Speech Sound Disorders Exam 2
1. What's the difference between a developmental pattern and a non-develop- mental pattern?: Developmental
patterns are universal. They're only considered a problem if they persist too long.
Non-developmental patterns are just that we don't expect them in typical develop- ment. And they often indicate a proble
with acquiring the phonology of their native language.
2. Substitution of a labial consonant for a lingual consonant.
Tongue tip or apical consonant replaced with a labial consonant.: Labialization
3. Substitution of an apical consonant for a labial.
Non-developmental pattern
Substitution pattern.: Apicalization
4. Dog --> bog
Non-developmental pattern
Substitution pattern.: Labialization
5. Bee --> di: Apicalization
6. Reversal of two adjacent segments within a word. Consonant cluster where two consonants are swapped.
Substitution pattern.
Non-developmental pattern.: Metathesis
7. T/F: Metathesis is often dialectical.: True.
8. A child is growing up in a household where the native speakers produce a word in this manner(i.e.
metathesis) is acquiring the phonological, the phonology of their language, just fine.: Dialectical
9. Ask --> aks.: metathesis
10. When a child is acquiring consonant clusters they canbe difficult as conso- nants require large, fast,
precise movements of the articulators, and so when you have to produce two or three in a row, it's challenging. And
one of the ways that some children simplify this is just by producing an unstressed schwa in the middle of the
cluster.: epenthesis
11.Insertion of a sound in a word (i.e. shwa).
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, Speech Sound Disorders Exam 2
Non-developmental pattern.
Assimilation or whole word patterns.: epenthesis
12.Athlete --> ath-uh-lete.: epenthesis
13.T/F: epenthesis can be dialectical?: True
14.Deletion of a consonant at the beginning of a word.
Non-developmental process
Strutural pattern/deletion pattern: Initial Consonant Deletion
15./h[d/ --> [[d:]Initial Consonant Deletion
16.Substitution of a velar or palatal for an alveolar.
Non-developmental process
Strutural pattern/deletion pattern: Backing
17./d[t/ --> [g[k:]Backing
18.Two common areas exhibited by kids with congenital hearing loss.
They have a hard time recognizing the presence of a speech signal.: Initial consonant deletion and backing
19. is the most common error exhibited by kids with hearing loss.:
Backing
20.Deletion of an intervocalic consonant.
Non developmental pattern.
Structural/ deletion pattern.: Consonant deletion
21.Butter --> buh-er: Consonant deletion
22.Santa --> [s æ Y:]Consonant deletion
23.Substitution of a vowel for a liquid.
Non developmental pattern.: Vocalization
24.Refers to the substitution of a non-vocalic sound (such as a liquid conso- nant like /r/) with a vowel sound.:
Vocalization or vowelization
25.Bear --> bay-uh.: Vocalization or vowelization
26.Substitution of an oral consonant for a nasal.
Non developmental pattern.: Denasalization
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, Speech Sound Disorders Exam 2
27.Nose --> doze.: Denasalization
28.Substitution of a fricative for an affricate.: Deaffrication
29.Substitution of a glottal stop for a consonant in the middle or end of a word.: Glottal replacement
30./d[k/ --> [m[k:]labialization
31./mæt/ ’ /dæt/: apicalization
32./sæd/ --> /sæ”:/glottal replacement
33./tƒiz/ --> [siz:]deaffrication
34. : Substitution of a velar for a nonvelar when the word contains another velar.
Example: /k æ t/ --> [ k æ k ]: Velar Assimilation
35.Substitution of a labial for a non labial when the word contains another labial.
Example: pot --> pop.: Labial assimilation
36.Substitution of a nasal for an oral consonant when the word contains another nasal.
Example: mop --> mom.: Nasal assimilation
37.Substitution of a voiced sound for a voiceless, when followed by a vowel in the same syllable.: Prevocalic
voicing
38."gomb" for "comb": Prevocalic voicing
39./k/ or /f/ is replaced by /g/ or /v/.: Prevocalic voicing
40.'chimney' --> [ ¤ j m n i: ]Prevocalic voicing
41.Substitution of a voiceless consonant for a voiced.: Devoicing (DV)
42."pick" for "pig": Devoicing
43.Combination of two adjacent sounds resulting in two sounds being sub- stituted with one.: Coalescence
44.sweep --> [ f i p ]: Coalescence
45./spitƒ/ --> [fis:]coalescence & deaffrication
46./smoŠk/ --> [foŠ: kc]oalescence
47.Nathan
1. cheese [i¸]
2. jumping [ðŒmi]
3. shoe [¸u]
4. thumb [¸Œm]
5. zipper [ðjpX]
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, Speech Sound Disorders Exam 2
6. sun [¸Œn]
7. soap [¸op]
8. zoo [ðu]
9. fish [j¸”]
10. sing [j¸g]
Focus here only on the sound substitution thing that is going on, specifically, the fact that they reflect a preference
for certain sounds (substituting): The trick is to document or classify what the preferred sound is and what they are
substituted for.
Substitutes with -th sounds.
- Changes fricatives to -th sounds. Final consonant
deletion
He substitutes with /¸/when the consonant being replaced is is voiceless and viceversa with /ð/.
Denasalization
Replacing all the affricates and fricatives. Affect of the word
position: initial replacements.
He has a hard time producing /s/ and /z/.
48.Labiodentals: /ð/ & /¸/
49.Nathan
1. Glove [aŒb]
2. Teeth [tit]
3. Dishes [dj”jj]
4. Over [owX]
5. Leaf [i¸p]
Sound prefence in term of the group itself?: No.
First, it may be the case that he also has a problem with /l/, the liquid.
