III
g g
MEDICAL CARE: TREATING AMERIC
g g g
ANS’ MEDICAL
g
PROBLEMS
Copyrightg©g2018.gSpringergPublishinggCompany.gAllgrightsgreserv
ed.
JonasgandgKovner'sgHealthgCaregDeliverygingthegUnitedgStates,g12thgEdition,geditedgbygJamesgR.,gPhDgKnickman,gandgBrian,gPhD,gMPHgElbe
l,g SpringergPublishinggCompany,g2018.gProQuestgEbookgCentral,ghttp://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uablib/detail.action?docID=5630705.
Createdgfromguablibgong2019-04-30g16:17:09.
,Copyrightg©g2018.gSpringergPublishinggCompany.gAllgrightsgreserv
ed.
JonasgandgKovner'sgHealthgCaregDeliverygingthegUnitedgStates,g12thgEdition,geditedgbygJamesgR.,gPhDgKnickman,gandgBrian,gPhD,gMP
HgElbel,g SpringergPublishinggCompany,g2018.gProQuestgEbookgCentral,ghttp://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uablib/detail.action?docI
D=5630705.
Createdgfromguablibgong2019-04-30g16:17:09.
, 9
g g
The Health Workforce
g g
Joanne Spetz and Susan A. Chapman
g g g g g
LEARNING OBJECTIVES g
▶g Identifygwhogisgpartgofgtheghealthgworkforce
▶g Understandgthegimportance gofgthegentireghealthgworkforcegingdeliveringghealthgc
aregservices
▶g Describegthegdifferentgeducationgpathsgforgtheghealthgworkforce
▶g g Criticallyg assessg theg reasonsg forg shortagesg ofg healthg careg providers
▶g g Reviewgnewgmodelsgandgnewgrolesgofgdeployingghealthgworkers
▶g g Assess gthegeffects gofghealth greformgongtheghealthgworkforce
KEY TERMSg
▶g healthgprofessionals
▶g g interprofessional geducation
▶g g laborgmarket
Copyrightg©g2018.gSpringergPublishinggCompany.gAllgrightsgreserv
▶g g licensure
▶g on-the-jobgtraining
▶g g scopegofgpractice
TOPICAL OUTLINE g
▶g g Whogisgpartgofgtheghealth gworkforce?
▶g Traditionalgapproaches gtoghealthgworkforcegplanning
▶g Healthgworkforcegeducation
▶g Criticalgissuesgforgtheghealthgworkforce
▶g Buildinggthegfutureghealthgcaregworkforce
ed.
JonasgandgKovner'sgHealthgCaregDeliverygingthegUnitedgStates,g12thgEdition,geditedgbygJamesgR.,gPhDgKnickman,gandgBrian,gPhD,gMPHgElbe
l,g SpringergPublishinggCompany,g2018.gProQuestgEbookgCentral,ghttp://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uablib/detail.action?docID=5630705.
Createdgfromguablibgong2019-04-30g16:17:09.
, 232g g Partg III.g Medicalg Care:g Treatingg Americans’g Medicalg Problems
INTRODUCTION
Theghealthgcaregworkforcegisgessentialgtogthegdeliverygofghealthgcare;gessentiallygallgt
ypesgofghealthgservicesgrequiregthegcontributionsgofgindividualgworkers.gTheghealth
careg workforceg includesg well-knowng profes-
gsionalsgsuchgasg nurses,g pharmacists,g andgden-
gtists;gitgalso gincludes gmanygother, glessgobvious g p
rofessionsgthatgencompassgagwidegvarietygofgtec
g g g
hnicians,g therapists,g assistants,g adminis-
gtrativegpersonnel,gandgmanagers.gIng2016,gthere
weregapproximatelyg16.4gmilliongjobsgingtheghealthgcaregindustrygingthegUnitedgSt
ates,gandgcompensationgforgthesegjobsgaccountedgforgnearlyghalfgofgtotalghealthgcar
egspending—
$1.03gbilliongofgtheg$2.1gbilliongspentgonghealthgcareg(U.S.gBureaugofgEconomicgAn
alysis,g2017;gU.S.gBureaugofgLaborgStatistics,g2017).gTheghealthgworkforce’sgcent
ralgrolegingallgaspectsgofghealthgcaregandgitsgsignificantgcontribu-
gtiongtogtotalghealthgcaregcostsgguaranteegthatganygpolicies gintendedgtogchangeghowg
healthgcaregisgfinancedgorgdeliveredgwillgbegfundamentallygshapedgbygtheirginterac-
gtionsgwithgthegworkforce. gThisgfactgbecomesgmoregcomplex gwhengonegrecognizes g
thatgtheghealthgworkforcegplaysgangimportantgrolegingeconomicgdevelopmentgandgi
ncomegdistribution.gHealthgcaregjobsgoftengpaygwellgandgaregstable,gandgtheygaregfr
equentlygfilledgbygpeopleglivinggwheregtheghealthgcaregisgprovidedg(Gitterman,gS
petz,g&gFellowes,g2004;gZacker,g2011).gAsghealthgreformgreshapesgthegsystemgofgh
ealthgcaregingthegUnitedgStates,gwegwillgcontinuegtogseegmajorgchangesgingthegsize,gco
mposition,gandgpracticegofghealthgprofessionals.gSuchgchangesgwillgbegcompli-
gcatedgbygthegbroadergrolegofghealthgcaregemploymentgingourgeconomygandgsociety.
WHO IS PART OF THE HEALTH WORKFORCE?
g g g g g g
Copyrightg©g2018.gSpringergPublishinggCompany.gAllgrightsgreserv
Theghealthgworkforcegincludesgallghealthgprofessionalsgandgworkersgwhogcontrib-
gutegtogthegdeliverygofghealthgcare.gThegdeterminationgofgwhogfallsgintogthisgdefinitiong
canginvolvegsomegdebate.gManygoccupationsgaregconsistentlygclassifiedgasgwithingt
heghealthgworkforce,gsuchgasgphysicians,gradiationgtechnologists,gdentalgassistants,ga
ndgnurses.gHealthgoccupationsgalsogincludegpeoplegwhogdognotgworkginghealthgcaregd
eliverygsettingsgbutginsteadgprovideghealthgservicesginghomes,geducationalginstitu-
gtions,gandgothergplaces,gsuchgasghomegcaregaides,gpersonalgcaregassistants,gandgschoolg
nursesg(BipartisangPolicygCenter,g2011;gMatherlee,g2003).gIng2016,gthesegandgrelatedg
healthgcaregoccupationsgincludedgmoregthang13.1gmilliongpeople,gaccountinggforg
nearlyg1ging12gworkersgingthegUnitedgStatesg(U.S.gBureaugofgLaborgStatistics,g2017).
Theg largestg healthg careg occupationg isg registeredg nursesg (RNs),g ofg whomg about
2.9gmilliongweregemployedging2016g(U.S.gBureaugofgLaborgStatistics,g2017).gRNsg
ed.
workgingnearlygallghealthgcaregsettings;gaboutg54.4%gworkginghospitalsg(Budden,g
Moulton,gHarper,gBrunell,g&gSmiley,g2016).gPersonalgcaregaides,gofgwhomgtheregareg
aboutg1.5gmillion,garegthegsecond-largestgoccupationginghealthgcaregandgprimarily
JonasgandgKovner'sgHealthgCaregDeliverygingthegUnitedgStates,g12thgEdition,geditedgbygJamesgR.,gPhDgKnickman,gandgBrian,gPhD,gMP
HgElbel,g SpringergPublishinggCompany,g2018.gProQuestgEbookgCentral,ghttp://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uablib/detail.action?docI
D=5630705.
Createdgfromguablibgong2019-04-30g16:17:09.
g g
MEDICAL CARE: TREATING AMERIC
g g g
ANS’ MEDICAL
g
PROBLEMS
Copyrightg©g2018.gSpringergPublishinggCompany.gAllgrightsgreserv
ed.
JonasgandgKovner'sgHealthgCaregDeliverygingthegUnitedgStates,g12thgEdition,geditedgbygJamesgR.,gPhDgKnickman,gandgBrian,gPhD,gMPHgElbe
l,g SpringergPublishinggCompany,g2018.gProQuestgEbookgCentral,ghttp://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uablib/detail.action?docID=5630705.
Createdgfromguablibgong2019-04-30g16:17:09.
,Copyrightg©g2018.gSpringergPublishinggCompany.gAllgrightsgreserv
ed.
JonasgandgKovner'sgHealthgCaregDeliverygingthegUnitedgStates,g12thgEdition,geditedgbygJamesgR.,gPhDgKnickman,gandgBrian,gPhD,gMP
HgElbel,g SpringergPublishinggCompany,g2018.gProQuestgEbookgCentral,ghttp://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uablib/detail.action?docI
D=5630705.
Createdgfromguablibgong2019-04-30g16:17:09.
, 9
g g
The Health Workforce
g g
Joanne Spetz and Susan A. Chapman
g g g g g
LEARNING OBJECTIVES g
▶g Identifygwhogisgpartgofgtheghealthgworkforce
▶g Understandgthegimportance gofgthegentireghealthgworkforcegingdeliveringghealthgc
aregservices
▶g Describegthegdifferentgeducationgpathsgforgtheghealthgworkforce
▶g g Criticallyg assessg theg reasonsg forg shortagesg ofg healthg careg providers
▶g g Reviewgnewgmodelsgandgnewgrolesgofgdeployingghealthgworkers
▶g g Assess gthegeffects gofghealth greformgongtheghealthgworkforce
KEY TERMSg
▶g healthgprofessionals
▶g g interprofessional geducation
▶g g laborgmarket
Copyrightg©g2018.gSpringergPublishinggCompany.gAllgrightsgreserv
▶g g licensure
▶g on-the-jobgtraining
▶g g scopegofgpractice
TOPICAL OUTLINE g
▶g g Whogisgpartgofgtheghealth gworkforce?
▶g Traditionalgapproaches gtoghealthgworkforcegplanning
▶g Healthgworkforcegeducation
▶g Criticalgissuesgforgtheghealthgworkforce
▶g Buildinggthegfutureghealthgcaregworkforce
ed.
JonasgandgKovner'sgHealthgCaregDeliverygingthegUnitedgStates,g12thgEdition,geditedgbygJamesgR.,gPhDgKnickman,gandgBrian,gPhD,gMPHgElbe
l,g SpringergPublishinggCompany,g2018.gProQuestgEbookgCentral,ghttp://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uablib/detail.action?docID=5630705.
Createdgfromguablibgong2019-04-30g16:17:09.
, 232g g Partg III.g Medicalg Care:g Treatingg Americans’g Medicalg Problems
INTRODUCTION
Theghealthgcaregworkforcegisgessentialgtogthegdeliverygofghealthgcare;gessentiallygallgt
ypesgofghealthgservicesgrequiregthegcontributionsgofgindividualgworkers.gTheghealth
careg workforceg includesg well-knowng profes-
gsionalsgsuchgasg nurses,g pharmacists,g andgden-
gtists;gitgalso gincludes gmanygother, glessgobvious g p
rofessionsgthatgencompassgagwidegvarietygofgtec
g g g
hnicians,g therapists,g assistants,g adminis-
gtrativegpersonnel,gandgmanagers.gIng2016,gthere
weregapproximatelyg16.4gmilliongjobsgingtheghealthgcaregindustrygingthegUnitedgSt
ates,gandgcompensationgforgthesegjobsgaccountedgforgnearlyghalfgofgtotalghealthgcar
egspending—
$1.03gbilliongofgtheg$2.1gbilliongspentgonghealthgcareg(U.S.gBureaugofgEconomicgAn
alysis,g2017;gU.S.gBureaugofgLaborgStatistics,g2017).gTheghealthgworkforce’sgcent
ralgrolegingallgaspectsgofghealthgcaregandgitsgsignificantgcontribu-
gtiongtogtotalghealthgcaregcostsgguaranteegthatganygpolicies gintendedgtogchangeghowg
healthgcaregisgfinancedgorgdeliveredgwillgbegfundamentallygshapedgbygtheirginterac-
gtionsgwithgthegworkforce. gThisgfactgbecomesgmoregcomplex gwhengonegrecognizes g
thatgtheghealthgworkforcegplaysgangimportantgrolegingeconomicgdevelopmentgandgi
ncomegdistribution.gHealthgcaregjobsgoftengpaygwellgandgaregstable,gandgtheygaregfr
equentlygfilledgbygpeopleglivinggwheregtheghealthgcaregisgprovidedg(Gitterman,gS
petz,g&gFellowes,g2004;gZacker,g2011).gAsghealthgreformgreshapesgthegsystemgofgh
ealthgcaregingthegUnitedgStates,gwegwillgcontinuegtogseegmajorgchangesgingthegsize,gco
mposition,gandgpracticegofghealthgprofessionals.gSuchgchangesgwillgbegcompli-
gcatedgbygthegbroadergrolegofghealthgcaregemploymentgingourgeconomygandgsociety.
WHO IS PART OF THE HEALTH WORKFORCE?
g g g g g g
Copyrightg©g2018.gSpringergPublishinggCompany.gAllgrightsgreserv
Theghealthgworkforcegincludesgallghealthgprofessionalsgandgworkersgwhogcontrib-
gutegtogthegdeliverygofghealthgcare.gThegdeterminationgofgwhogfallsgintogthisgdefinitiong
canginvolvegsomegdebate.gManygoccupationsgaregconsistentlygclassifiedgasgwithingt
heghealthgworkforce,gsuchgasgphysicians,gradiationgtechnologists,gdentalgassistants,ga
ndgnurses.gHealthgoccupationsgalsogincludegpeoplegwhogdognotgworkginghealthgcaregd
eliverygsettingsgbutginsteadgprovideghealthgservicesginghomes,geducationalginstitu-
gtions,gandgothergplaces,gsuchgasghomegcaregaides,gpersonalgcaregassistants,gandgschoolg
nursesg(BipartisangPolicygCenter,g2011;gMatherlee,g2003).gIng2016,gthesegandgrelatedg
healthgcaregoccupationsgincludedgmoregthang13.1gmilliongpeople,gaccountinggforg
nearlyg1ging12gworkersgingthegUnitedgStatesg(U.S.gBureaugofgLaborgStatistics,g2017).
Theg largestg healthg careg occupationg isg registeredg nursesg (RNs),g ofg whomg about
2.9gmilliongweregemployedging2016g(U.S.gBureaugofgLaborgStatistics,g2017).gRNsg
ed.
workgingnearlygallghealthgcaregsettings;gaboutg54.4%gworkginghospitalsg(Budden,g
Moulton,gHarper,gBrunell,g&gSmiley,g2016).gPersonalgcaregaides,gofgwhomgtheregareg
aboutg1.5gmillion,garegthegsecond-largestgoccupationginghealthgcaregandgprimarily
JonasgandgKovner'sgHealthgCaregDeliverygingthegUnitedgStates,g12thgEdition,geditedgbygJamesgR.,gPhDgKnickman,gandgBrian,gPhD,gMP
HgElbel,g SpringergPublishinggCompany,g2018.gProQuestgEbookgCentral,ghttp://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uablib/detail.action?docI
D=5630705.
Createdgfromguablibgong2019-04-30g16:17:09.
