,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Basic Immunology 5th Edition Abbas
n n n n n n n n n
Abbas: Basic Immunology, 5th Edition
n n n n
Chaptern02:nInnatenImmunitynTes
tnBank
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. WhichnofnthenfollowingnstatementsnaboutntheninnatenimmunensystemnisnNOTntrue?
A. Innatenimmunitynisnpresentninnallnmulticellularnorganisms,nincludingnplantsnandninsects.
B. Deficienciesninninnatenimmunitynmarkedlynincreasenhostnsusceptibilityntoninfection,nevenni
nnthensettingnofnannintactnadaptivenimmunenresponse.
C. Innatenimmunitynisnbetternsuitednforneliminatingnvirulent,nresistantnmicrobesnthannisn
adaptivenimmunity.
D. Theninnatenimmunenresponsencannbendividednintonrecognition,nactivation,nandneffectorn
phases.
E. Theninnatenimmunenresponsenagainstnmicrobesninfluencesnthentypenofnadaptivenimmunenr
esponsenthatndevelops.
ANS:nC
Innatenimmunitynisnthenfirstnlinenofndefensenagainstninfections,nyetnmanynpathogenicnmicrobesnhaven
evolvednstrategiesntonresistninnatenimmunity.nAdaptivenimmunity,nbeingnmorenpotentnandnspecialize
d,nplaysnancriticalnroleninndefendingnagainstnthesenvirulentnmicrobes.nInnatenimmunitynisnthenphyloge
neticallynoldestnmechanismnofnmicrobialndefense,nandnitnisnpresentninnallnmulticellularnorganisms,nin
cludingnplantsnandninsects.nStudiesnhavenshownnthatnhamperingneffectornmechanismsnofninnatenimm
unitynrendersnhostsnmuchnmorensusceptiblentoninfection,nevennwithnanfunctionalnadaptivenimmunens
ystem.nItnisnalsontruenthat,nlikenthenadaptivenresponse,ntheninnatenimmunenresponsenconsistsnofnrecog
nition,nactivation,nandneffectornphases.nAlthoughnitnprovidesntheninitial,nrapidnresponsenagainstnmicr
obes,ninnatenimmunityncanninfluencenadaptivenimmunenresponsesntontailornthemnagainstnparticularn
microbes.
2. An4-year-
oldngirlnsteppednonnanrustynnailninnhernbackyard.nTwondaysnlater,nshenisntakenntonthenpediatriciannbe
causenhernheelnisnpainful,nred,nandnswollennandnisnwarmntonthentouch.nAllnofnthenfollowingnarenmec
hanismsnofninnatenimmunitynthatnmaynbenprotectingnthenpatientnagainstnpathogenicnmicrobesninnth
enheelnwoundnEXCEPT:
A. Epithelialnbarriernfunctionnofnthenskinnofnhernfoot
B. Intraepithelialnlymphocytesnpresentninnthenskin
C. Circulatingnneutrophilsnmigratingntonthensitenofnthenwound
D. Solublencytokinesnthatninducenanlocalninflammatorynresponse
E. Circulatingnanti-tetanusntoxinnantibodies
ANS:nE
Secretednantibodiesnagainstnproteinnantigensnareneffectorsnofnhumoralnimmunity,nancomponentnofnth
enadaptivenimmunensystem.nAllnothernmechanismsnlistednarenpartnofntheninnatenimmunensystem.nInta
ctnepithelialnsurfacesnpreventnmicrobialnentry,nandnepithelialncellsnexpressnanti-
microbialnfactors,nsuchnasndefensins.nNeutrophilsnareneffectorncellsnthatnfunctionninnearlynphagocyto
sisnandnkillingnofnmicrobes.nCytokinesnthatnmediateninflammationn(e.g.,ntumornnecrosisnfactor,
Copyrightn©n2016,nElseviernInc.nAllnRightsnReserved.
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interleukin-1,nchemokines)narencomponentsnofninnatenimmunity.nIntraepithe-
lialnTnlymphocytesnpresentninnthenepidermisnandnmucosalnepithelianexpressnanlimitedndiversitynofnant
igennreceptors;nasnsuch,ntheynarenconsideredneffectorncellsnofninnatenimmunitynandnfunctionninnhostn
defensenbynsecretingncytokines,nactivatingnphagocytes,nandnkillingninfectedncells.