4/
47
1. What's the difference between a developmental pattern and a non-develop- mental pattern?: Developmental
patterns are universal. They're only considered a problem if they persist too long.
Non-developmental patterns are just that we don't expect them in typical develop- ment. And they often indicate a proble
with acquiring the phonology of their native language.
2. Substitution of a labial consonant for a lingual consonant.
Tongue tip or apical consonant replaced with a labial consonant.: Labialization
3. Substitution of an apical consonant for a labial.
Non-developmental pattern
Substitution pattern.: Apicalization
4. Dog --> bog
Non-developmental pattern
Substitution pattern.: Labialization
5. Bee --> di: Apicalization
6. Reversal of two adjacent segments within a word. Consonant cluster where two consonants are swapped.
Substitution pattern.
Non-developmental pattern.: Metathesis
7. T/F: Metathesis is often dialectical.: True.
8. A child is growing up in a household where the native speakers produce a word in this manner(i.e.
metathesis) is acquiring the phonological, the phonology of their language, just fine.: Dialectical
9. Ask --> aks.: metathesis
10. When a child is acquiring consonant clusters they canbe difficult as conso- nants require large, fast,
precise movements of the articulators, and so when you have to produce two or three in a row, it's challenging. And
one of the ways that some children simplify this is just by producing an unstressed schwa in the middle of the
cluster.: epenthesis
11.Insertion of a sound in a word (i.e. shwa).
1/
47
, Speech Sound Disorders Exam 2
Non-developmental pattern.
Assimilation or whole word patterns.: epenthesis
12.Athlete --> ath-uh-lete.: epenthesis
13.T/F: epenthesis can be dialectical?: True
14.Deletion of a consonant at the beginning of a word.
Non-developmental process
Strutural pattern/deletion pattern: Initial Consonant Deletion
15./h[d/ --> [[d:]Initial Consonant Deletion
16.Substitution of a velar or palatal for an alveolar.
Non-developmental process
Strutural pattern/deletion pattern: Backing
17./d[t/ --> [g[k:]Backing
18.Two common areas exhibited by kids with congenital hearing loss.
They have a hard time recognizing the presence of a speech signal.: Initial consonant deletion and backing
19. is the most common error exhibited by kids with hearing loss.:
Backing
20.Deletion of an intervocalic consonant.
Non developmental pattern.
Structural/ deletion pattern.: Consonant deletion
21.Butter --> buh-er: Consonant deletion
22.Santa --> [s æ Y:]Consonant deletion
23.Substitution of a vowel for a liquid.
Non developmental pattern.: Vocalization
24.Refers to the substitution of a non-vocalic sound (such as a liquid conso- nant like /r/) with a vowel sound.:
Vocalization or vowelization
25.Bear --> bay-uh.: Vocalization or vowelization
26.Substitution of an oral consonant for a nasal.
Non developmental pattern.: Denasalization
2/
47
, Speech Sound Disorders Exam 2
27.Nose --> doze.: Denasalization
28.Substitution of a fricative for an affricate.: Deaffrication
29.Substitution of a glottal stop for a consonant in the middle or end of a word.: Glottal replacement
30./d[k/ --> [m[k:]labialization
31./mæt/ ’ /dæt/: apicalization
32./sæd/ --> /sæ”:/glottal replacement
33./tƒiz/ --> [siz:]deaffrication
34. : Substitution of a velar for a nonvelar when the word contains another velar.
Example: /k æ t/ --> [ k æ k ]: Velar Assimilation
35.Substitution of a labial for a non labial when the word contains another labial.
Example: pot --> pop.: Labial assimilation
36.Substitution of a nasal for an oral consonant when the word contains another nasal.
Example: mop --> mom.: Nasal assimilation
37.Substitution of a voiced sound for a voiceless, when followed by a vowel in the same syllable.: Prevocalic
voicing
38."gomb" for "comb": Prevocalic voicing
39./k/ or /f/ is replaced by /g/ or /v/.: Prevocalic voicing
40.'chimney' --> [ ¤ j m n i: ]Prevocalic voicing
41.Substitution of a voiceless consonant for a voiced.: Devoicing (DV)
42."pick" for "pig": Devoicing
43.Combination of two adjacent sounds resulting in two sounds being sub- stituted with one.: Coalescence
44.sweep --> [ f i p ]: Coalescence
45./spitƒ/ --> [fis:]coalescence & deaffrication
46./smoŠk/ --> [foŠ: kc]oalescence
47.Nathan
1. cheese [i¸]
2. jumping [ðŒmi]
3. shoe [¸u]
4. thumb [¸Œm]
5. zipper [ðjpX]
3/
47
, Speech Sound Disorders Exam 2
6. sun [¸Œn]
7. soap [¸op]
8. zoo [ðu]
9. fish [j¸”]
10. sing [j¸g]
Focus here only on the sound substitution thing that is going on, specifically, the fact that they reflect a preference
for certain sounds (substituting): The trick is to document or classify what the preferred sound is and what they are
substituted for.
Substitutes with -th sounds.
- Changes fricatives to -th sounds. Final consonant
deletion
He substitutes with /¸/when the consonant being replaced is is voiceless and viceversa with /ð/.
Denasalization
Replacing all the affricates and fricatives. Affect of the word
position: initial replacements.
He has a hard time producing /s/ and /z/.
48.Labiodentals: /ð/ & /¸/
49.Nathan
1. Glove [aŒb]
2. Teeth [tit]
3. Dishes [dj”jj]
4. Over [owX]
5. Leaf [i¸p]
Sound prefence in term of the group itself?: No.
First, it may be the case that he also has a problem with /l/, the liquid.
4/
47
