11/03/2022
Neuroscience 131216 P g g
T second Year
g g
Motor control and Motor learning
g g g g
Dr.gMohammadgAl-
Wardat,gPT,gMSc,gPhDgSecondgSem
esterg2022
1
MOTOR CONTROL
g MOTOR LEARNING
g
Basic Concepts
g
1
2
1
, 11/03/2022
CONTENTS
Motor control
g
• Understandinggthegnaturegofgmovement
• Motorg controlgtheories
• Systemsgingmotorgcontrol
Motor learning
g
• Stagesgofg functionalgrecovery
• PrinciplegofgNeuralgplasticity
• Motorg learninggtheories
• Motorg learninggprinciplesgandginfluencingfactors
2
3
gMOTOR CONTROL CONCEPTS
g g g
Motorgcontrolgisgdefinedgasgthegabilitygtogregulategthegmechanisms
gessentialgtogmovement.
(Shumway-CookgAg1995) 4
4
2
, 11/03/2022
MotorgControl
Understandingg theg Natureg ofg Movement
• Stableg vsg mobility,
Movementgemergesgfromgthe e.g.gsittinggvsgwalking
ginteractiongofgthreegfactors: Mobility
Stability • Manipulation
Manipulation
• Action-“Goal-
directed”gmovements Task • Regulatory-
• Perception-Sensorygintegration gEssentialgelementsgthatgdeterminegthegm
• Cognition- • ovement ,e.g. chair height
Non-regulartory-
Mentalgfunctionsgunderlyinggt T Featuresgthatgaregnotgessentialgbutgmayg
g
hegestablishmentgofgaggoal I g M affectgthegperformance,
E e.g. background noise
Cognition Regulatory
Perception Individual Environment
Non-
Action
gregulator
y
(Shumway-CookgAg1995) 5
5
MotorgControl
Theoriesg ofg Motorg Control
Motor Dynamic
Reflex Hierarchical Ecological
programming gsyste
gtheor gtheory gtheory
theory mgtheo
y ry
R.Cano-de-la- 5
Cuerda et al, 2015
6
3
, 11/03/2022
MotorgControl
g1.gReflexgTheorygbygSirgCharlesgSherringtong(1906)
Reflexesgweregtheg buildinggblocksgofg complexbehavior
Basicgstructuregofgagreflex
a. Receptor
b. Conductor
c. Effector
Afferentgsensoryginputsgaregnecessarygpre-requisitegforgefferentgmotoroutput.
(Shumway-CookgAg1995) 7
7
MotorgControl
1.gReflexgTheoryg(cont.)g
g
Reflexgchaining:gcomplexgmovementsgaregagsequencegofg reflexesgelicitedgtogether.
Agstimulusgprovokesgagresponse,gwhichgisgtransformedgintogthegstimulusgofnextgresponse
movement movement movement
response response response
stimulus stimulus stimulus stimulus
(Shumway- 8
Cook A 1995)
8
4
Neuroscience 131216 P g g
T second Year
g g
Motor control and Motor learning
g g g g
Dr.gMohammadgAl-
Wardat,gPT,gMSc,gPhDgSecondgSem
esterg2022
1
MOTOR CONTROL
g MOTOR LEARNING
g
Basic Concepts
g
1
2
1
, 11/03/2022
CONTENTS
Motor control
g
• Understandinggthegnaturegofgmovement
• Motorg controlgtheories
• Systemsgingmotorgcontrol
Motor learning
g
• Stagesgofg functionalgrecovery
• PrinciplegofgNeuralgplasticity
• Motorg learninggtheories
• Motorg learninggprinciplesgandginfluencingfactors
2
3
gMOTOR CONTROL CONCEPTS
g g g
Motorgcontrolgisgdefinedgasgthegabilitygtogregulategthegmechanisms
gessentialgtogmovement.
(Shumway-CookgAg1995) 4
4
2
, 11/03/2022
MotorgControl
Understandingg theg Natureg ofg Movement
• Stableg vsg mobility,
Movementgemergesgfromgthe e.g.gsittinggvsgwalking
ginteractiongofgthreegfactors: Mobility
Stability • Manipulation
Manipulation
• Action-“Goal-
directed”gmovements Task • Regulatory-
• Perception-Sensorygintegration gEssentialgelementsgthatgdeterminegthegm
• Cognition- • ovement ,e.g. chair height
Non-regulartory-
Mentalgfunctionsgunderlyinggt T Featuresgthatgaregnotgessentialgbutgmayg
g
hegestablishmentgofgaggoal I g M affectgthegperformance,
E e.g. background noise
Cognition Regulatory
Perception Individual Environment
Non-
Action
gregulator
y
(Shumway-CookgAg1995) 5
5
MotorgControl
Theoriesg ofg Motorg Control
Motor Dynamic
Reflex Hierarchical Ecological
programming gsyste
gtheor gtheory gtheory
theory mgtheo
y ry
R.Cano-de-la- 5
Cuerda et al, 2015
6
3
, 11/03/2022
MotorgControl
g1.gReflexgTheorygbygSirgCharlesgSherringtong(1906)
Reflexesgweregtheg buildinggblocksgofg complexbehavior
Basicgstructuregofgagreflex
a. Receptor
b. Conductor
c. Effector
Afferentgsensoryginputsgaregnecessarygpre-requisitegforgefferentgmotoroutput.
(Shumway-CookgAg1995) 7
7
MotorgControl
1.gReflexgTheoryg(cont.)g
g
Reflexgchaining:gcomplexgmovementsgaregagsequencegofg reflexesgelicitedgtogether.
Agstimulusgprovokesgagresponse,gwhichgisgtransformedgintogthegstimulusgofnextgresponse
movement movement movement
response response response
stimulus stimulus stimulus stimulus
(Shumway- 8
Cook A 1995)
8
4