3. WhichnofnthenfollowingncomparisonsnofntheninnatenandnadaptivenimmunensystemsnisnFALSE?
A. Theninnatenimmunensystemnisnmorenlikelyntonrecognizennormalnself,nandnthereforencausena
utoimmunity,nthannisnthenadaptivenimmunensystem.
B. Receptorsnusednfornrecognitionninninnatenimmunitynarenencodedninnthengermline,nwhereasnt
hosenofnthenadaptivenimmunensystemnarenencodednbyngenesngeneratednviansomaticnrecombinat
ionnofngermlinenreceptorngenenloci.
C. Theninnatenandnadaptivenimmunensystemsnsharensomenofnthensameneffectornmechanisms.
D. Bothntheninnatenandnadaptivenimmunensystemsncannrecognizennonmicrobialnsubstances.
E. Theninnatenimmunensystemndoesnnotnhavenmemorynbutnthenadaptivenimmunensystemndoes.
ANS:nA
Innatenimmunensystemnreceptorsnarenencodednbyngermlinengenesnthatnhavenevolvedntonrecognizenmi
crobialnstructuresnornmoleculesnproducednbynstressednself,nandnthereforentherenisnlittlenchancenofninn
atenimmunenresponsesntonnormalnself.nBecausenthenspecificitiesnofnadaptivenimmunensystemnrecept
orsn(IgnornTncellnreceptornmolecules)narenrandomlyngeneratednbynsomaticnrecombinationnandnjunctio
nal-
diversitynmechanisms,ntherenisnangreaternchancenthatnthenadaptivenimmunensystemnreceptorsnmaynre
cognizennormalnselfnmolecules,nleadingntonautoimmunity.nMechanismsnofntolerancenminimizenthisn
possibility,nbutnthesenmechanismsncannfail.nThenadaptivenimmunensystemnreceptorsncannrecognizenn
onmicrobialnstructures.nAlthoughnmostninnatenimmunensystemnreceptorsnrecognizenmicrobialnstruct
ures,nsomenToll-
likenreceptorsnandnactivatingnreceptorsnofnnaturalnkillerncellsndonrecognizennonmicrobialnselfnprotei
nsnexpressednbynstressed,ndamaged,norninfectedncells.nMemorynisnanuniquenpropertynofnthenadaptiven
andnnotntheninnatenimmunensystem.
4. Toll-
likenreceptorsn(TLRs)narenanfamilynofnhomologousnreceptorsnexpressednonnmanyncellntypesnandnare
ninvolvedninninnatenimmunenresponses.nTenndifferentnmammaliannTLRsnhavenbeennidentified,nandn
severalnligandsnfornmanynofnthesenreceptorsnarenknown.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnisnanTLRnligand?
A. Single-strandednRNA
B. TransfernRNA
C. Double-strandednDNA
D. UnmethylatednCpGnDNA
E. Heterochromatin
ANS:nD
Morenthann10nmammaliannToll-
likenreceptorsn(TLRs)nhavenbeennidentified,nandneachnappearsntonrecognizenandifferentnsetnofnstructu
resnthatnarenfoundninnpathogenicnmicrobesnbutnnotninnmammalianncells.nSuchnstructuresnarencallednp
athogen-
associatednmolecularnpatternsn(PAMPs).nUnmethylatedncytosinenguanosinen(CpG)nmotifsnarentypic
alnofnbacterialnandnprotozoannDNA,nbutnnotnmammaliannDNA,nandnarenthereforenPAMPs.nTLR9nbin
dsnCpGnDNA.nTransfernRNA,nsingle-nstrandednRNA,ndouble-
strandednDNA,nandnheterochromatinnarenallnnormalncomponentsnofnmammalianncellsnandnarennotnre
cognizednbynTLRs.nDouble-
Copyrightn©n2016,nElseviernInc.nAllnRightsnReserved.
mynursytest.store
, strandednRNAnisnproducednbynsomenvirusesnbutnnotnbynmammalianncellsnandnisnrecognizednbynTLR
3.
