Pharmacodynamics Study Guide for PHAR 611
1. Potency vs. efficacy: Understanding the difference between the strength of a drug (potency) and its ability to
produce a desired effect (efficacy).
2. what does it mean when we say 'bumetanide is more potent than furosemide': lower concentration of
bumetanide needed to produce same effect as furosemide
3. what is the problem with drugs with MW of less than ~100 g/mol? how does it affect the drug's selectivity:
Drugs with MW <100 g/mol may lack selectivity, while those >1000 g/mol may face absorption issues. Therefore they
are too small to have selectivity
4. what is the problem with drugs with MW of more than ~100 g/mol? how does it affect the drug's selectivity: too
large to readily cross membranes
5. Receptors: Molecular structures that recognize and respond to specific ligands, categorized into 5 types.
6. Effectors: Molecules that mediate the cellular response to a ligand-receptor interaction.
7. what are the 5 different receptors?: 1. ligand -gated ion channel
2. transcellular (epidermal growth facotr)
8. Second messengers: Intracellular signaling molecules activated by receptors to propagate signals.
9. Coupling agents: Molecules that facilitate communication between receptors and effectors.
10.what are examples of second messengers?: cAMP, IP3, Ca2+
11.Nicotinic receptor: A type of receptor that responds to acetylcholine, involving downstream effectors. it does not
require downstream effectors
12.what are example of coupling agents?: G-protein
13.Epidermal growth factor receptor: Receptor activated by EGF, initiating a signaling cascade without
needing downstream effector names.
14.G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Receptors that interact with G proteins to transmit signals and induce
various cellular responses.
15.what is epidermal growth factor receptor's natural ligand?: EGF
16.How does epidermal growth factor receptor's natural ligand trigger a sig- naling cascade?: EGF binds
17.What is a signaling cascade?:
18.What are the advantages of having a signaling cascade?:
19.Do you think Dr. Hong will be able to buy a house next year?: no, bc cross talk of friends and family talked
some sense into him
20.How do steroid hormone receptors (e.g., estrogen receptor) work?: intra- cellular, slow, no good for
prevention
21.How are steroid hormone receptors different from other receptors?:
1/
3
1. Potency vs. efficacy: Understanding the difference between the strength of a drug (potency) and its ability to
produce a desired effect (efficacy).
2. what does it mean when we say 'bumetanide is more potent than furosemide': lower concentration of
bumetanide needed to produce same effect as furosemide
3. what is the problem with drugs with MW of less than ~100 g/mol? how does it affect the drug's selectivity:
Drugs with MW <100 g/mol may lack selectivity, while those >1000 g/mol may face absorption issues. Therefore they
are too small to have selectivity
4. what is the problem with drugs with MW of more than ~100 g/mol? how does it affect the drug's selectivity: too
large to readily cross membranes
5. Receptors: Molecular structures that recognize and respond to specific ligands, categorized into 5 types.
6. Effectors: Molecules that mediate the cellular response to a ligand-receptor interaction.
7. what are the 5 different receptors?: 1. ligand -gated ion channel
2. transcellular (epidermal growth facotr)
8. Second messengers: Intracellular signaling molecules activated by receptors to propagate signals.
9. Coupling agents: Molecules that facilitate communication between receptors and effectors.
10.what are examples of second messengers?: cAMP, IP3, Ca2+
11.Nicotinic receptor: A type of receptor that responds to acetylcholine, involving downstream effectors. it does not
require downstream effectors
12.what are example of coupling agents?: G-protein
13.Epidermal growth factor receptor: Receptor activated by EGF, initiating a signaling cascade without
needing downstream effector names.
14.G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Receptors that interact with G proteins to transmit signals and induce
various cellular responses.
15.what is epidermal growth factor receptor's natural ligand?: EGF
16.How does epidermal growth factor receptor's natural ligand trigger a sig- naling cascade?: EGF binds
17.What is a signaling cascade?:
18.What are the advantages of having a signaling cascade?:
19.Do you think Dr. Hong will be able to buy a house next year?: no, bc cross talk of friends and family talked
some sense into him
20.How do steroid hormone receptors (e.g., estrogen receptor) work?: intra- cellular, slow, no good for
prevention
21.How are steroid hormone receptors different from other receptors?:
1/
3
