Teaching Population Health: Innovations in the integration of t
b b b b b b b b
he healthcare and public health systems
b b b b b
RosemarybM.bCaron
UniversitybofbNewbHampshire,bDurham,b
AnnebM.bHewittbJul
iebH.bCarmaltbEdm
ondbA.bHooker
, Teachingpopulationhealth527
TEAcHInG PoPulAtIOn HEAltH: InnovAtIOns In tHE IntEGrAtIOn o
b b b b b b b
F tHE HEAltHcArE AnD PuBlIc HEAltH SystEms
b b b b b b
RosEmArybM.bCAron,bPHD,bMPH,bAnnEbM.bHEWItt,bPHD,bJulIEbH.bCArmAlt,bPHD,b&bEDmonD AbHo B
oKEr,bMD,bDrPH
ABStrAct
Populationbhealthbisbabcriticalbconceptbinbhealthcarebdeliverybtoday.bManybhealthcarebadministratorsbarebstrugglingbtob
adaptbtheirborganizationbfrombfee-bfor-
servicebtobvaluebdelivery.bPayersbandbpatientsbexpectbhealthcarebleadersbtobunderstandbhowbtobdeliverbcarebunderbthisb
newbmodel.bHealthbadministrationbprogramsbplaybabcriticalbrolebinbtrainingbfuturebleadersbofbhealthcareborganizationsb
tobbebadaptablebandbeffectivebinbthisbdynamicbenvironment.bThebpurposebofbthisbresearchbwasbto:b(a)bengagebcurrentbe
ducatorsbofbhealthbadministrationbstudentsbinbabdialoguebaboutbthebbestbpracticesbofbintegratingbthebhealthcarebandbpu
blicbhealthbsystems;b(b)bidentifybthebcontentbandbpedagogybforbpopulationbhealthbinbthebundergraduatebandbgraduatebc
urricula;bandb(c)bdiscussbexemplarbpopu-
blationbhealthbcurriculumbmodels,bavailablebcoursebmaterials,bandbcurriculumbintegrationboptions.bAuthorsbconductedb
focusbgroupsbofbparticipantsbattend-
bingbthisbeducationalbsessionbatbtheb2017bannualbAUPHAbmeeting.bQualitativebanalysisbofbthebfocusbgroupbdiscussionsb
wasbperformedbandbthemesbidentifiedbbybabconsensusbprocess.bStudybfindingsbprovidebvalidatedbrecommendationsbfo
rbpopulationbhealthbinbthebhealthbadministrationbcurriculum.bThebidentifica-
btionbofbkeybcontentbareasbandbpedagogicalbapproachesbservesbtobinformbhealthbeducatorsbasbtheybpreparebfuturebhealt
hbadministratorsbtobpracticebinbthisbnewberabofbpopulationbhealth.
Pleasebaddressbcorrespondencebto:bRosemarybM.bCaron,bPhD,bMPH,bDepartmentbofbHealthbManagementbandbPolicy,bCollegebofbHealthbandbHu
manbServices,bUniversitybofbNewbHamp-bshire,b#319bHewittbHall,b4bLibrarybWay,bDurham,bNHb03824;bEmail:
, 528 TheJournalofHealthAdministrationEducation Fallb2018
IntroDuctIOnbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbEnsuringbthatbmembersbofbsocietybarebhealthybandbreac
hingbtheirbfullbpotentialbrequiresbthatbthebmissionsbforbbothbthebpublicbhealthbandbhealthcarebsectorsbbebachieved.bThes
ebmissionsbarebcomplementarybinbthatbpublicbhealthbaimsbtobpreventbdiseasebandbinjury,bpromotebhealthbandbwell-
being,bandbassurebconditionsbinbwhichbpeoplebcanbbebhealthy.bHealthcarebaimsbtobprovidebtreat-
bmentbthatbisbtimely,beffective,bandbcoordinatedb(IOM,b2012).bHowever,bthebInstitutebofbMedicineb(IOM)belucidatedbinbt
heirb2012breport,bPrimarybCarebandbPublicbHealth:bExploringbIntegrationbtobImprovebPopulationbHealth,bthatbthebworkbofbtheb
publicbhealthbsystembandbthebhealthcarebsystemb“isboftenbcarriedboutbin
relativebisolation”b(IOM,b2012).bThebIOMbfurtherbelaborates,b“Thebtraditionalbseparationbbetweenbprimarybhealthcareb
providersbandbpublicbhealthbprofes-
bsionalsbisbimpedingbgreaterbsuccessbinbmeetingbtheirbsharedbgoalbofbensuringbthebhealthbofbpopulations”b(IOM,b2012).b
Thus,binbthisbpivotalbreportbthebIOMb(2012)brecommendsbthatb“thebintegrationbofbprimarybcarebandbpublicbhealthbcoul
dbenhancebthebcapacitybofbbothbsectorsbtobcarryboutbtheirbrespectivebmis-
bsionsbandblinkbwithbotherbstakeholdersbtobcatalyzebabcollaborative,binter-
sectoralbmovementbtowardbimprovedbpopulationbhealth.”
