1
2011v(modifiedv2012)
AUSTRALIANvANDvNEWvZEALANDvCOLL
EGEvOFvVETERINARYvSCIENTISTS
MEMBERSHIPvGUIDELINES
VeterinaryvPharmacology
INTRODUCTION
ThesevMembershipvGuidelinesvshouldvbevreadvinvconjunctionvwithvthevMembershipvCandidatev
Handbook.
ELIGIBILITY
RefervtovSectionv2vofvthevMembershipvCandidatevHandbook.
OBJECTIVES
TovdemonstratevthatvthevcandidatevhasvsufficientvknowledgevofvandvexperiencevinvVeterinaryvPh
armacologyvtovbevablevtovgivevsoundvadvicevtovcolleaguesvonvproblemsvandvproceduresvcommon
lyvencounteredvinvthisvfieldvofvgeneralvveterinaryvpractice.
LEARNINGvOUTCOMES
1. Tovdemonstratevthatvthevcandidatevhasvsound1vknowledgevof:
1.1. Drugvdispositionvandvactionvincludingvpharmacokineticsv[absorption,vdistribution,vm
etabolismvandvexcretionv(ADME)],vpharmacodynamics,vdosevresponsevrelationships,
vvariabilityvofvresponse,vroutesvofvadministration, vmodevofvaction, vdrugvinteractions,vp
harmaceuticvformulations,vandvdeliveryvsystems
1.2. Drugvdevelopmentvandvmanufacturevincludingvdrugvscreening,vdosevratevselection,vrou
tesvofvadministration;vformulation,vstabilityvandvqualityvassurance/controlvofvveterinar
yvdrugsvandvvaccines;vdesign,vanalysis,vandvinterpretationvofvclinicalvstudies;vsafety,veff
icacyvandvresiduevstudyvevaluations
1.3. SystemsvPharmacologyvincludingvclinicalvpharmacologyvofvautonomicvdrugs,vtreatm
entvofvophthalmicvconditions,vneuromuscularvblockingvagents,vdrugsvaffectingvthevcen
tralvnervousvsystem,vdrugsvaffectingvthevgastrointestinalvtract,vlocalvanaesthetics,vauta
coidsvandvdrugsvinteractingvwithvthem,vcorticosteroids,vcontrolvof
1
Knowledgevlevels:
v
Detailedvknowledgev—vcandidatesvmustvbevablevtovdemonstratevanvin-
depthvknowledgevofvthevtopicvincludingvdifferingvpointsvofvviewvandvpublishedvliterature.vThevhighestvlevelvofvk
nowledge.
Soundvknowledgev—
vcandidate vmustvknowvallvofvthevprinciplesvofvthevtopicvincludingvsomevofvthevfiner vdetail, vandvbevablevtovidentifyv
areasvwherevopinionsvmayvdiverge.vAvmiddlevlevelvofvknowledge.
Basicvknowledgev—vcandidatevmustvknowvthevmainvpointsvofvthevtopicvandvthevcorevliterature
Veterinaryv Pharmacologyv Membershipv Guidelinesv 2011
©v2011vThevAustralianvandvNewvZealandvCollegevofvVeterinaryvScientistsvABNv00v50v000894v208
,2
pain,vcardiovascularvdrugs,vtreatmentvofvcongestivevheartvfailurevandvarrhythmias,vagent
svaffectingvvolumevandvcompositionvofvbodyvfluids;vtreatmentvofvascites,vpulmonaryvoe
demavandvshock;vhormones,vandvantagonists
1.4. Chemotherapeuticsvincludingvmodesvofvaction,vresistancevphenomenavandvprudentvusev
ofvantibiotics,vantifungalvagents,vantiviralvagents,vantisepticsvandvdisinfectants,vanthel
mintics,vinsecticides,vacaricidesvandvantineoplasticvagents
1.5. ImmunologyvandvVaccinesvincludingvthevprinciplesvofvimmunology,vspecificvandvnons
pecificvimmunotherapy,vactivevandvpassivevimmunization,vtypesvofvvaccines,vadminist
rationvofvvaccines,vvaccinevfailures,vadversevreactionsvtovvaccines,vadjuvants,vandvimm
unostimulants
1.6. Toxicologyvincludingvthevprinciplesvofvtoxicvdrugvaction,vselectivevtoxicity,vsafetyvte
stingvofvdrugsvincludingvhusbandryvandvthevusevofvexperimentalvanimals,vcommonvpl
antvpoisons,vorganicvpoisonsvincludingvtherapeuticvdrugs,vinorganicvcompoundsvsuc
hvasvthevmetals,vpesticidesvincludingvrodenticides,vtoxinsvofvanimalvorigin,vinvestigat
ionvofvsuspectedvpoisoningvcases,vusevofvemeticsvandvantidotes,vandvrelevancevofvtoxi
cvandvdrugvresiduesvinvcarcassesvandvthevenvironment.
