COMBINED SETS KIN-224-Chapter 24, 28, 29 exam 5
Immediately before blood enters arterioles of the kidney, it travels through small arteries that
project peripherally into the renal cortex. These arteries are the ** Answer** interlobular
arteries.
The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the ** Answer** minor
calyx.
As blood flows through the vasa recta alongside the ascending limb of the nephron loop, the
blood is flowing ** Answer** deep into the medulla.
The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called ** Answer**
tubular secretion.
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of ** Answer** blood in the glomerular
capillaries.
Mesangial cells help keep the basement membrane clean by ** Answer** engulfing
macromolecules caught in its basement membrane.
Autonomic innervation of the kidney includes ** Answer** Cranial Nerve X and
sympathetic nerves from T10-T12.
Peritubular capillaries tend to exhibit ** Answer** low hydrostatic pressure and high colloid
pressure
Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney? ** Answer** Renal medulla
,Pain from the kidneys is usually referred by way of the: ** Answer** sympathetic pathways
to the T10-T12 dermatomes.
Stimulation of granular cells by the sympathetic nervous system causes them to ** Answer**
contract
Pregnancy tests often involve checking the urine for the presence of ** Answer** human
chorionic gonadotropin.
Careful measurements of GFR are made by injection of _______, but approximations of GFR
can be made more simply by measuring renal plasma clearance of _________. ** Answer**
inulin;
creatinine
The capsular hydrostatic pressure is generally ______ than the glomerular hydrostatic pressure;
increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure _________ the formation of additional filtrate. **
Answer** smaller;
impede
Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the
kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated? ** Answer** Juxtamedullary nephrons
Which is not correct regarding nephrons? ** Answer** The renal corpuscle may be located
in the renal cortex or renal medulla.
The renal threshold of a substance refers to ** Answer** the plasma concentration of the
substance below which it does not appear in the urine
Renal plasma clearance ** Answer** is the volume of plasma that can be entirely cleared of
a substance in one minute.
,How are nephrons, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules related to each other? ** Answer**
One nephron drains into one collecting tubule, and several collecting tubules empty into a
collecting duct.
The renal corpuscle is located within the ** Answer** renal cortex
For glucose to be reabsorbed from the tubule lumen, it is transported into the tubule cell by
means of a ** Answer** Na+/glucose symporter.
The kidneys are located ___________ the peritoneum. ** Answer** posterior to
The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about ** Answer** 12 cm
long, 6.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick.
Which is not a function of the kidneys? ** Answer** Regulation of lymphocyte production
Micturition ** Answer** All of the choices are correct.
- Is another name for urination.
- Is a reflex triggered by stretch receptors in the urinary bladder.
- Requires the opening of two sphincters.
- Requires contraction of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder.
Generally, negatively charged plasma proteins are ** Answer** repelled by the negative
charge of the filtration membrane
The normal pH for urine ** Answer** ranges between 4.5 and 8.0
Which type of distal cell within kidney tubules and collecting ducts are responsive to aldosterone
and antidiuretic hormone? ** Answer** Principal cells
, An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the ** Answer**
efferent arteriole.
Granular cells synthesize and release the enzyme ** Answer** renin
If the filtration membrane were made more porous, how would you expect the glomerular
filtration rate to change? ** Answer** Increase
Someone with a diet that is high in vegetables but low in animal protein is likely to have very
active ** Answer** type B cells, which secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H+.
The endothelium of the glomerulus is made up of _________ capillaries. ** Answer**
fenestrated
Generally, most water reabsorption in a nephron occurs at the ** Answer** proximal
convoluted tubule and is called obligatory water reabsorption.
*Which of the following choices lists structures in the order in which urine flows through them?
** Answer** *Minor calyx,
major calyx,
renal pelvis
ANP is a hormone that causes ** Answer** dilation of the afferent arterioles and inhibition
of renin release
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located ** Answer** near the vascular pole of the renal
corpuscle.