Populationbhealthbdefined
Populationbhealth,baccordingbtobthebCentersbforbDiseasebControlbandbPreven-
btion,bisb“anbopportunitybforbhealthbcarebsystems,bagenciesbandborganizationsbtobworkbtogetherbinborderbtobimprovebth
ebhealthboutcomesbofbthebcommunitiesbtheybserve”b(CentersbforbDiseasebControlbandbPrevention,b2018).bThebCanadianb
Federal,bProvincial,bandbTerritorialbAdvisorybCommitteebonbPopulationbHealth,bdefinesbpopulationbhealthbasb“thebhea
lthbofbabpopulationbasbmeasuredbbybhealthbstatusbindicatorsbandbasbinfluencedbbybsocial,beconomic,bandbphysicalbenvir
on-
bments,bpersonalbhealthbpractices,bindividual bcapacitybandbcopingbskills,bhumanbbiology,bearlybchildhoodbdevelopmen
t,bandbhealthbservices”b(PublicbHealthbAgencybofbCanada,b2012).bRelatedbtobthisbdefinitionbisbthebwell-
referencedbdefinitionbofbpopulationbhealthbasbabconceptbofbhealthbbybKindigbandbStod-
bdartb(2003):b“Thebhealthboutcomesbofbabgroupbofbindividuals,bincludingbthebdistributionbofbsuchboutcomesbwithinbthisb
group.”bKindigbandbStoddartb(2003)bsuggestbthatbthebpopulationbofbindividualsbcanbbebexplainedbandbdescribedbinbnu
merousbwaysb(e.g.,bgeographicbregions,bethnicbgroups,bemployees)bandbthatbmanybdeterminantsbofbhealthb(e.g.,bsocialb
andbphysicalbenvironment,baccessbtobhealthcare)bhavebtheirbbiologicalbimpactblargelybatbabpopulationblevel.bWhenbmea
suringboutcomesbforbpopulationbhealth,bParrishb(2010),bproposesbthatb“anbidealbpopulationbhealthbmetricbshouldbreflec
tbabpopulation’sbdynamicbstatebofbphysical,bmental,bandbsocialbwell-being.”
b b b b b b b b
he healthcare and public health systems
b b b b b
RosemarybM.bCaron
UniversitybofbNewbHampshire,bDurham,b
AnnebM.bHewittbJul
iebH.bCarmaltbEdm
ondbA.bHooker
, Teachingpopulationhealth527
TEAcHInG PoPulAtIOn HEAltH: InnovAtIOns In tHE IntEGrAtIOn o
b b b b b b b
F tHE HEAltHcArE AnD PuBlIc HEAltH SystEms
b b b b b b
RosEmArybM.bCAron,bPHD,bMPH,bAnnEbM.bHEWItt,bPHD,bJulIEbH.bCArmAlt,bPHD,b&bEDmonD AbHo B
oKEr,bMD,bDrPH
ABStrAct
Populationbhealthbisbabcriticalbconceptbinbhealthcarebdeliverybtoday.bManybhealthcarebadministratorsbarebstrugglingbtob
adaptbtheirborganizationbfrombfee-bfor-
servicebtobvaluebdelivery.bPayersbandbpatientsbexpectbhealthcarebleadersbtobunderstandbhowbtobdeliverbcarebunderbthisb
newbmodel.bHealthbadministrationbprogramsbplaybabcriticalbrolebinbtrainingbfuturebleadersbofbhealthcareborganizationsb
tobbebadaptablebandbeffectivebinbthisbdynamicbenvironment.bThebpurposebofbthisbresearchbwasbto:b(a)bengagebcurrentbe
ducatorsbofbhealthbadministrationbstudentsbinbabdialoguebaboutbthebbestbpracticesbofbintegratingbthebhealthcarebandbpu
blicbhealthbsystems;b(b)bidentifybthebcontentbandbpedagogybforbpopulationbhealthbinbthebundergraduatebandbgraduatebc
urricula;bandb(c)bdiscussbexemplarbpopu-
blationbhealthbcurriculumbmodels,bavailablebcoursebmaterials,bandbcurriculumbintegrationboptions.bAuthorsbconductedb
focusbgroupsbofbparticipantsbattend-
bingbthisbeducationalbsessionbatbtheb2017bannualbAUPHAbmeeting.bQualitativebanalysisbofbthebfocusbgroupbdiscussionsb
wasbperformedbandbthemesbidentifiedbbybabconsensusbprocess.bStudybfindingsbprovidebvalidatedbrecommendationsbfo
rbpopulationbhealthbinbthebhealthbadministrationbcurriculum.bThebidentifica-
btionbofbkeybcontentbareasbandbpedagogicalbapproachesbservesbtobinformbhealthbeducatorsbasbtheybpreparebfuturebhealt
hbadministratorsbtobpracticebinbthisbnewberabofbpopulationbhealth.