2. Thevcandidatevwillvhavevavbasicvknowledgevof:
2.1. RegulatoryvAffairsvandvLegislationvincludingvthevregistrationvandvlegalvusevofv
veterinaryvproductsvinvAustraliavandvNewvZealandvandvthevregulatoryvenviron
mentvinvwhichvproductvregistrationvoccurs;vquality,vefficacy,vtargetvanimalvsaf
ety,vpublicvhealth,vOH&Svandvtradevissuesvevaluatedvbyvregulatoryvagenciesvd
uringvproductvevaluationvforvregistration;vdrugsvandvpoisonsvscheduling;vadver
sevexperiencevreportingvprograms;vthevuse,vdispensing,vlabellingvandvstoragevo
fvdrugvproductsvandvthevlegislativevconstraintsvonvveterinarians.
3. Thevcandidatevwillvbevablevtovdovthevfollowingvwithvsound2vexpertise:
3.1. discussvthevusevofvdrugsvinvthevcontrol,vpreventionvandvtreatmentvofvcommonvclinicalvc
onditions
3.2. supportvtheirvdiscussionvwithvanvunderstandingvofvhowvdrugsvaffectvthev
pathophysiologyvofvthevdiseasevorvclinicalvsign
3.3. discussvthevusevofvvaccinesvinvthevpreventionvofvspecificvdiseases
3.4. demonstratevavworkingvknowledgevofvthevmajorvdrugsvusedvinvdomesticvspeciesvinv
whichvthevcandidatevhasvanvinterestvorvexperience.
4. Thevcandidatevwillvbevablevtovdovthevfollowingvwithvbasicvexpertise:
4.1. demonstratevavworkingvknowledgevofvthevmajorvdrugsvusedvinvallvspeciesv(avsoundvk
nowledgevisvrequiredvonlyvforvexamplesvofvmajorvdrugsvinvdomesticvspeciesvinvthevar
eavyouvhavevanvinterestvorvexperience)
2
Skillvlevels:
v
Detailedvexpertisev—
vthevcandidatevmustvbevable vto vperformvthevtechniquevwithvavhighvdegreevofvskill,vand vhavevextensive vexperienc
evinvitsvapplication.vThevhighestvlevelvofvproficiency.
Soundvexpertisev—
vthevcandidatevmustvbevable vto vperformvthevtechniquevwithvavmoderate vdegreevofvskill,vand vhavevmoderatevexperie
ncevinvitsvapplication.vAvmiddlevlevelvofvproficiency.
Basicvexpertisev—
vthevcandidatevmustvbevable vto vperformvthevtechniquevcompetentlyvinvuncomplicated vcircumstances
Veterinaryv Pharmacologyv Membershipv Guidelinesv 2011
©v2011vThevAustralianvandvNewvZealandvCollegevofvVeterinaryvScientistsvABNv00v50v000894v208
,3
4.2. interpretvveterinaryvpharmacologyvliteraturevincludingvgraphsvandvdiagrams,vandv
explainingvrationalvdrugvusevinvveterinaryvpractice.
