EMS 122 Exam 1
Prehospital Emergency Care CH 16: Respiratory Emergencies
1. What is the most common symptom of respiratory distress?: Shortness of breath
2. What are the 3 parts to the respiratory system?: 1. Upper airway
2. Lower airway
3. Lungs/Accessory structures
3. What separates the upper and lower airways?: Vocal cords (glottic opening)
4. What's the purpose of the upper and lower airways?: To get air in/out of the lungs
5. What's the purpose of the lungs/accessory structures?: To perfuse the body
6. What are 10 signs of normal breathing?: 1. Normal rate
2. Normal rhythm
3. Normal quality
4. Equal/bilateral breath sounds
5. Open airway
6. No accessory muscles
7. Normal mentation
8. Normal muscle tone
9. Normal SpO2 reading
10.Normal skin
7. What are the 3 receptors? What do they do?: 1. Stretch receptors (keeps lungs from overexpanding)
2. Irritant receptors (cough)
3. Juxtacapillary receptors (too much blood near alveoli, shortness of breath)
8. How and where should you auscultate breath sounds?: Have pt sit upright. Always over bare skin.
Instruct pt to cough and take deep breaths with an open mouth.
9. What is wheezing? What does it sound like? Inhalation/exhalation?: In- flamed bronchioles. Whistling
heard on exhalation
10.What causes wheezing?: Asthema Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis CHF
Pneumonia
11.What should you use to treat wheezing?: MDI or SVN
12.What is Rhonchi? What does it sound like?: Mucus obstructs the larger airways. Snoring/rattling
13.What causes rhonchi?: Bronchitis Emphysema
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, EMS 122 Exam 1
Prehospital Emergency Care CH 16: Respiratory Emergencies
Aspiration Pneumonia
14.Does the quality of rhonchi sounds change?: Yes, if the person moves or coughs
15.What are crackles? What do they sound like? Inhalation/exhalation?: Fluid in the alveoli. Bubbly/crackling
during inhalation.
16.What causes crackles/rales?: Pulmonary edema Pneumonia
17.Does the quality of crackles change?: No
18.What can you hear at the midclavicular?: Larger conducting airways, stridor and rhonchi
19. What can you hear under the armpits?: Smaller conducting airways, wheezing
20.What can you hear on the back?: Alveoli, crakles/rales
21.What is hypoxemia?: Low oxygen in your blood
22.What is hypoxia?: Low oxygen in your cells?
23.What is hypercarbia?: Increased CO2 in your blood/cells
24.What is dyspnea?: Shortness of breath
25.What is Apnea?: No breathing (but still a pulse sometimes)
26.What are some signs of respiratory distress?: Dyspnea Increased/decreased pulse
(early/late)
Changes in rate, rhythm, quality Skin color
changes
Weird breath sounds Coughing
Tripoding Restless
Altered mentation
27.What are 3 causes of shortness of breath?: 1. Mechanical disruption
2. Lung receptor stimulation
3. Inadequate gas exchange
28.What is a mechanical disruption? 5 possible causes?: Airway, lung, or chest wall prevents ventilation.
1. Airway obstruction
2. flail chest
3. Chest muscle weakness
4. Neuromuscular diseases
5. Lung collapse (pneumothorax)
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Prehospital Emergency Care CH 16: Respiratory Emergencies
1. What is the most common symptom of respiratory distress?: Shortness of breath
2. What are the 3 parts to the respiratory system?: 1. Upper airway
2. Lower airway
3. Lungs/Accessory structures
3. What separates the upper and lower airways?: Vocal cords (glottic opening)
4. What's the purpose of the upper and lower airways?: To get air in/out of the lungs
5. What's the purpose of the lungs/accessory structures?: To perfuse the body
6. What are 10 signs of normal breathing?: 1. Normal rate
2. Normal rhythm
3. Normal quality
4. Equal/bilateral breath sounds
5. Open airway
6. No accessory muscles
7. Normal mentation
8. Normal muscle tone
9. Normal SpO2 reading
10.Normal skin
7. What are the 3 receptors? What do they do?: 1. Stretch receptors (keeps lungs from overexpanding)
2. Irritant receptors (cough)
3. Juxtacapillary receptors (too much blood near alveoli, shortness of breath)
8. How and where should you auscultate breath sounds?: Have pt sit upright. Always over bare skin.
Instruct pt to cough and take deep breaths with an open mouth.
9. What is wheezing? What does it sound like? Inhalation/exhalation?: In- flamed bronchioles. Whistling
heard on exhalation
10.What causes wheezing?: Asthema Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis CHF
Pneumonia
11.What should you use to treat wheezing?: MDI or SVN
12.What is Rhonchi? What does it sound like?: Mucus obstructs the larger airways. Snoring/rattling
13.What causes rhonchi?: Bronchitis Emphysema
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9
, EMS 122 Exam 1
Prehospital Emergency Care CH 16: Respiratory Emergencies
Aspiration Pneumonia
14.Does the quality of rhonchi sounds change?: Yes, if the person moves or coughs
15.What are crackles? What do they sound like? Inhalation/exhalation?: Fluid in the alveoli. Bubbly/crackling
during inhalation.
16.What causes crackles/rales?: Pulmonary edema Pneumonia
17.Does the quality of crackles change?: No
18.What can you hear at the midclavicular?: Larger conducting airways, stridor and rhonchi
19. What can you hear under the armpits?: Smaller conducting airways, wheezing
20.What can you hear on the back?: Alveoli, crakles/rales
21.What is hypoxemia?: Low oxygen in your blood
22.What is hypoxia?: Low oxygen in your cells?
23.What is hypercarbia?: Increased CO2 in your blood/cells
24.What is dyspnea?: Shortness of breath
25.What is Apnea?: No breathing (but still a pulse sometimes)
26.What are some signs of respiratory distress?: Dyspnea Increased/decreased pulse
(early/late)
Changes in rate, rhythm, quality Skin color
changes
Weird breath sounds Coughing
Tripoding Restless
Altered mentation
27.What are 3 causes of shortness of breath?: 1. Mechanical disruption
2. Lung receptor stimulation
3. Inadequate gas exchange
28.What is a mechanical disruption? 5 possible causes?: Airway, lung, or chest wall prevents ventilation.
1. Airway obstruction
2. flail chest
3. Chest muscle weakness
4. Neuromuscular diseases
5. Lung collapse (pneumothorax)
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