Chapter 1: DNA Structure and Function
n n n n n
MultiplenChoice
Identifynthenchoicenthatnbestncompletesnthenstatementnornanswersnthenquestion.
1. Innwhichnbodynorncellnareanarenmostngenesninnhumansnlocated?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Cytoplasm
D. Plasmanmembrane
2. Whichnconditionnornstatementnexemplifiesnthenconceptnofngenomicsnrathernthanngenetics?
A. Thengenenforninsulinnisnlocatednonnchromosomen11ninnallnpeople.
B. Expressionnofnanynsinglengenenisndependentnonninheritingntwonalleles.
C. Sex-linkednrecessivendisordersnaffectnmalesnmorenoftennthannfemales.
D. Onenallelenforneachngenenisninheritednfromnthenmother,nandnonenisninheritednfromnthenf
ather.
3. WhatnisnthenpurposenofnphosphorousninnanDNAnstrand?
A. Linkingnthennucleotidesnintonanstrand
B. Holdingncomplementarynstrandsntogether
C. Ensuringnthatnanpurinenisnalwaysnpairednwithnanpyrimidine
D. Preventingnthenseparationnofndouble-strandednDNAnintonsingle-strandednDNA
GRADESMORE.COM
4. Whatnisnthentermnusedntondefinenalternativenformsnofnangenenthatnmaynresultninndifferentnexpressionnof
thentraitncodednfornbynthatngene?
A. Alleles
B. Bases
C. Centromeres
D. Diploids
5. Whatnpercentagenofnbasesninnanstretchnofndouble-
strandednDNAnthatncontainsn30%nguaninen(G)nbasesnwouldnbenadeninen(A)?
A. 70%
B. 60%
C. 30%
D. 20%
6. Whatnisnthentermnusedntondescribenthenorganizednpicturenofnthenpairednchromosomesnwithinnancellnusednt
ondeterminenwhethernchromosomennumbers,nstructures,nandnbandingnpatternsnarennormal?
A. Pedigree
B. Phenotype
C. Karyotype
D. Autotype
7. WhatnwouldnbenthensequencenofnDNAnthatnisncomplementaryntonanDNAnsectionnwithnthenbasens
equencenofnGGTCAATCCTTAG?
A. GATTCCTAACTGG
Copyrightn©n2018nF.nA.nDavisnCompany
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
GRADESMORE.COM
, B.n TTGACCGAAGGCT
C.n AACTGGCTTCCGA
D.n CCAGTTAGGAATC
n 8. Whichnofnthesencomplementarynbasenpairsnformnthenstrongestnorn“tightest”nassociation?
A.n Adeninenandnthymine
B.n Cytosinenandnguanine
C.n Guaninenandnthymine
D.n Cytosinenandnadenine
n 9. WhatnactivitynoccursnduringnMnphasenofnthencellncycle?
A.n Thencellnundergoesncytokinesis.
B.n Activitynstops,nandnthencelln“sleeps.”
C.n AllnDNAnisncompletelynreplicated.
D.n Thencellngreatlynincreasesnproteinnsynthesis.
n 10. Whichnchromosomennumbernrepresentsntheneuploidnstatenfornnormalnhumannsomaticncells?
A.n 44
B.n 46
C.n 47
D.n 48
n 11. Howndoesnthenproteomendiffernfromnthengenome?
A.n Thenproteomenchangesninnresponsentonintracellularnandnextracellularnsignals.
B. Then genomen changesn inn respoGnR
seAtD
o nE
inStrM
acOeR
lluEla.rCaO
ndMextracellular n signals.
C. Thenproteomenisnstableninnsomaticncellsnandnunstableninngermncells,nwhereasnthe
genomenisnstableninnbothnsomaticncellsnandngermncells.
D.n Thengenomenisnstableninnsomaticncellsnandnunstableninngermncells,nwhereasnthe
proteomenisnstableninnbothnsomaticncellsnandngermncells.
n 12. Whatnisnthenmostnoutstandingnfeaturenofnanmaturenhaploidncell?
A.n Itnisnusuallynhomozygous.
B.n Thensexnchromosomesnarenmissing.
C.n Onlynonenchromosomenofneachnpairnisnpresent.
D.n DNAnsynthesisnoccursnafternmitosisninsteadnofnbefore.
n 13. Atnwhatnphasenofnthencellncyclenarenchromosomesnvisiblenasnseparatenstructures?