Sympathetic stimulation causes ** Answer** granular cells to release renin, which ultimately
leads to mesangial cell contraction
Immediately before blood enters arterioles of the kidney, it travels through small arteries that
project peripherally into the renal cortex. These arteries are the ** Answer** interlobular
arteries.
The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the ** Answer** minor
calyx.
As blood flows through the vasa recta alongside the ascending limb of the nephron loop, the
blood is flowing ** Answer** deep into the medulla.
The active transport of solutes out of the blood and into the tubular fluid is called ** Answer**
tubular secretion.
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of ** Answer** blood in the glomerular
capillaries.
Mesangial cells help keep the basement membrane clean by ** Answer** engulfing
macromolecules caught in its basement membrane.
Autonomic innervation of the kidney includes ** Answer** Cranial Nerve X and
sympathetic nerves from T10-T12.
Peritubular capillaries tend to exhibit ** Answer** low hydrostatic pressure and high colloid
pressure
Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney? ** Answer** Renal medulla
,Pain from the kidneys is usually referred by way of the: ** Answer** sympathetic pathways
to the T10-T12 dermatomes.
Stimulation of granular cells by the sympathetic nervous system causes them to ** Answer**
contract
Pregnancy tests often involve checking the urine for the presence of ** Answer** human
chorionic gonadotropin.
Careful measurements of GFR are made by injection of _______, but approximations of GFR
can be made more simply by measuring renal plasma clearance of _________. ** Answer**
inulin;
creatinine
The capsular hydrostatic pressure is generally ______ than the glomerular hydrostatic pressure;
increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure _________ the formation of additional filtrate. **
Answer** smaller;
impede
Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the
kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated? ** Answer** Juxtamedullary nephrons
Which is not correct regarding nephrons? ** Answer** The renal corpuscle may be located
in the renal cortex or renal medulla.
The renal threshold of a substance refers to ** Answer** the plasma concentration of the
substance below which it does not appear in the urine
Renal plasma clearance ** Answer** is the volume of plasma that can be entirely cleared of
a substance in one minute.
,How are nephrons, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules related to each other? ** Answer**
One nephron drains into one collecting tubule, and several collecting tubules empty into a
collecting duct.
The renal corpuscle is located within the ** Answer** renal cortex
For glucose to be reabsorbed from the tubule lumen, it is transported into the tubule cell by
means of a ** Answer** Na+/glucose symporter.
The kidneys are located ___________ the peritoneum. ** Answer** posterior to
The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about ** Answer** 12 cm
long, 6.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick.
Which is not a function of the kidneys? ** Answer** Regulation of lymphocyte production
Micturition ** Answer** All of the choices are correct.
- Is another name for urination.
- Is a reflex triggered by stretch receptors in the urinary bladder.
- Requires the opening of two sphincters.
- Requires contraction of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder.
Generally, negatively charged plasma proteins are ** Answer** repelled by the negative
charge of the filtration membrane
The normal pH for urine ** Answer** ranges between 4.5 and 8.0
Which type of distal cell within kidney tubules and collecting ducts are responsive to aldosterone
and antidiuretic hormone? ** Answer** Principal cells
, An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the ** Answer**
efferent arteriole.
Granular cells synthesize and release the enzyme ** Answer** renin
If the filtration membrane were made more porous, how would you expect the glomerular
filtration rate to change? ** Answer** Increase
Someone with a diet that is high in vegetables but low in animal protein is likely to have very
active ** Answer** type B cells, which secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H+.
The endothelium of the glomerulus is made up of _________ capillaries. ** Answer**
fenestrated
Generally, most water reabsorption in a nephron occurs at the ** Answer** proximal
convoluted tubule and is called obligatory water reabsorption.
*Which of the following choices lists structures in the order in which urine flows through them?
** Answer** *Minor calyx,
major calyx,
renal pelvis
ANP is a hormone that causes ** Answer** dilation of the afferent arterioles and inhibition
of renin release
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located ** Answer** near the vascular pole of the renal
corpuscle.
Sympathetic stimulation causes ** Answer** granular cells to release renin, which ultimately
leads to mesangial cell contraction