Copyrightn©n2016,nElseviernInc.nAllnRightsnReserved.
mynursytest.store
n n n n n n n n n
Abbas: Basic Immunology, 5th Edition
n n n n
Chaptern02:nInnatenImmunitynTes
tnBank
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. WhichnofnthenfollowingnstatementsnaboutntheninnatenimmunensystemnisnNOTntrue?
A. Innatenimmunitynisnpresentninnallnmulticellularnorganisms,nincludingnplantsnandninsects.
B. Deficienciesninninnatenimmunitynmarkedlynincreasenhostnsusceptibilityntoninfection,nevenni
nnthensettingnofnannintactnadaptivenimmunenresponse.
C. Innatenimmunitynisnbetternsuitednforneliminatingnvirulent,nresistantnmicrobesnthannisn
adaptivenimmunity.
D. Theninnatenimmunenresponsencannbendividednintonrecognition,nactivation,nandneffectorn
phases.
E. Theninnatenimmunenresponsenagainstnmicrobesninfluencesnthentypenofnadaptivenimmunenr
esponsenthatndevelops.
ANS:nC
Innatenimmunitynisnthenfirstnlinenofndefensenagainstninfections,nyetnmanynpathogenicnmicrobesnhaven
evolvednstrategiesntonresistninnatenimmunity.nAdaptivenimmunity,nbeingnmorenpotentnandnspecialize
d,nplaysnancriticalnroleninndefendingnagainstnthesenvirulentnmicrobes.nInnatenimmunitynisnthenphyloge
neticallynoldestnmechanismnofnmicrobialndefense,nandnitnisnpresentninnallnmulticellularnorganisms,nin
cludingnplantsnandninsects.nStudiesnhavenshownnthatnhamperingneffectornmechanismsnofninnatenimm
unitynrendersnhostsnmuchnmorensusceptiblentoninfection,nevennwithnanfunctionalnadaptivenimmunens
ystem.nItnisnalsontruenthat,nlikenthenadaptivenresponse,ntheninnatenimmunenresponsenconsistsnofnrecog
nition,nactivation,nandneffectornphases.nAlthoughnitnprovidesntheninitial,nrapidnresponsenagainstnmicr
obes,ninnatenimmunityncanninfluencenadaptivenimmunenresponsesntontailornthemnagainstnparticularn
microbes.
2. An4-year-
oldngirlnsteppednonnanrustynnailninnhernbackyard.nTwondaysnlater,nshenisntakenntonthenpediatriciannbe
causenhernheelnisnpainful,nred,nandnswollennandnisnwarmntonthentouch.nAllnofnthenfollowingnarenmec
hanismsnofninnatenimmunitynthatnmaynbenprotectingnthenpatientnagainstnpathogenicnmicrobesninnth
enheelnwoundnEXCEPT:
A. Epithelialnbarriernfunctionnofnthenskinnofnhernfoot
B. Intraepithelialnlymphocytesnpresentninnthenskin
C. Circulatingnneutrophilsnmigratingntonthensitenofnthenwound
D. Solublencytokinesnthatninducenanlocalninflammatorynresponse
E. Circulatingnanti-tetanusntoxinnantibodies
ANS:nE
Secretednantibodiesnagainstnproteinnantigensnareneffectorsnofnhumoralnimmunity,nancomponentnofnth
enadaptivenimmunensystem.nAllnothernmechanismsnlistednarenpartnofntheninnatenimmunensystem.nInta
ctnepithelialnsurfacesnpreventnmicrobialnentry,nandnepithelialncellsnexpressnanti-
microbialnfactors,nsuchnasndefensins.nNeutrophilsnareneffectorncellsnthatnfunctionninnearlynphagocyto
sisnandnkillingnofnmicrobes.nCytokinesnthatnmediateninflammationn(e.g.,ntumornnecrosisnfactor,
Copyrightn©n2016,nElseviernInc.nAllnRightsnReserved.
mynursytest.store
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Basic Immunology 5th Edition Abbas
n n n n n n n n n
TestnBank 2-2
interleukin-1,nchemokines)narencomponentsnofninnatenimmunity.nIntraepithe-
lialnTnlymphocytesnpresentninnthenepidermisnandnmucosalnepithelianexpressnanlimitedndiversitynofnant
igennreceptors;nasnsuch,ntheynarenconsideredneffectorncellsnofninnatenimmunitynandnfunctionninnhostn
defensenbynsecretingncytokines,nactivatingnphagocytes,nandnkillingninfectedncells.
3. WhichnofnthenfollowingncomparisonsnofntheninnatenandnadaptivenimmunensystemsnisnFALSE?
A. Theninnatenimmunensystemnisnmorenlikelyntonrecognizennormalnself,nandnthereforencausena
utoimmunity,nthannisnthenadaptivenimmunensystem.
B. Receptorsnusednfornrecognitionninninnatenimmunitynarenencodedninnthengermline,nwhereasnt
hosenofnthenadaptivenimmunensystemnarenencodednbyngenesngeneratednviansomaticnrecombinat
ionnofngermlinenreceptorngenenloci.
C. Theninnatenandnadaptivenimmunensystemsnsharensomenofnthensameneffectornmechanisms.
D. Bothntheninnatenandnadaptivenimmunensystemsncannrecognizennonmicrobialnsubstances.
E. Theninnatenimmunensystemndoesnnotnhavenmemorynbutnthenadaptivenimmunensystemndoes.
ANS:nA
Innatenimmunensystemnreceptorsnarenencodednbyngermlinengenesnthatnhavenevolvedntonrecognizenmi
crobialnstructuresnornmoleculesnproducednbynstressednself,nandnthereforentherenisnlittlenchancenofninn
atenimmunenresponsesntonnormalnself.nBecausenthenspecificitiesnofnadaptivenimmunensystemnrecept
orsn(IgnornTncellnreceptornmolecules)narenrandomlyngeneratednbynsomaticnrecombinationnandnjunctio
nal-
diversitynmechanisms,ntherenisnangreaternchancenthatnthenadaptivenimmunensystemnreceptorsnmaynre
cognizennormalnselfnmolecules,nleadingntonautoimmunity.nMechanismsnofntolerancenminimizenthisn
possibility,nbutnthesenmechanismsncannfail.nThenadaptivenimmunensystemnreceptorsncannrecognizenn
onmicrobialnstructures.nAlthoughnmostninnatenimmunensystemnreceptorsnrecognizenmicrobialnstruct
ures,nsomenToll-
likenreceptorsnandnactivatingnreceptorsnofnnaturalnkillerncellsndonrecognizennonmicrobialnselfnprotei
nsnexpressednbynstressed,ndamaged,norninfectedncells.nMemorynisnanuniquenpropertynofnthenadaptiven
andnnotntheninnatenimmunensystem.
4. Toll-
likenreceptorsn(TLRs)narenanfamilynofnhomologousnreceptorsnexpressednonnmanyncellntypesnandnare
ninvolvedninninnatenimmunenresponses.nTenndifferentnmammaliannTLRsnhavenbeennidentified,nandn
severalnligandsnfornmanynofnthesenreceptorsnarenknown.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnisnanTLRnligand?
A. Single-strandednRNA
B. TransfernRNA
C. Double-strandednDNA
D. UnmethylatednCpGnDNA
E. Heterochromatin
ANS:nD
Morenthann10nmammaliannToll-
likenreceptorsn(TLRs)nhavenbeennidentified,nandneachnappearsntonrecognizenandifferentnsetnofnstructu
resnthatnarenfoundninnpathogenicnmicrobesnbutnnotninnmammalianncells.nSuchnstructuresnarencallednp
athogen-
associatednmolecularnpatternsn(PAMPs).nUnmethylatedncytosinenguanosinen(CpG)nmotifsnarentypic
alnofnbacterialnandnprotozoannDNA,nbutnnotnmammaliannDNA,nandnarenthereforenPAMPs.nTLR9nbin
dsnCpGnDNA.nTransfernRNA,nsingle-nstrandednRNA,ndouble-
strandednDNA,nandnheterochromatinnarenallnnormalncomponentsnofnmammalianncellsnandnarennotnre
cognizednbynTLRs.nDouble-
Copyrightn©n2016,nElseviernInc.nAllnRightsnReserved.
mynursytest.store
, strandednRNAnisnproducednbynsomenvirusesnbutnnotnbynmammalianncellsnandnisnrecognizednbynTLR
3.
Copyrightn©n2016,nElseviernInc.nAllnRightsnReserved.
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