A.n G1
B.n G2
C.n S
D.n M
n 14. WhichnstatementnaboutnthencellncyclenphasenofnG0n isntrue?
A.n Hyperplasticngrowthninnplacenofnhypertrophicngrowth
B.n Performancenofnspecificndifferentiatednfunctions
C.n Initiationnandncompletionnofnnucleokinesis
D.n ReplicationnofnDNA
n 15. WhatnisnthenresultnofnnormalnDNAnreplication?
Copyrightn©n2018nF.nA.nDavisnCompany
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
GRADESMORE.COM
, A. Formationnofntwonnewndaughterncells
B. FormationnofntwonidenticalnsetsnofnDNA
C. Disappearancenofnthenoriginalnparentncell
D. Activationnandnattachmentnofnspindlenfibers
n
16. Whichnstatementnregardingnchromosomenstructurenornfunctionnisntrue?
A. Thenchromatidsnofnanynsinglenchromosomenarenknownnasn“sisternchromatids.”
B. Thengenesnlocatednonnthentelomeresnofnchromosomesnarenidenticalntonthengenesninnt
hencentromeres.
C. Immediatelynbeforenthenmitosisnphasenofncellndivision,nthenchromosomesnofnallns
omaticncellsnarenhaploid.
D. Anspecificngenenallelenonnonenchromosomenhasnancomplementarynallelenonnthenothernc
hromosomenofnanpair.
n
17. Whyndoesnanpersonnwithnnormalnchromosomesnonlynhaventwonallelesnfornanynsinglengenentrait?
A. Anminimumnofntwonallelesnisnrequirednfornthenexpressionnofnmonogenicntraits.
B. Whennandominantnallelenisnpairednwithnanrecessivenallele,nonlynthendominantnallelenisne
xpressed,nandnthenrecessivenallelenisnsilent.
C.n Onenallelenfornthenmonogenicntraitnisnonnthenpaternallynderivednchromosome,nandnthen
othernallelenisnonnthenmaternallynderivednchromosome.
D.n Expressionnofnmorenthanntwonallelesnofnanynsingle-
genentraitnresultsninnenhancednexpressionnofnrecessivenallelesnandnsuppressednexpres
sionnofndominantnalleles.
n n 18.n n Undernwhatnnormalnconditionnarengenotypenandnphenotypenalwaysnthensame?
A.n Euploidynofnalleles GRADESMORE.COM
B.n Aneuploidynofnalleles
C.n Homozygositynofnalleles
D.n Heterozygositynofnalleles
n 19.n WhatnwouldnbenthenexpectednresultnofnandrugnthatnaffectednanparticularntissuenbyncausingnnewnDNAntonfo
rmnwithncovalentnbondsninsteadnofnhydrogennbonds?
A.n NonenofnthencellsninnthenaffectedntissuenwouldnbenablentonleavenG0n andnenternthencellnc
ycle.
B.n ReplicationnofnDNAnwouldnresultninnidenticalnDNAnstrandsninsteadnofncomplementa
rynstrands.
C.n Mitosisnofncellsninnthentissuenwouldnresultninnthenproductionnofnthreennewndaughternce
llsninsteadnofnjustntwo.
D.n Thennewncellsnthatnformednwithinnthisntissuenwouldnnotnbenablentoncompletenthennextnroundn
ofnmitosisnsuccessfully.
n 20. HowndoesnthenDNAnenzymentopoisomerasencontributentonDNAnreplication?
A.n Unwindsnthendoublenhelixnandnseparatesnthendouble-strandednDNA
B.n Createsnan“nick”ninnthenDNAnsupercoils,nallowingnthemntonstraightennbefore
replication
C.n InitiatesnDNAnsynthesisninnmultiplensitesndownnthenstrand,nmakingnthenprocessnmore
