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BDE 244: Species Concepts and Speciation
word of the day: transmogrify
answ>>To grotesquely change appearance in a horrifying way
Word of the day: gourmand
answ>>someone who loves food and as a result eats excessively (ex. a glutton)
What was the significant factor as to why tree frogs were more diverse in the amazon than
anywhere else?
answ>>- how long ago and how many times the tree frogs colonized a new area
- places where frogs arrived earlier and repeatedly such as the amazon had more species
What does a species consist of?
answ>>- interbreeding poplns that evolve independently of other poplns
- can't have singular "specie" always is species, a singular and plural term
,What are the mechanisms of speciation?
answ>>- allopatric
- sympatric
- polyploidization
- hybridization
What is a species?
answ>>- it is latin for kind and a taxonomic unit assigned by linnaeus
- there are many species concepts that describe species because cant define it singularily,
because the world is too diverse
- can be defined by morphological, sexuality, behavioural, genetics, etc.
What is a type specimen?
answ>>- a single individual (usually) that represents the entire species
- form of morphological species concept
- also called tyological species concept
what is the morphological species concept?
answ>>- also called the typological species concept, it characterizes a species based on
morphologicaly similarities
- grouping organisms based on phenotype
- can be used on extant and extinct species that reproduce sexually or asexually, so can be
widely used (ADVANTAGE)
,Explain the type method
answ>>- a form of morphological species concept, which defines species based on
morphology but also considering genetic basis
- TAXONOMY is the type method
- majority of eukaryotes are classified using the type method
What is an issue with morphospecies concept?
answ>>- phenotypic plasticity, where morphologies can change and have variation because
of environmental influences, indepedent of genetic basis (environment induced
morphological changes)
- analogies, where 2 things can look the same but be completely genetically seperate
- cryptic species
- if not done systematically, can have differences in how scientists group species
- difficult to apply to bacteria, archae and many fungi that are small and have few
morphological characters
what are cryptic species?
answ>>- species that cannot be distinguished on the basis of their morphological
characteristics
- from genetic point of view they may be completely different, but physically look the same
- shark vs whale
- hmans are able to distinguish similar morphologies in other mammals, but are much more
challenged when distinguishing insect morphologies
, what do scientists agree is the definition of a species
answ>>- the smallest evolutionary independent unit
- interbreeding in a popln is indepdent of other poplns
How does evolutionary independence occur?
answ>>- when mutation, selection, gene flow and drift operate on poplns seperately
- evolution is changes in allele frequencies and species create a barrier for the spread of
alleles
- as a result, species follow different evolutionary paths
- can't have gene flow when species are close together to have speciation****
Explain the biological species concept
answ>>- species are groups of interbreeding natural poplns that are reproductively isolated
from other groups
who defined biological species concept
answ>>- Ernst Mayr
- developed biological species model (really was a guy named Leyell)
- said that individuals in a species resemble each other due to gene flow, resulting from
interbreeding
What is the criteria for biological species concept's evolution criterion
answ>>- reproductive isolation
Helpful Examination paper tests
“Come all for this greatness”
...100% Correct Ans...
***Determined to success***
BDE 244: Species Concepts and Speciation
word of the day: transmogrify
answ>>To grotesquely change appearance in a horrifying way
Word of the day: gourmand
answ>>someone who loves food and as a result eats excessively (ex. a glutton)
What was the significant factor as to why tree frogs were more diverse in the amazon than
anywhere else?
answ>>- how long ago and how many times the tree frogs colonized a new area
- places where frogs arrived earlier and repeatedly such as the amazon had more species
What does a species consist of?
answ>>- interbreeding poplns that evolve independently of other poplns
- can't have singular "specie" always is species, a singular and plural term
,What are the mechanisms of speciation?
answ>>- allopatric
- sympatric
- polyploidization
- hybridization
What is a species?
answ>>- it is latin for kind and a taxonomic unit assigned by linnaeus
- there are many species concepts that describe species because cant define it singularily,
because the world is too diverse
- can be defined by morphological, sexuality, behavioural, genetics, etc.
What is a type specimen?
answ>>- a single individual (usually) that represents the entire species
- form of morphological species concept
- also called tyological species concept
what is the morphological species concept?
answ>>- also called the typological species concept, it characterizes a species based on
morphologicaly similarities
- grouping organisms based on phenotype
- can be used on extant and extinct species that reproduce sexually or asexually, so can be
widely used (ADVANTAGE)
,Explain the type method
answ>>- a form of morphological species concept, which defines species based on
morphology but also considering genetic basis
- TAXONOMY is the type method
- majority of eukaryotes are classified using the type method
What is an issue with morphospecies concept?
answ>>- phenotypic plasticity, where morphologies can change and have variation because
of environmental influences, indepedent of genetic basis (environment induced
morphological changes)
- analogies, where 2 things can look the same but be completely genetically seperate
- cryptic species
- if not done systematically, can have differences in how scientists group species
- difficult to apply to bacteria, archae and many fungi that are small and have few
morphological characters
what are cryptic species?
answ>>- species that cannot be distinguished on the basis of their morphological
characteristics
- from genetic point of view they may be completely different, but physically look the same
- shark vs whale
- hmans are able to distinguish similar morphologies in other mammals, but are much more
challenged when distinguishing insect morphologies
, what do scientists agree is the definition of a species
answ>>- the smallest evolutionary independent unit
- interbreeding in a popln is indepdent of other poplns
How does evolutionary independence occur?
answ>>- when mutation, selection, gene flow and drift operate on poplns seperately
- evolution is changes in allele frequencies and species create a barrier for the spread of
alleles
- as a result, species follow different evolutionary paths
- can't have gene flow when species are close together to have speciation****
Explain the biological species concept
answ>>- species are groups of interbreeding natural poplns that are reproductively isolated
from other groups
who defined biological species concept
answ>>- Ernst Mayr
- developed biological species model (really was a guy named Leyell)
- said that individuals in a species resemble each other due to gene flow, resulting from
interbreeding
What is the criteria for biological species concept's evolution criterion
answ>>- reproductive isolation