EXAMINATIONS
ForvinformationvonvthevrequiredvstandardvandvformatvforvbothvthevWrittenvandvOralvexamination
s,vcandidatesvarevreferredvtovSectionsv3,v10vandv11vofvthevMembershipvCandidatesvHandbook.vT
hevMembershipvexaminationvhasvtwovseparate,vautonomousvcomponents:
1. WrittenvExaminationv(Componentv1)
WrittenvPaperv1v(twovhours):vPrinciplesvofvthevSubject
WrittenvPaperv2v(twovhours):vAppliedvAspectsvofvthevSubject
2. OralvExaminationv(Componentv2)
Oralv(onevhour)
Thevwrittenvexaminationvwillvcomprisevofvtwovseparatevtwo-
hourvwrittenvpapersvtakenvonvthevsamevday.v Therevwillvbevanvadditionalv15vminutesvperusalvtime
vforveachvpaper,vduringvwhichvnov writingv onv thev examinationv paperv is v permitted.v Inv eachv paper
v youv arev providedv with v four
(4)vquestionsvtovanswer,vworthv30vmarksveach,vgivingvavtotalvofv120vmarksvpervpaper.v Therevisvn
ovchoicevofvquestions.vQuestionsvmayvbevlongvessayvtypevorvavseriesvofvshortervanswervsub-
vquestions.vMarksvallocatedvtoveachvquestionvandvtoveachvsubsectionvofvquestionsvwillvbev clearly
vindicatedvonvthevwrittenvpaper.
WrittenvPaperv1:
Thisvpapervisvdesignedvtovtestvthevcandidate’svknowledgevofvthevprinciplesvofvVeterinaryvPharma
cologyvasvdescribedvinvthevLearningvOutcomes.vThisvwrittenvpapervwillvfocusvonvbasicvconcepts.
WrittenvPaperv2:
Thisvpapervisvdesignedvtov(a)vtestvthevcandidate’svabilityvtovapplyvthevprinciplesvofvVeterinaryvPh
armacologyvtovparticularvcases/problemsvorvtasksvandv(b)vtestvthevcandidate’svfamiliarityvwithvth
evcurrentvpracticesvandvissuesvthatvarisevfromvactivitiesvwithinvthevdisciplinevofvVeterinaryvPhar
macologyvinvAustraliavandvNewvZealand.v Thisvpapervwillvfocusvonvpracticevandvapplications.
OralvExamination:
ThisvexaminationvrequiresvthevcandidatevtovdemonstratevachievementvofvthevLearningvOutcome
svlistedvearlier.vQuestionvmaterialvwillvbevdeliveredvverbally,vandvmayvincludevthevusevofvanvaudi
o-
visualvpresentation.vThevcandidatevwillvdelivervtheirvresponsevtovthevquestionsv withvanvoralvexpl
anation.vThevdurationvofvthisvexaminationvisvapproximatelyvonev(1)vhour.vEightv(8)vquestionsvar
evpresentedvwithvsupportingvinformationvaskedvverballyvinvavface-to-
facevsetting.vThevoralvexaminationvhasvavtotalvofv120vmarksvwithveachvcasevallocatedv15vmarks.
Veterinaryv Pharmacologyv Membershipv Guidelinesv 2011
©v2011vThevAustralianvandvNewvZealandvCollegevofvVeterinaryvScientistsvABNv00v50v000894v208
, 4
RECOMMENDEDvREADINGvMATERIAL
VeterinaryvPharmacologyvcoversvdiversevsubjectvareas.v Thevcandidatevisvexpectedvtovresearchvth
evdepthvandvbreadthvofvthevknowledgevofvthevdiscipline.vThisvlistvisvintendedvisvprovidedvforvrefer
encevtovguidevthevcandidatevtovsomevcorevreferencesvandvsourcevmaterial.vThevlistvisvnotvcompre
hensivevandvisvnotvintendedvasvanvindicatorvofvthevcontentvofvthevexamination.vItvisvnotvexpectedvt
hatvcandidatesvreadvallvreferences,vbutvusevthevreferencesvtovsupportvexistingvknowledgevinvspeci
ficvareas.
DRUGvDISPOSITIONvANDvACTION
AKERS,vM.vJ.v(2002)vExcipient-drugvinteractionsvinvparenteralvformulations.vJvPharmvSci,
91,v2283-300.
ALI,vD.vN.v&vHENNESSY,vD.vR.v(1996)vTheveffectvofvlevelvofvfeedvintakevonvthevpharmac
okineticvdispositionvandvefficacyvofvivermectinvinvsheep.vJournalvofvVeterinaryvPha
rmacologyvandvTherapeutics,v19,v89-94.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1994)vStatisticsvnotes.vQuartiles,vquintiles,vcentiles,vandvot
hervquantiles.vBMJ,v309,v996.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1995)vStatisticsvnotes.vAbsencevofvevidencevisvnotvevidence
vofvabsence.vBMJ,v311,v485.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1995)vStatisticsvnotes.vThevnormalvdistribution.vBMJ,
310,v298.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1996)vStatisticsvnotes.vComparingvseveralvgroupsvusingvan
alysisvofvvariance.vBMJ,v312,v1472-3.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1996)vStatisticsvnotes.vDetectingvskewnessvfromvsum
maryvinformation.vBMJ,v313,v1200.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1996)vStatisticsvnotes.vPresentationvofvnumericalvdata.
BMJ,v312,v572.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1997)vStatisticsvnotes.vUnitsvofvanalysis.vBMJ,v314,v18
74.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1998)vStatisticsvnotes.vGeneralisationvandvextrapolation.
BMJ,v317,v409-10.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1998)vStatisticsvnotes.vTimevtoveventv(survival)vdata.
BMJ,v317,v468-9.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1999)vStatisticsvnotes.vHowvtovrandomise.vBMJ,v319,v7
03-4.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1999)vStatisticsvnotes.vTreatmentvallocationvinvcontrolledvtr
ials:vwhyvrandomise?vBMJ,v318,v1209.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1999)vStatisticsvnotes.vVariablesvandvparameters.vBMJ,
318,v1667.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(2003)vStatisticsvnotes.vInteractionvrevisited:vthevdiffere
ncevbetweenvtwovestimates.vBMJ,v326,v219.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(2005)vStatisticsvnotes.vStandardvdeviationsvandvstandardver
rors.vBMJ,v331,v903.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(2005)vStatisticsvnotes.vTreatmentvallocationvbyvminimisati
on.vBMJ,v330,v843.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(2007)vStatisticsvnotes.vMissingvdata.vBMJ,v334,v424.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vMATTHEWS,vJ.vN.v(1996)vStatisticsvnotes.vInteractionv1:vHeterogeneityvof
veffects.vBMJ,v313,v486.
ANDERSON,vG.vD.v(2005)vPregnancy-inducedvchangesvinvpharmacokinetics:vavmechanistic-
vbasedvapproach. vClinvPharmacokinet,v44,v989-1008.
ANDERSON,vG.vD.v(2006)vUsingvpharmacokineticsvtovpredictvtheveffectsvofvpregnancyvand
Veterinaryv Pharmacologyv Membershipv Guidelinesv 2011
©v2011vThevAustralianvandvNewvZealandvCollegevofvVeterinaryvScientistsvABNv00v50v000894v208
2011v(modifiedv2012)
AUSTRALIANvANDvNEWvZEALANDvCOLL
EGEvOFvVETERINARYvSCIENTISTS
MEMBERSHIPvGUIDELINES
VeterinaryvPharmacology
INTRODUCTION
ThesevMembershipvGuidelinesvshouldvbevreadvinvconjunctionvwithvthevMembershipvCandidatev
Handbook.
ELIGIBILITY
RefervtovSectionv2vofvthevMembershipvCandidatevHandbook.
OBJECTIVES
TovdemonstratevthatvthevcandidatevhasvsufficientvknowledgevofvandvexperiencevinvVeterinaryvPh
armacologyvtovbevablevtovgivevsoundvadvicevtovcolleaguesvonvproblemsvandvproceduresvcommon
lyvencounteredvinvthisvfieldvofvgeneralvveterinaryvpractice.
LEARNINGvOUTCOMES
1. Tovdemonstratevthatvthevcandidatevhasvsound1vknowledgevof:
1.1. Drugvdispositionvandvactionvincludingvpharmacokineticsv[absorption,vdistribution,vm
etabolismvandvexcretionv(ADME)],vpharmacodynamics,vdosevresponsevrelationships,
vvariabilityvofvresponse,vroutesvofvadministration, vmodevofvaction, vdrugvinteractions,vp
harmaceuticvformulations,vandvdeliveryvsystems
1.2. Drugvdevelopmentvandvmanufacturevincludingvdrugvscreening,vdosevratevselection,vrou
tesvofvadministration;vformulation,vstabilityvandvqualityvassurance/controlvofvveterinar
yvdrugsvandvvaccines;vdesign,vanalysis,vandvinterpretationvofvclinicalvstudies;vsafety,veff
icacyvandvresiduevstudyvevaluations
1.3. SystemsvPharmacologyvincludingvclinicalvpharmacologyvofvautonomicvdrugs,vtreatm
entvofvophthalmicvconditions,vneuromuscularvblockingvagents,vdrugsvaffectingvthevcen
tralvnervousvsystem,vdrugsvaffectingvthevgastrointestinalvtract,vlocalvanaesthetics,vauta
coidsvandvdrugsvinteractingvwithvthem,vcorticosteroids,vcontrolvof
1
Knowledgevlevels:
v
Detailedvknowledgev—vcandidatesvmustvbevablevtovdemonstratevanvin-
depthvknowledgevofvthevtopicvincludingvdifferingvpointsvofvviewvandvpublishedvliterature.vThevhighestvlevelvofvk
nowledge.