efficient
D.n ConnectsnandnlinksnthenindividualnpiecesnofnnewlynsynthesizednDNAntonformna
singlenstrand
Copyrightn©n2018nF.nA.nDavisnCompany
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
GRADESMORE.COM
, n
21. WherenisntelomericnDNAnlocated?
A. Atnthentipsnofnthenpnandnqnarmsnofnchromosomes.
B. Innthenmitochondrianofnallnsomaticncells
C. Onlyninnthengermncellsn(ovanandnsperm)
D. Withinnthenhistonesnofnthensolenoid
n
22. Whatnisnthenpurposenofnanchromosomencentromere?
A. Connectingnsisternchromatidsntonformnanchromosome
B. Preventingnthenchromosomenarmntipsnfromnunraveling
C. AllowingnchromatidsntonseparatenduringnDNAnreplication
D. EnsuringnthatnDNAnreplicationnproceedsnonlyninnthen3'-to-5'ndirection
n
23. Whichngeneticnprocessnwouldnbendisruptedninnonencellnifnitncouldnnotnformnchromosomes?
A. DNAnreplication
B. Gene-directednproteinnsynthesis
C. Deliverynofngeneticninformationntonnewncells
D. Conversionnofnannucleosidenintonannucleotide
n
24. WhatnarenthenexpectednexpressednbloodntypesnofnchildrennbornntonanmothernwhonisnB/Onfornbloodntypenan
dnanfathernwhonisnA/Bnfornbloodntype?
A. 25%nA,n25%nB,n25%nO,n25%nAB
B. 25%nA,n50%nB,n0%nO,n25%nAB
C. 50%nA,n25%nB,n25%nO,n0%nAB
D. 50%nA,n25%nB,n0%nO,n25%nA GBRADESMORE.COM
n
25. Anperson’snkaryotypenshowsn44nautosomesnandnonenXnchromosome.nWhatnisnthenbestninterpretationnof
thisnkaryotype?
A. Thenkaryotypenisnaneuploid,nandnthenindividualnhasnonlynonenallelenforneachnofntheng
enesnonnthenXnchromosome.
B. Thenkaryotypenisnaneuploid,nandnthenindividualnisnexperiencingnthenpathologicn
conditionnofnhaploidy.
C. Thenkaryotypenisneuploid,nmakingnthenindividualnangenotypicnfemalenandnan
phenotypicnmale.
D. Thenkaryotypenisneuploid,nmakingnthenindividualnangenotypicnmalenandnan
phenotypicnfemale.
Copyrightn©n2018nF.nA.nDavisnCompany
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
GRADESMORE.COM
n n n n n
MultiplenChoice
Identifynthenchoicenthatnbestncompletesnthenstatementnornanswersnthenquestion.
1. Innwhichnbodynorncellnareanarenmostngenesninnhumansnlocated?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Cytoplasm
D. Plasmanmembrane
2. Whichnconditionnornstatementnexemplifiesnthenconceptnofngenomicsnrathernthanngenetics?
A. Thengenenforninsulinnisnlocatednonnchromosomen11ninnallnpeople.
B. Expressionnofnanynsinglengenenisndependentnonninheritingntwonalleles.
C. Sex-linkednrecessivendisordersnaffectnmalesnmorenoftennthannfemales.
D. Onenallelenforneachngenenisninheritednfromnthenmother,nandnonenisninheritednfromnthenf
ather.
3. WhatnisnthenpurposenofnphosphorousninnanDNAnstrand?
A. Linkingnthennucleotidesnintonanstrand
B. Holdingncomplementarynstrandsntogether
C. Ensuringnthatnanpurinenisnalwaysnpairednwithnanpyrimidine
D. Preventingnthenseparationnofndouble-strandednDNAnintonsingle-strandednDNA
GRADESMORE.COM
4. Whatnisnthentermnusedntondefinenalternativenformsnofnangenenthatnmaynresultninndifferentnexpressionnof
thentraitncodednfornbynthatngene?
A. Alleles
B. Bases
C. Centromeres
D. Diploids
5. Whatnpercentagenofnbasesninnanstretchnofndouble-
strandednDNAnthatncontainsn30%nguaninen(G)nbasesnwouldnbenadeninen(A)?
A. 70%
B. 60%
C. 30%
D. 20%
6. Whatnisnthentermnusedntondescribenthenorganizednpicturenofnthenpairednchromosomesnwithinnancellnusednt
ondeterminenwhethernchromosomennumbers,nstructures,nandnbandingnpatternsnarennormal?
A. Pedigree
B. Phenotype
C. Karyotype
D. Autotype
7. WhatnwouldnbenthensequencenofnDNAnthatnisncomplementaryntonanDNAnsectionnwithnthenbasens
equencenofnGGTCAATCCTTAG?
A. GATTCCTAACTGG
Copyrightn©n2018nF.nA.nDavisnCompany
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
GRADESMORE.COM
, B.n TTGACCGAAGGCT
C.n AACTGGCTTCCGA
D.n CCAGTTAGGAATC
n 8. Whichnofnthesencomplementarynbasenpairsnformnthenstrongestnorn“tightest”nassociation?
A.n Adeninenandnthymine
B.n Cytosinenandnguanine
C.n Guaninenandnthymine
D.n Cytosinenandnadenine
n 9. WhatnactivitynoccursnduringnMnphasenofnthencellncycle?
A.n Thencellnundergoesncytokinesis.
B.n Activitynstops,nandnthencelln“sleeps.”
C.n AllnDNAnisncompletelynreplicated.
D.n Thencellngreatlynincreasesnproteinnsynthesis.
n 10. Whichnchromosomennumbernrepresentsntheneuploidnstatenfornnormalnhumannsomaticncells?
A.n 44
B.n 46
C.n 47
D.n 48
n 11. Howndoesnthenproteomendiffernfromnthengenome?
A.n Thenproteomenchangesninnresponsentonintracellularnandnextracellularnsignals.
B. Then genomen changesn inn respoGnR
seAtD
o nE
inStrM
acOeR
lluEla.rCaO
ndMextracellular n signals.
C. Thenproteomenisnstableninnsomaticncellsnandnunstableninngermncells,nwhereasnthe
genomenisnstableninnbothnsomaticncellsnandngermncells.
D.n Thengenomenisnstableninnsomaticncellsnandnunstableninngermncells,nwhereasnthe
proteomenisnstableninnbothnsomaticncellsnandngermncells.
n 12. Whatnisnthenmostnoutstandingnfeaturenofnanmaturenhaploidncell?
A.n Itnisnusuallynhomozygous.
B.n Thensexnchromosomesnarenmissing.
C.n Onlynonenchromosomenofneachnpairnisnpresent.
D.n DNAnsynthesisnoccursnafternmitosisninsteadnofnbefore.
n 13. Atnwhatnphasenofnthencellncyclenarenchromosomesnvisiblenasnseparatenstructures?
A.n G1
B.n G2
C.n S
D.n M
n 14. WhichnstatementnaboutnthencellncyclenphasenofnG0n isntrue?
A.n Hyperplasticngrowthninnplacenofnhypertrophicngrowth
B.n Performancenofnspecificndifferentiatednfunctions
C.n Initiationnandncompletionnofnnucleokinesis
D.n ReplicationnofnDNA
n 15. WhatnisnthenresultnofnnormalnDNAnreplication?
Copyrightn©n2018nF.nA.nDavisnCompany
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
GRADESMORE.COM
, A. Formationnofntwonnewndaughterncells
B. FormationnofntwonidenticalnsetsnofnDNA
C. Disappearancenofnthenoriginalnparentncell
D. Activationnandnattachmentnofnspindlenfibers
n
16. Whichnstatementnregardingnchromosomenstructurenornfunctionnisntrue?
A. Thenchromatidsnofnanynsinglenchromosomenarenknownnasn“sisternchromatids.”
B. Thengenesnlocatednonnthentelomeresnofnchromosomesnarenidenticalntonthengenesninnt
hencentromeres.
C. Immediatelynbeforenthenmitosisnphasenofncellndivision,nthenchromosomesnofnallns
omaticncellsnarenhaploid.
D. Anspecificngenenallelenonnonenchromosomenhasnancomplementarynallelenonnthenothernc
hromosomenofnanpair.
n
17. Whyndoesnanpersonnwithnnormalnchromosomesnonlynhaventwonallelesnfornanynsinglengenentrait?
A. Anminimumnofntwonallelesnisnrequirednfornthenexpressionnofnmonogenicntraits.
B. Whennandominantnallelenisnpairednwithnanrecessivenallele,nonlynthendominantnallelenisne
xpressed,nandnthenrecessivenallelenisnsilent.
C.n Onenallelenfornthenmonogenicntraitnisnonnthenpaternallynderivednchromosome,nandnthen
othernallelenisnonnthenmaternallynderivednchromosome.
