Pharm test #6 chapters 41, 44, 45, & 50
1. What is Tuberculosis (TB)?: caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)
- antitubercular drugs treat all forms of MTB
- S/S: persistent cough, fever, night sweats
*active TB is the most contagious form*
2. What is mycobacterium tuberculosis?: a very slow-growing organism
- causes TB
- more difficult to treat
- common sites of infection:
- Lung (primary)
- Brain
- Bone
- Liber, Kidney, GU tract
3. How does MTB spread?: tubercular bacilli spreads by droplets
- coughing/sneezing by one person and then inhaled by another
4. How is TB diagnosed?: Step 1: Mantoux test (skin test)
- + results cause a little dent in the skin, a dimple in the spot where the injection was placed, appears raised, hard, swollen
Step 2: if the skin test is positive, chest x-rays are done
Step 3: if chest x-rays show signs, culture the sputum (first thing in the morning before food) or stomach secretions
5. What is the most current concern for TB?: there are an increasing number of multidrug-resistance TB (MDR-TB)
cases
6. What are multidrug-resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?: resistant to both iso- niazid (INH) and rifampin
- use of multiple medications to treat TB due to increasing presence of resistance
7. What are major effects of antitubercular drug therapy?: - reduction of cough
- reduction of infectiousness
8. When do symptoms start to improve with antitubercular drug therapy?: - successful treatment requires at
least 6 months but up to 24 months
- must monitor patient compliance
9. What are problems with antitubercular drug therapy?: - drug resistance
- drug toxicity
- patient nonadherence
10.What are first line drugs for TB?: - Isoniazin (INH)
, Pharm test #6 chapters 41, 44, 45, & 50
- RIfampin
- Ethambutol
, Pharm test #6 chapters 41, 44, 45, & 50
11.What is Ethambutol (Myambutol)?: antitubercular drug (Ethambutol--> Eye)
- causes vision problems
- if patient has jaundice, discontinue
- DO NOT use with Dilantin (seizure drug)
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Drug used to combat neurologic adverse reactions asso- ciated with INH
12.What is Rifabutin, Rifampin, Rifapentine?: Antitubercular drug *all the same family
(Rifampin-->Red)
- also used to treat infections caused by non-TB mycpbacterial species
- adverse reactions to this drug cause re-orange-brown colored secretions, stool (do not have to discontinue, this is
normal)
- oral use only
- *Rifampin you can only take on an only stomach
- causes birth control to be ineffective
13.What are adverse reactions to antitubercular drugs?: - INH (Isoniazin): caus- es peripheral neuropathy,
hepatotoxicity
- Ethambutol: retrobulbar neuritis, blindness
- Rifampin: hepatitis, discoloration of secretions, stool
14.What are therapeutic effects of antitubercular drugs?: - decrease in symp- toms of TB, such as cough and
fever
- lab study results (culture and sensitivity tests) and chest radiographs should confirm clinical findings
15.What are nursing implications of antitubercular drugs?: - causes oral con- traceptives to be ineffective
- no alcohol or other meds while taking
- therapy may last up to 24 months
- patient education is critical
- perform liver function studies in patients to receive INH or rifampin
16.What is inflammation?: "itis" suffix = inflammation
- localized protective response stimulus by injury to tissues, which serves to destroy, dilute, or sequester both injurious
agent and the injured tissue
- commonly seen as:
- pain, fever, loss of function, redness, and swelling
- endogenous compounds, including proteins of the complement system, histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, leukotrienes,
and prostaglandins
17.What are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): properties of NSAIDs:
1. What is Tuberculosis (TB)?: caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)
- antitubercular drugs treat all forms of MTB
- S/S: persistent cough, fever, night sweats
*active TB is the most contagious form*
2. What is mycobacterium tuberculosis?: a very slow-growing organism
- causes TB
- more difficult to treat
- common sites of infection:
- Lung (primary)
- Brain
- Bone
- Liber, Kidney, GU tract
3. How does MTB spread?: tubercular bacilli spreads by droplets
- coughing/sneezing by one person and then inhaled by another
4. How is TB diagnosed?: Step 1: Mantoux test (skin test)
- + results cause a little dent in the skin, a dimple in the spot where the injection was placed, appears raised, hard, swollen
Step 2: if the skin test is positive, chest x-rays are done
Step 3: if chest x-rays show signs, culture the sputum (first thing in the morning before food) or stomach secretions
5. What is the most current concern for TB?: there are an increasing number of multidrug-resistance TB (MDR-TB)
cases
6. What are multidrug-resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?: resistant to both iso- niazid (INH) and rifampin
- use of multiple medications to treat TB due to increasing presence of resistance
7. What are major effects of antitubercular drug therapy?: - reduction of cough
- reduction of infectiousness
8. When do symptoms start to improve with antitubercular drug therapy?: - successful treatment requires at
least 6 months but up to 24 months
- must monitor patient compliance
9. What are problems with antitubercular drug therapy?: - drug resistance
- drug toxicity
- patient nonadherence
10.What are first line drugs for TB?: - Isoniazin (INH)
, Pharm test #6 chapters 41, 44, 45, & 50
- RIfampin
- Ethambutol
, Pharm test #6 chapters 41, 44, 45, & 50
11.What is Ethambutol (Myambutol)?: antitubercular drug (Ethambutol--> Eye)
- causes vision problems
- if patient has jaundice, discontinue
- DO NOT use with Dilantin (seizure drug)
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Drug used to combat neurologic adverse reactions asso- ciated with INH
12.What is Rifabutin, Rifampin, Rifapentine?: Antitubercular drug *all the same family
(Rifampin-->Red)
- also used to treat infections caused by non-TB mycpbacterial species
- adverse reactions to this drug cause re-orange-brown colored secretions, stool (do not have to discontinue, this is
normal)
- oral use only
- *Rifampin you can only take on an only stomach
- causes birth control to be ineffective
13.What are adverse reactions to antitubercular drugs?: - INH (Isoniazin): caus- es peripheral neuropathy,
hepatotoxicity
- Ethambutol: retrobulbar neuritis, blindness
- Rifampin: hepatitis, discoloration of secretions, stool
14.What are therapeutic effects of antitubercular drugs?: - decrease in symp- toms of TB, such as cough and
fever
- lab study results (culture and sensitivity tests) and chest radiographs should confirm clinical findings
15.What are nursing implications of antitubercular drugs?: - causes oral con- traceptives to be ineffective
- no alcohol or other meds while taking
- therapy may last up to 24 months
- patient education is critical
- perform liver function studies in patients to receive INH or rifampin
16.What is inflammation?: "itis" suffix = inflammation
- localized protective response stimulus by injury to tissues, which serves to destroy, dilute, or sequester both injurious
agent and the injured tissue
- commonly seen as:
- pain, fever, loss of function, redness, and swelling
- endogenous compounds, including proteins of the complement system, histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, leukotrienes,
and prostaglandins
17.What are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): properties of NSAIDs:
