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f f f f f f f f f f f
Chapterf2—EthicsfinfResearch
MULTIPLEfCHOICEfQUESTIONS
UnethicalfResearchfPractices–PastfandfPfresent
Anfexaminationfoffethicalfissuesfinfresearchfinfthef20thfcenturyfrevealsfthat
a. thefNazifatrocitiesfinfWorldfWarfIIfcreatedfthefonlyfmajorfethicalfproblemsfinfres
earch.
b. therefhavefbeenffewfnotablefproblemsfinftheflastf20fyears.
*c.f researchersfinfthefUnitedfStatesfhavefengagedfinfresearchfpracticesfthatfseriouslyfviolate
dfethicalfprinciples.
d.f psychologicalfresearchfhasfbeenfamongfthefmostfconsistentfoffendersfregardingfethicalfp
roblems.
ResearchersfatfthefTuskegeefInstitutefviolatedfethicalfprinciplesfwhenfthey
a. servedffoodfcontainingfradioactivefsubstancesftofdevelopmentallyfdisabledfchildren.
*b.f withheldftreatmentfforfsyphilisfoverfdecadesffromfblackfpatients.
c. usedfchemicalsftofsterilizefwomenfinvoluntarily.
d. withheldfantipsychoticfdrugsffromfschizophrenicfpatientsfinfafresearchfproject.
**ResearchersfatfthefUniversityfoffCincinnatifwantedftofinvestigatefhowfmuchfradiationfmi
litaryfpersonnelfcouldfbefexposedftofandfstillffunction.f Inforderftofstudyfthefeffectsfoffradiati
on,fthey
*a.f gaveffoodfwithfradioactivefsubstancesftofdevelopmentallyfdisabledfchildren.
b. withheldftreatmentffromfpatientsfwhofhadfbeenfaccidentallyfexposedftofradiation.
c. exposedfpsychiatricfpatientsftofradiationfwithoutfinformedfconsent.
d. subjectedfcancerfpatientsftofwhole-bodyfradiationfwithoutfinformedfconsent.
ResearchersfatfthefMassachusettsfInstitutefoffTechnologyfengagedfinfethicallyftroublesomef
researchfonfexposureftofradiationfinfthef1950sfwhenfthey
a. exposedfsyphilisfpatientsftofradiationfasfpartfoffnormalftreatment.
b. usedfwhole-
bodyfradiationfonfterminallyfillfcancerfpatientsfwithoutfgivingfinformedfconsent.
c. sterilizedfpatientsfusingfradiationfratherfthanfusingfother,facceptedfmethods.
*d.f fedffoodfwithfradioactivefsubstancesftofchildrenflivingfinfaffacilityfforfthefdevelopmenta
llyfdisabled.
**Infrecentfpsychologicalfresearchfthatfhasfreceivedfcriticismfonfethicalfgrounds,fthefauthor
sf(KaganfandfListon,f2002)
*a.ffailedftofcitefresearchfbyfotherfpsychologistsfthatfwasfimportantfandfrelevantftofthefdevel
opmentfofftheirfideas.
b. claimedftofhavefcompletedfafstudyfbutftheyfdidfnotfactuallyfcarryfitfout.
c. subjectedfparticipantsftofhighflevelsfoffpainfwithoutffirstfobtainingfinformedfconsent.
d. publishedfaffigurefthatforiginallyfcameffromfthefresearchfoffotherfpsychologistsfthatfha
dfappearedfinfafdifferentfjournal
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Psychologicalfresearchfthatfisfethicallyf veryftroublesome
*a.f isffairlyfrare,fwithfthefmostffrequentfexamplesfhavingfoccurredfseveralfdecadesfago.
b. wasffirstfidentifiedfafcenturyfagofandfcontinuesftofthisfdayfonfaffrequentfbasis.
c. involvesffalsifyingforffabricatingfdatafinfupftofhalffoffthefresearchfassociatedfwithfco
mpetitiveffederalfgrants.
d. ledftofthefdevelopmentfoffthefNuremburgfCodefthatflistsfthefrightsfoffparticipantsfinfrese
arch.
**AccordingftofresearchfbyfthefU.S.fOfficefoffResearchfIntegrity,fthefmostffrequentlyfoccur
ringfethicalfoffensesfinvolved
a. departingffromfprotocolsfforfrandomlyfassigningfparticipantsftofgroups.
*b.f falsifyingforffabricatingfdata.
c.f plagiarizingfbyfclaimingfthatfanotherfresearcher’sfdatafwerefthefoffender’sfownfdata.
d.f completelyffabricatingf(i.e.,fmakingfup)fdetailsfoffstudiesfthatfwerefneverfactuallyfconduc
ted.
AccordingftofresearchfbyfthefOfficefoffResearchfIntegrityfonfethicsfinfresearch,
a. therefisfanfextremelyflowflevelfoffethicalfviolationsfinfresearchfinfthefUnitedfStates.
b. thefsingleflargestfcategoryfoffviolationsfisfplagiarismfoffothers’fwork.
*c.fwhenfresearchersfactfunethically,fitfisfmostflikelyftofinvolvefeitherfmakingfupforffalsifyin
gf data.
d.falmostfeveryfresearcherfknowsfoffcasesfoffethicalfviolationsfbyfothersfthatfgofunreported.
Onefoffthefmainfproblemsfassociatedfwithfresearchfwithfpsychiatricfpopulationsfisfthat
a.f theyfarefsofdifferentffromfonefanotherfthatfitfisfethicallyftroublesomeftofputfthemfinftreatm
entsfthatfarefstandardizedfratherfthanfindividualized.
*b.f theyfmayfnotfbefableftofgiveftrulyfinformedfconsentfbecausefofftheirfpsychiatricfproblem
s.
c.f suchfresearchfhasftofinvolvefplacebofgroupsfforfwhomftreatmentfisfwithheld.
d.f outside,fpharmaceuticalfcompaniesfmayfprovideffunding.
Pharmaceuticalfcompaniesfhavefcomefunderfcriticismfonfethicalfgroundsfbyfresearchersfbec
ausefthefcompanies
a. havefmadefsofmuchfmoneyfresearchingfandfproducingfdrugsfforfthefveryfill.
b. havefwaitedfmuchftooflongftofreleasefdrugsfthatfwouldfbenefitfpeoplefwhofhavefnofoth
erfeffectivefdrugs.
*c.ftheyfhavefhiredfmedicalfpersonnelftofsupervisefdrugfresearchfafterfthosefpeoplefhadfbeen
faccusedfoffseriousfethical fviolationsfinfresearchfandftreatingfpatients.
d.fregularlyffailftofreceivefinformedfconsentfbyfthefpatientsftheyfstudy.
EthicalfGuidelinesfCreatedfbyfthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociation
ThefethicalfprinciplesfdevelopedfbyfthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfcontainfguide
linesfforfachievingfthefhighestfidealsfoffpsychology.f Thesefprinciplesfarefcalled
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Research Methods and Statistics 1st Edition Beins
f f f f f f f f f f f
*a.f aspirationalfgoals.
b. ethicalfstandards.
c. enforceablefrules.
d. principlesfoffbeneficence.
**Thefenforceablefrulesfoffconductfassociatedfwithfthefethicalfprinciplesfdevelopedfbyfthef
AmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfare
a. aspirationalfgoals.
b. principlesfoffresponsibility.
*c.f ethicalfstandards.
d.f ethico-legalfprinciples.
WhichfoffthefGeneralfPrinciplesfoffthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfrelatesftofmaxi
mizingfthefpositivefoutcomesfandfminimizingfnegativefoutcomesfoffwork?
a. fidelityfandfresponsibility
b. integrity
c. respectfforfpeople’sfrightsfandfdignity
*d.f beneficencefandfnonmaleficence
Iffafpsychologistfhasfafconflictfoffinterestfeitherfinfresearchforfinfclinicalfpracticefwhenfacti
ngfasfafprofessional,fthefGeneralfEthicalfPrinciplefthatfrelatesftofthefpsychologist’sfactivit
yfis
a. fidelityfandfresponsibility.
b. integrity.
c. justice.
*d.f beneficencefandfnonmaleficence.
WhichfoffthefGeneralfPrinciplesfoffthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfrelatesftofactin
gfwithfprofessionalismfinfdealingfwithfothers?
*a.f fidelityfandfresponsibility
b. integrity
c. beneficencefandfnonmaleficence
d. respectfforfpeople’sfrightsfandfdignity
**Afpsychologistfwhofisfprovidingftherapyfforfafpersonfshouldfnotfdevelopfafcloseffriendship
fwithfthefclientfbecausefsuchfdualfrelationshipsfcanfcompromisefthefsuccess fofftheftherapy.f T
hisfproblemfrelatesftofwhichfGeneralfEthicalfPrinciplefoffthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssoci
ation?
a. beneficencefandfnonmaleficence
b. respectfforfpeople’sfrightsfandfdignity
c. justice
*d.f fidelityfandfresponsibility
WhichfoffthefGeneralfPrinciplesfoffthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfrelatesftofpr
omotingfone’sfselffandfone’sfworkfaccurately?
a. fidelityfandfresponsibility
mynursytest.store
f f f f f f f f f f f
Chapterf2—EthicsfinfResearch
MULTIPLEfCHOICEfQUESTIONS
UnethicalfResearchfPractices–PastfandfPfresent
Anfexaminationfoffethicalfissuesfinfresearchfinfthef20thfcenturyfrevealsfthat
a. thefNazifatrocitiesfinfWorldfWarfIIfcreatedfthefonlyfmajorfethicalfproblemsfinfres
earch.
b. therefhavefbeenffewfnotablefproblemsfinftheflastf20fyears.
*c.f researchersfinfthefUnitedfStatesfhavefengagedfinfresearchfpracticesfthatfseriouslyfviolate
dfethicalfprinciples.
d.f psychologicalfresearchfhasfbeenfamongfthefmostfconsistentfoffendersfregardingfethicalfp
roblems.
ResearchersfatfthefTuskegeefInstitutefviolatedfethicalfprinciplesfwhenfthey
a. servedffoodfcontainingfradioactivefsubstancesftofdevelopmentallyfdisabledfchildren.
*b.f withheldftreatmentfforfsyphilisfoverfdecadesffromfblackfpatients.
c. usedfchemicalsftofsterilizefwomenfinvoluntarily.
d. withheldfantipsychoticfdrugsffromfschizophrenicfpatientsfinfafresearchfproject.
**ResearchersfatfthefUniversityfoffCincinnatifwantedftofinvestigatefhowfmuchfradiationfmi
litaryfpersonnelfcouldfbefexposedftofandfstillffunction.f Inforderftofstudyfthefeffectsfoffradiati
on,fthey
*a.f gaveffoodfwithfradioactivefsubstancesftofdevelopmentallyfdisabledfchildren.
b. withheldftreatmentffromfpatientsfwhofhadfbeenfaccidentallyfexposedftofradiation.
c. exposedfpsychiatricfpatientsftofradiationfwithoutfinformedfconsent.
d. subjectedfcancerfpatientsftofwhole-bodyfradiationfwithoutfinformedfconsent.
ResearchersfatfthefMassachusettsfInstitutefoffTechnologyfengagedfinfethicallyftroublesomef
researchfonfexposureftofradiationfinfthef1950sfwhenfthey
a. exposedfsyphilisfpatientsftofradiationfasfpartfoffnormalftreatment.
b. usedfwhole-
bodyfradiationfonfterminallyfillfcancerfpatientsfwithoutfgivingfinformedfconsent.
c. sterilizedfpatientsfusingfradiationfratherfthanfusingfother,facceptedfmethods.
*d.f fedffoodfwithfradioactivefsubstancesftofchildrenflivingfinfaffacilityfforfthefdevelopmenta
llyfdisabled.
**Infrecentfpsychologicalfresearchfthatfhasfreceivedfcriticismfonfethicalfgrounds,fthefauthor
sf(KaganfandfListon,f2002)
*a.ffailedftofcitefresearchfbyfotherfpsychologistsfthatfwasfimportantfandfrelevantftofthefdevel
opmentfofftheirfideas.
b. claimedftofhavefcompletedfafstudyfbutftheyfdidfnotfactuallyfcarryfitfout.
c. subjectedfparticipantsftofhighflevelsfoffpainfwithoutffirstfobtainingfinformedfconsent.
d. publishedfaffigurefthatforiginallyfcameffromfthefresearchfoffotherfpsychologistsfthatfha
dfappearedfinfafdifferentfjournal
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Research Methods and Statistics 1st Edition Beins
f f f f f f f f f f f
Psychologicalfresearchfthatfisfethicallyf veryftroublesome
*a.f isffairlyfrare,fwithfthefmostffrequentfexamplesfhavingfoccurredfseveralfdecadesfago.
b. wasffirstfidentifiedfafcenturyfagofandfcontinuesftofthisfdayfonfaffrequentfbasis.
c. involvesffalsifyingforffabricatingfdatafinfupftofhalffoffthefresearchfassociatedfwithfco
mpetitiveffederalfgrants.
d. ledftofthefdevelopmentfoffthefNuremburgfCodefthatflistsfthefrightsfoffparticipantsfinfrese
arch.
**AccordingftofresearchfbyfthefU.S.fOfficefoffResearchfIntegrity,fthefmostffrequentlyfoccur
ringfethicalfoffensesfinvolved
a. departingffromfprotocolsfforfrandomlyfassigningfparticipantsftofgroups.
*b.f falsifyingforffabricatingfdata.
c.f plagiarizingfbyfclaimingfthatfanotherfresearcher’sfdatafwerefthefoffender’sfownfdata.
d.f completelyffabricatingf(i.e.,fmakingfup)fdetailsfoffstudiesfthatfwerefneverfactuallyfconduc
ted.
AccordingftofresearchfbyfthefOfficefoffResearchfIntegrityfonfethicsfinfresearch,
a. therefisfanfextremelyflowflevelfoffethicalfviolationsfinfresearchfinfthefUnitedfStates.
b. thefsingleflargestfcategoryfoffviolationsfisfplagiarismfoffothers’fwork.
*c.fwhenfresearchersfactfunethically,fitfisfmostflikelyftofinvolvefeitherfmakingfupforffalsifyin
gf data.
d.falmostfeveryfresearcherfknowsfoffcasesfoffethicalfviolationsfbyfothersfthatfgofunreported.
Onefoffthefmainfproblemsfassociatedfwithfresearchfwithfpsychiatricfpopulationsfisfthat
a.f theyfarefsofdifferentffromfonefanotherfthatfitfisfethicallyftroublesomeftofputfthemfinftreatm
entsfthatfarefstandardizedfratherfthanfindividualized.
*b.f theyfmayfnotfbefableftofgiveftrulyfinformedfconsentfbecausefofftheirfpsychiatricfproblem
s.
c.f suchfresearchfhasftofinvolvefplacebofgroupsfforfwhomftreatmentfisfwithheld.
d.f outside,fpharmaceuticalfcompaniesfmayfprovideffunding.
Pharmaceuticalfcompaniesfhavefcomefunderfcriticismfonfethicalfgroundsfbyfresearchersfbec
ausefthefcompanies
a. havefmadefsofmuchfmoneyfresearchingfandfproducingfdrugsfforfthefveryfill.
b. havefwaitedfmuchftooflongftofreleasefdrugsfthatfwouldfbenefitfpeoplefwhofhavefnofoth
erfeffectivefdrugs.
*c.ftheyfhavefhiredfmedicalfpersonnelftofsupervisefdrugfresearchfafterfthosefpeoplefhadfbeen
faccusedfoffseriousfethical fviolationsfinfresearchfandftreatingfpatients.
d.fregularlyffailftofreceivefinformedfconsentfbyfthefpatientsftheyfstudy.
EthicalfGuidelinesfCreatedfbyfthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociation
ThefethicalfprinciplesfdevelopedfbyfthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfcontainfguide
linesfforfachievingfthefhighestfidealsfoffpsychology.f Thesefprinciplesfarefcalled
mynursytest.store
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Research Methods and Statistics 1st Edition Beins
f f f f f f f f f f f
*a.f aspirationalfgoals.
b. ethicalfstandards.
c. enforceablefrules.
d. principlesfoffbeneficence.
**Thefenforceablefrulesfoffconductfassociatedfwithfthefethicalfprinciplesfdevelopedfbyfthef
AmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfare
a. aspirationalfgoals.
b. principlesfoffresponsibility.
*c.f ethicalfstandards.
d.f ethico-legalfprinciples.
WhichfoffthefGeneralfPrinciplesfoffthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfrelatesftofmaxi
mizingfthefpositivefoutcomesfandfminimizingfnegativefoutcomesfoffwork?
a. fidelityfandfresponsibility
b. integrity
c. respectfforfpeople’sfrightsfandfdignity
*d.f beneficencefandfnonmaleficence
Iffafpsychologistfhasfafconflictfoffinterestfeitherfinfresearchforfinfclinicalfpracticefwhenfacti
ngfasfafprofessional,fthefGeneralfEthicalfPrinciplefthatfrelatesftofthefpsychologist’sfactivit
yfis
a. fidelityfandfresponsibility.
b. integrity.
c. justice.
*d.f beneficencefandfnonmaleficence.
WhichfoffthefGeneralfPrinciplesfoffthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfrelatesftofactin
gfwithfprofessionalismfinfdealingfwithfothers?
*a.f fidelityfandfresponsibility
b. integrity
c. beneficencefandfnonmaleficence
d. respectfforfpeople’sfrightsfandfdignity
**Afpsychologistfwhofisfprovidingftherapyfforfafpersonfshouldfnotfdevelopfafcloseffriendship
fwithfthefclientfbecausefsuchfdualfrelationshipsfcanfcompromisefthefsuccess fofftheftherapy.f T
hisfproblemfrelatesftofwhichfGeneralfEthicalfPrinciplefoffthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssoci
ation?
a. beneficencefandfnonmaleficence
b. respectfforfpeople’sfrightsfandfdignity
c. justice
*d.f fidelityfandfresponsibility
WhichfoffthefGeneralfPrinciplesfoffthefAmericanfPsychologicalfAssociationfrelatesftofpr
omotingfone’sfselffandfone’sfworkfaccurately?
a. fidelityfandfresponsibility
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