D.n Expressionnofnmorenthanntwonallelesnofnanynsingle-
genentraitnresultsninnenhancednexpressionnofnrecessivenallelesnandnsuppressednexpres
sionnofndominantnalleles.
n n 18.n n Undernwhatnnormalnconditionnarengenotypenandnphenotypenalwaysnthensame?
A.n Euploidynofnalleles GRADESMORE.COM
B.n Aneuploidynofnalleles
C.n Homozygositynofnalleles
D.n Heterozygositynofnalleles
n 19.n WhatnwouldnbenthenexpectednresultnofnandrugnthatnaffectednanparticularntissuenbyncausingnnewnDNAntonfo
rmnwithncovalentnbondsninsteadnofnhydrogennbonds?
A.n NonenofnthencellsninnthenaffectedntissuenwouldnbenablentonleavenG0n andnenternthencellnc
ycle.
B.n ReplicationnofnDNAnwouldnresultninnidenticalnDNAnstrandsninsteadnofncomplementa
rynstrands.
C.n Mitosisnofncellsninnthentissuenwouldnresultninnthenproductionnofnthreennewndaughternce
llsninsteadnofnjustntwo.
D.n Thennewncellsnthatnformednwithinnthisntissuenwouldnnotnbenablentoncompletenthennextnroundn
ofnmitosisnsuccessfully.
n 20. HowndoesnthenDNAnenzymentopoisomerasencontributentonDNAnreplication?
A.n Unwindsnthendoublenhelixnandnseparatesnthendouble-strandednDNA
B.n Createsnan“nick”ninnthenDNAnsupercoils,nallowingnthemntonstraightennbefore
replication
C.n InitiatesnDNAnsynthesisninnmultiplensitesndownnthenstrand,nmakingnthenprocessnmore
efficient
D.n ConnectsnandnlinksnthenindividualnpiecesnofnnewlynsynthesizednDNAntonformna
singlenstrand
Copyrightn©n2018nF.nA.nDavisnCompany
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
GRADESMORE.COM
, n
21. WherenisntelomericnDNAnlocated?
A. Atnthentipsnofnthenpnandnqnarmsnofnchromosomes.
B. Innthenmitochondrianofnallnsomaticncells
C. Onlyninnthengermncellsn(ovanandnsperm)
D. Withinnthenhistonesnofnthensolenoid
n
22. Whatnisnthenpurposenofnanchromosomencentromere?
A. Connectingnsisternchromatidsntonformnanchromosome
B. Preventingnthenchromosomenarmntipsnfromnunraveling
C. AllowingnchromatidsntonseparatenduringnDNAnreplication
D. EnsuringnthatnDNAnreplicationnproceedsnonlyninnthen3'-to-5'ndirection
n
23. Whichngeneticnprocessnwouldnbendisruptedninnonencellnifnitncouldnnotnformnchromosomes?
A. DNAnreplication
B. Gene-directednproteinnsynthesis
C. Deliverynofngeneticninformationntonnewncells
D. Conversionnofnannucleosidenintonannucleotide
n
24. WhatnarenthenexpectednexpressednbloodntypesnofnchildrennbornntonanmothernwhonisnB/Onfornbloodntypenan
dnanfathernwhonisnA/Bnfornbloodntype?
A. 25%nA,n25%nB,n25%nO,n25%nAB
B. 25%nA,n50%nB,n0%nO,n25%nAB
C. 50%nA,n25%nB,n25%nO,n0%nAB
D. 50%nA,n25%nB,n0%nO,n25%nA GBRADESMORE.COM
n
25. Anperson’snkaryotypenshowsn44nautosomesnandnonenXnchromosome.nWhatnisnthenbestninterpretationnof
thisnkaryotype?
A. Thenkaryotypenisnaneuploid,nandnthenindividualnhasnonlynonenallelenforneachnofntheng
enesnonnthenXnchromosome.
B. Thenkaryotypenisnaneuploid,nandnthenindividualnisnexperiencingnthenpathologicn
conditionnofnhaploidy.
C. Thenkaryotypenisneuploid,nmakingnthenindividualnangenotypicnfemalenandnan
phenotypicnmale.
D. Thenkaryotypenisneuploid,nmakingnthenindividualnangenotypicnmalenandnan
phenotypicnfemale.
Copyrightn©n2018nF.nA.nDavisnCompany
WWW.NURSYLAB.COM
GRADESMORE.COM