Pleasebaddressbcorrespondencebto:bRosemarybM.bCaron,bPhD,bMPH,bDepartmentbofbHealthbManagementbandbPolicy,bCollegebofbHealthbandbHu
manbServices,bUniversitybofbNewbHamp-bshire,b#319bHewittbHall,b4bLibrarybWay,bDurham,bNHb03824;bEmail:
, 528 TheJournalofHealthAdministrationEducation Fallb2018
IntroDuctIOnbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbEnsuringbthatbmembersbofbsocietybarebhealthybandbreac
hingbtheirbfullbpotentialbrequiresbthatbthebmissionsbforbbothbthebpublicbhealthbandbhealthcarebsectorsbbebachieved.bThes
ebmissionsbarebcomplementarybinbthatbpublicbhealthbaimsbtobpreventbdiseasebandbinjury,bpromotebhealthbandbwell-
being,bandbassurebconditionsbinbwhichbpeoplebcanbbebhealthy.bHealthcarebaimsbtobprovidebtreat-
bmentbthatbisbtimely,beffective,bandbcoordinatedb(IOM,b2012).bHowever,bthebInstitutebofbMedicineb(IOM)belucidatedbinbt
heirb2012breport,bPrimarybCarebandbPublicbHealth:bExploringbIntegrationbtobImprovebPopulationbHealth,bthatbthebworkbofbtheb
publicbhealthbsystembandbthebhealthcarebsystemb“isboftenbcarriedboutbin
relativebisolation”b(IOM,b2012).bThebIOMbfurtherbelaborates,b“Thebtraditionalbseparationbbetweenbprimarybhealthcareb
providersbandbpublicbhealthbprofes-
bsionalsbisbimpedingbgreaterbsuccessbinbmeetingbtheirbsharedbgoalbofbensuringbthebhealthbofbpopulations”b(IOM,b2012).b
Thus,binbthisbpivotalbreportbthebIOMb(2012)brecommendsbthatb“thebintegrationbofbprimarybcarebandbpublicbhealthbcoul
dbenhancebthebcapacitybofbbothbsectorsbtobcarryboutbtheirbrespectivebmis-
bsionsbandblinkbwithbotherbstakeholdersbtobcatalyzebabcollaborative,binter-
sectoralbmovementbtowardbimprovedbpopulationbhealth.”
Populationbhealthbdefined
Populationbhealth,baccordingbtobthebCentersbforbDiseasebControlbandbPreven-
btion,bisb“anbopportunitybforbhealthbcarebsystems,bagenciesbandborganizationsbtobworkbtogetherbinborderbtobimprovebth
ebhealthboutcomesbofbthebcommunitiesbtheybserve”b(CentersbforbDiseasebControlbandbPrevention,b2018).bThebCanadianb
Federal,bProvincial,bandbTerritorialbAdvisorybCommitteebonbPopulationbHealth,bdefinesbpopulationbhealthbasb“thebhea
lthbofbabpopulationbasbmeasuredbbybhealthbstatusbindicatorsbandbasbinfluencedbbybsocial,beconomic,bandbphysicalbenvir
on-
bments,bpersonalbhealthbpractices,bindividual bcapacitybandbcopingbskills,bhumanbbiology,bearlybchildhoodbdevelopmen
t,bandbhealthbservices”b(PublicbHealthbAgencybofbCanada,b2012).bRelatedbtobthisbdefinitionbisbthebwell-
referencedbdefinitionbofbpopulationbhealthbasbabconceptbofbhealthbbybKindigbandbStod-
bdartb(2003):b“Thebhealthboutcomesbofbabgroupbofbindividuals,bincludingbthebdistributionbofbsuchboutcomesbwithinbthisb
group.”bKindigbandbStoddartb(2003)bsuggestbthatbthebpopulationbofbindividualsbcanbbebexplainedbandbdescribedbinbnu
merousbwaysb(e.g.,bgeographicbregions,bethnicbgroups,bemployees)bandbthatbmanybdeterminantsbofbhealthb(e.g.,bsocialb
andbphysicalbenvironment,baccessbtobhealthcare)bhavebtheirbbiologicalbimpactblargelybatbabpopulationblevel.bWhenbmea
suringboutcomesbforbpopulationbhealth,bParrishb(2010),bproposesbthatb“anbidealbpopulationbhealthbmetricbshouldbreflec
tbabpopulation’sbdynamicbstatebofbphysical,bmental,bandbsocialbwell-being.”