Soundvknowledgev—
vcandidate vmustvknowvallvofvthevprinciplesvofvthevtopicvincludingvsomevofvthevfiner vdetail, vandvbevablevtovidentifyv
areasvwherevopinionsvmayvdiverge.vAvmiddlevlevelvofvknowledge.
Basicvknowledgev—vcandidatevmustvknowvthevmainvpointsvofvthevtopicvandvthevcorevliterature
Veterinaryv Pharmacologyv Membershipv Guidelinesv 2011
©v2011vThevAustralianvandvNewvZealandvCollegevofvVeterinaryvScientistsvABNv00v50v000894v208
,2
pain,vcardiovascularvdrugs,vtreatmentvofvcongestivevheartvfailurevandvarrhythmias,vagent
svaffectingvvolumevandvcompositionvofvbodyvfluids;vtreatmentvofvascites,vpulmonaryvoe
demavandvshock;vhormones,vandvantagonists
1.4. Chemotherapeuticsvincludingvmodesvofvaction,vresistancevphenomenavandvprudentvusev
ofvantibiotics,vantifungalvagents,vantiviralvagents,vantisepticsvandvdisinfectants,vanthel
mintics,vinsecticides,vacaricidesvandvantineoplasticvagents
1.5. ImmunologyvandvVaccinesvincludingvthevprinciplesvofvimmunology,vspecificvandvnons
pecificvimmunotherapy,vactivevandvpassivevimmunization,vtypesvofvvaccines,vadminist
rationvofvvaccines,vvaccinevfailures,vadversevreactionsvtovvaccines,vadjuvants,vandvimm
unostimulants
1.6. Toxicologyvincludingvthevprinciplesvofvtoxicvdrugvaction,vselectivevtoxicity,vsafetyvte
stingvofvdrugsvincludingvhusbandryvandvthevusevofvexperimentalvanimals,vcommonvpl
antvpoisons,vorganicvpoisonsvincludingvtherapeuticvdrugs,vinorganicvcompoundsvsuc
hvasvthevmetals,vpesticidesvincludingvrodenticides,vtoxinsvofvanimalvorigin,vinvestigat
ionvofvsuspectedvpoisoningvcases,vusevofvemeticsvandvantidotes,vandvrelevancevofvtoxi
cvandvdrugvresiduesvinvcarcassesvandvthevenvironment.
2. Thevcandidatevwillvhavevavbasicvknowledgevof:
2.1. RegulatoryvAffairsvandvLegislationvincludingvthevregistrationvandvlegalvusevofv
veterinaryvproductsvinvAustraliavandvNewvZealandvandvthevregulatoryvenviron
mentvinvwhichvproductvregistrationvoccurs;vquality,vefficacy,vtargetvanimalvsaf
ety,vpublicvhealth,vOH&Svandvtradevissuesvevaluatedvbyvregulatoryvagenciesvd
uringvproductvevaluationvforvregistration;vdrugsvandvpoisonsvscheduling;vadver
sevexperiencevreportingvprograms;vthevuse,vdispensing,vlabellingvandvstoragevo
fvdrugvproductsvandvthevlegislativevconstraintsvonvveterinarians.
3. Thevcandidatevwillvbevablevtovdovthevfollowingvwithvsound2vexpertise:
3.1. discussvthevusevofvdrugsvinvthevcontrol,vpreventionvandvtreatmentvofvcommonvclinicalvc
onditions
3.2. supportvtheirvdiscussionvwithvanvunderstandingvofvhowvdrugsvaffectvthev
pathophysiologyvofvthevdiseasevorvclinicalvsign
3.3. discussvthevusevofvvaccinesvinvthevpreventionvofvspecificvdiseases
3.4. demonstratevavworkingvknowledgevofvthevmajorvdrugsvusedvinvdomesticvspeciesvinv
whichvthevcandidatevhasvanvinterestvorvexperience.
