Test Bank For Clayton-s Basic Pharmacology for Nurses 18th Edition By Michelle Willihnganz;

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Chapter 02: Basic Principles of Drug Action and Drug Interactions Willihnganz:
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Clayton’s Basic Pharmacology for Nurses, 18th Edition
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MULTIPLEgCHOICE

1. Thegnursegassessesghivesgingagpatientgstartedgongagnewgmedication.gWhatgisgthegnurse’sgpriorityga
ction?
a. Notifygphysiciangofgallergicgreaction.
b. Notifygphysiciangofgidiosyncraticgreaction.
c. Notifygphysiciangofgpotentialgteratogenicity.
d. Notifygphysiciangofgpotentialgtolerance.

ANS:g A
Angallergicgreactiongisgindicativegofghypersensitivitygandgmanifestsgwithghivesgand/orgurticaria,gw
hichgaregeasilygidentified.gAngidiosyncraticgreactiongoccursgwhengsomethinggunusualgorgabnormal
ghappensgwhengagdruggisgfirstgadministered.gAgteratogenicgreactiongrefersgtogthe

occurrencegofgbirthgdefectsgrelatedgtogadministrationgofgthegdrug.gTolerancegrefersgtogthegbody’sgre
quirementgforgincreasinggdosagesgtogachievegthegsamegeffectsgthatgaglowergdosegoncegdid.

DIF: CognitivegLevel:gApplication REF:g p.g17
OBJ:g 4gNAT:g NCLEXgClientgNeedsgCategory:gPhysiologicalgInteg
rity
TOP:g NursinggProcessgStep:gAssessment CON:g ClinicalgJudgmentg|gSafety

2. Thegnursegadministersganginitialgdosegofgagsteroidgtogagpatientgwithgasthma.gThirtygminutesgafterga
dministration,gthegnursegfindsgthegpatientgagitatedgandgstatinggthatg“everyonegisgoutgtoggetgme.”gW
hatgisgthegtermgforgthisgunusualgreaction?
a. Desiredgaction
b. Adversegeffect
c. Idiosyncraticgreaction
d. Allergicgreaction

ANS:g C
Idiosyncraticgreactionsgaregunusual,gabnormalgreactionsgthatgoccurgwhengagdruggisgfirstgadminister
ed.gPatientsgtypicallygexhibitgangoverresponsivenessgtogagmedicationgrelatedgtogdiminishedgmetab
olism.gThesegreactionsgaregbelievedgtogbegrelatedgtoggeneticgenzymegdeficiencies.gDesiredgactionsg
aregexpectedgresponsesgtogagmedication.gAdversegeffectsgaregreactionsgthatgoccurginganothergsyste
mgofgthegbody;gtheygaregusuallygpredictable.gAllergicgreactionsgappeargaftergrepeatedgmedicationg
dosages.

DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge REF:g p.g18
OBJ:g 4gNAT:g NCLEXgClientgNeedsgCategory:gPhysiologicalgInteg
rity
TOP:g NursinggProcessgStep:gEvaluation
CON:g PatientgEducationg|gClinicalgJudgmentg|gCaregivingg|gSafetyg|gSensorygPerception

3. Whichgisgthegbestgdescriptiongofgwhengdrugginteractionsgoccur?
a. Ongadministrationgofgtoxicgdosagesgofgagdrug
b. Ongangincreasegingthegpharmacodynamicsgofgboundgdrugs
c. Ongthegalterationgofgthegeffectgofgonegdruggbyganothergdrug
d. Ongincreasegofgdruggexcretion

ANS:g C

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Drugginteractionsgmaygbegcharacterizedgbygangincreasegorgdecreasegingthegeffectivenessgofgonegor
gbothgofgthegdrugs.gToxicitygofgonegdruggmaygorgmaygnotgaffectgthegmetabolismgofganothergone.g

Drugginteractionsgmaygresultgfromgeithergincreasedgorgdecreasedgpharmacodynamics.
Drugginteractionsgmaygresultgfromgeithergincreasedgorgdecreasedgexcretion.

DIF: CognitivegLevel:gComprehension REF:g p.g18
OBJ:g 5gNAT:g NCLEXgClientgNeedsgCategory:gPhysiologicalgInteg
rity
TOP:g NursinggProcessgStep:gAssessment CON:g Safetyg|gPatientgEducationg|gClinicalgJudgment

4. Whatgoccursgwhengtwogdrugsgcompetegforgthegsamegreceptorgsite,gresultinggingincreasedga
ctivitygofgthegfirstgdrug?
a. Desiredgaction
b. Synergisticgeffect
c. Carcinogenicity
d. Displacement
ANS:g D
Thegdisplacementgofgthegfirstgdruggfromgreceptorgsitesgbygagsecondgdruggincreasesgthegamountgofg
thegfirstgdruggbecausegmoregunboundgdruggisgavailable.gAngexpectedgresponsegofgagdruggisgthegde
siredgaction.gAgsynergisticgeffectgisgthegeffectgofgtwogdrugsgbeingggreatergthangthegeffectgofgeachgc
hemicalgindividuallygorgthegsumgofgthegindividualgeffects.gCarcinogenicitygisgthegabilitygofgagdru
ggtogcausegcellsgtogmutategandgbecomegcancerous.

DIF: CognitivegLevel:gComprehension REF:g p.g19
OBJ:g 6gNAT:g NCLEXgClientgNeedsgCategory:gPhysiologicalgInteg
rity
TOP:g NursinggProcessgStep:gImplementation CON:g Safetyg|gPatientgEducation

5. Whatgdogdruggbloodglevelsgindicate?
a. Theygconfirmgifgthegpatientgisgtakinggaggenericgformgofgagdrug.
b. Theygdeterminegifgthegpatientghasgsufficientgbodygfatgtogmetabolizegthegdrug.
c. Theygverifygifgthegpatientgisgtakinggsomeonegelse’sgmedications.
d. Theygdeterminegifgthegamountgofgdruggingthegbodygisgingagtherapeuticgrange.

ANS:g D
Thegamountgofgdruggpresentgmaygvarygovergtimegandgthegbloodglevelgmustgremaingingagtherapeuti
cgrangegingordergtogobtaingthegdesiredgresult.gGenericgdrugsgdognotgnecessarilygproducegagdiffere
ntgdruggbloodglevelgthangproprietarygmedications.gBodygfatgisgnotgmeasuredgbygdruggbloodglevel
s.gDruggbloodglevelsgonlygmeasuregthegamountgofgdruggingthegbody;gtheygdognotgdeterminegthegso
urcegofgthegmedication.

DIF: CognitivegLevel:gComprehension REF:g p.g17
OBJ:g 3gNAT:g NCLEXgClientgNeedsgCategory:gPhysiologicalgInteg
rity
TOP:g NursinggProcessgStep:gEvaluation CON:g ClinicalgJudgmentg|gSafety

6. Whatgisgthegprocessgbygwhichgagdruggisgtransportedgbygcirculatinggbodygfluidsgtogreceptorgsites?
a. Osmosis
b. Distribution
c. Absorption
d. Biotransformation
ANS:g B

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Distributiongrefersgtogthegwaysgingwhichgdrugsgaregtransportedgbygthegcirculatinggbodygfluidsgtogt
hegsitesgofgactiong(receptors),gmetabolism,gandgexcretion.gOsmosisgisgthegprocessgofgmovinggsol
utiongacrossgagsemipermeablegmembranegtogequalizegthegdilutiongongeachgside.gAbsorptiongisgth
egprocessgbygwhichgagdruggisgtransferredgfromgitsgsitegofgentrygintogthegbodygtogthegcirculatinggflu
idsgforgdistribution.gBiotransformation,galsogcalledgmetabolism,gisgthegprocessgbygwhichgthegbod
yginactivatesgdrugs.

DIF: CognitivegLevel:gComprehension REF:g p.g15
OBJ:g 3gNAT:g NCLEXgClientgNeedsgCategory:gPhysiologicalgInteg
rity
TOP:g NursinggProcessgStep:gPlanning CON:g PatientgEducationg|gClinicalgJudgmentg|gSafety

7. Thegnursegassessesgwhichgbloodglevelgtogdeterminegthegamountgofgcirculatinggmedicationgingagp
atient?
a. Peak
b. Trough
c. Drug
d. Therapeutic
ANS:g C
Whengagdruggisgcirculatinggingthegblood,gagbloodgsamplegmaygbegdrawngandgassayedgtogdetermin
egthegamountgofgdruggpresent;gthisgisgknowngasgthegdruggbloodglevel.gPeakglevelsgaregonlygthosegd
ruggbloodglevelsgthatgaregatgtheirgmaximumgbeforegmetabolismgstartsgtogdecreasegthegamountgofg
circulatinggdrug.gTroughglevelsgaregonlygthosegdruggbloodglevelsgthatgaregatgtheirgminimumgwhen
gmetabolismghasgdecreasedgthegamountgofgcirculatinggdruggandgbeforegangincreasegcausedgbygags

ubsequentgdosegofgthegmedication.gTherapeuticglevelsgaregonlygthosegwithingagprescribedgrangeg
ofgbloodglevelsgdeterminedgtogbringgaboutgeffectivegactiongofgthegmedication.

DIF: CognitivegLevel:gComprehension REF:g p.g17
OBJ:g 3gNAT:g NCLEXgClientgNeedsgCategory:gPhysiologicalgInteg
rity
TOP:g NursinggProcessgStep:gEvaluation CON:g PatientgEducationg|gClinicalgJudgmentg|gSafety

8. Thegnursegadministersg50gmggofgagdruggatg6:00gAMgthatghasgaghalf-
lifegofg8ghours.gWhatgtimegwillgitgbegwheng25gmggofgthegdrugghasgbeengeliminatedgfromgthegbod
y?
a. 8:00gAM
b. 11:00gAM
c. 2:00gPM
d. 6:00gPM
ANS:g C
Fiftygpercentgofgthegmedication,gorg25gmg,gwillgbegeliminatedging8ghours,gorgatg2:00gPM.g8:00gA
Mgisg2ghoursgaftergadministration;gtheghalf-
lifegisg8ghours.g11:00gAMgisg4ghoursgaftergadministration;gtheghalf-
lifegisg8ghours.g6:00gPMgisg12ghoursgaftergadministration;gtheghalf-lifegisg8ghours.

DIF: CognitivegLevel:gAnalysis REF:g p.g15
OBJ:g 2gNAT:g NCLEXgClientgNeedsgCategory:gPhysiologicalgInteg
rity
TOP:g NursinggProcessgStep:gEvaluation
CON:g ClinicalgJudgmentg|gSafetyg|gEliminationg|gHealthgPromotion

9. Whatgwillgthegnursegneedgtogdeterminegfirstgingordergtogmixgtwogdrugsgingthegsamegsyringe?

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