitis can cause respiratory acidosis. How? - ANSWER ✔✔-With alveolar hypoventilation. Carbon
dioxide is retained, increasing H+ (as HCO3) and producing acidosis.
hypercapnia - ANSWER ✔✔-excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
Perfusion:related to asthma - ANSWER ✔✔-prolonged hypoxemia and inadequate tissue oxygenation
activates anaerobic glycolysis, producing lactic acid and resulting in metabolic acidosis
Blood flow on right side of the heart - ANSWER ✔✔-The heart receives deoxygenated blood into the right
atrium from the body from the superior and inferior vena cava. Contraction of the right atrium pumps
blood through the right AV (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricle. Contraction of the right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood up into the pulmonary artery through the pulmonary semilunar valve and to
the lungs.
Blood flow on the left side of the heart - ANSWER ✔✔-Oxygenated blood from the lungs travels from the
pulmonary veins into the left atrium. The systemic system carries oxygenated blood when the left atrium
contracts forcing blood through the left AV (bicuspid, mitral) valve into the left ventricle. Contraction of
the left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve through the aorta towards the rest of
the body.
blood flow to lungs - ANSWER ✔✔-Once blood travels through the pulmonic valve, it enters the lungs.
(pulmonary circulation). From the pulmonic valve, blood travels to the pulmonary artery to tiny capillary
vessels in the lungs. Here O2 travels from the tiny air sacts in the lungs, through the walls of the
capillaries, into the blood. At the same time, CO2 (a waste product of metabolism), passes from the blood
Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved.