4. Thevcandidatevwillvbevablevtovdovthevfollowingvwithvbasicvexpertise:
4.1. demonstratevavworkingvknowledgevofvthevmajorvdrugsvusedvinvallvspeciesv(avsoundvk
nowledgevisvrequiredvonlyvforvexamplesvofvmajorvdrugsvinvdomesticvspeciesvinvthevar
eavyouvhavevanvinterestvorvexperience)
2
Skillvlevels:
v
Detailedvexpertisev—
vthevcandidatevmustvbevable vto vperformvthevtechniquevwithvavhighvdegreevofvskill,vand vhavevextensive vexperienc
evinvitsvapplication.vThevhighestvlevelvofvproficiency.
Soundvexpertisev—
vthevcandidatevmustvbevable vto vperformvthevtechniquevwithvavmoderate vdegreevofvskill,vand vhavevmoderatevexperie
ncevinvitsvapplication.vAvmiddlevlevelvofvproficiency.
Basicvexpertisev—
vthevcandidatevmustvbevable vto vperformvthevtechniquevcompetentlyvinvuncomplicated vcircumstances
Veterinaryv Pharmacologyv Membershipv Guidelinesv 2011
©v2011vThevAustralianvandvNewvZealandvCollegevofvVeterinaryvScientistsvABNv00v50v000894v208
,3
4.2. interpretvveterinaryvpharmacologyvliteraturevincludingvgraphsvandvdiagrams,vandv
explainingvrationalvdrugvusevinvveterinaryvpractice.
EXAMINATIONS
ForvinformationvonvthevrequiredvstandardvandvformatvforvbothvthevWrittenvandvOralvexamination
s,vcandidatesvarevreferredvtovSectionsv3,v10vandv11vofvthevMembershipvCandidatesvHandbook.vT
hevMembershipvexaminationvhasvtwovseparate,vautonomousvcomponents:
1. WrittenvExaminationv(Componentv1)
WrittenvPaperv1v(twovhours):vPrinciplesvofvthevSubject
WrittenvPaperv2v(twovhours):vAppliedvAspectsvofvthevSubject
2. OralvExaminationv(Componentv2)
Oralv(onevhour)
Thevwrittenvexaminationvwillvcomprisevofvtwovseparatevtwo-
hourvwrittenvpapersvtakenvonvthevsamevday.v Therevwillvbevanvadditionalv15vminutesvperusalvtime
vforveachvpaper,vduringvwhichvnov writingv onv thev examinationv paperv is v permitted.v Inv eachv paper
v youv arev providedv with v four
(4)vquestionsvtovanswer,vworthv30vmarksveach,vgivingvavtotalvofv120vmarksvpervpaper.v Therevisvn
ovchoicevofvquestions.vQuestionsvmayvbevlongvessayvtypevorvavseriesvofvshortervanswervsub-
vquestions.vMarksvallocatedvtoveachvquestionvandvtoveachvsubsectionvofvquestionsvwillvbev clearly
vindicatedvonvthevwrittenvpaper.
WrittenvPaperv1:
Thisvpapervisvdesignedvtovtestvthevcandidate’svknowledgevofvthevprinciplesvofvVeterinaryvPharma
cologyvasvdescribedvinvthevLearningvOutcomes.vThisvwrittenvpapervwillvfocusvonvbasicvconcepts.
WrittenvPaperv2:
Thisvpapervisvdesignedvtov(a)vtestvthevcandidate’svabilityvtovapplyvthevprinciplesvofvVeterinaryvPh
armacologyvtovparticularvcases/problemsvorvtasksvandv(b)vtestvthevcandidate’svfamiliarityvwithvth
evcurrentvpracticesvandvissuesvthatvarisevfromvactivitiesvwithinvthevdisciplinevofvVeterinaryvPhar
macologyvinvAustraliavandvNewvZealand.v Thisvpapervwillvfocusvonvpracticevandvapplications.
OralvExamination:
ThisvexaminationvrequiresvthevcandidatevtovdemonstratevachievementvofvthevLearningvOutcome
svlistedvearlier.vQuestionvmaterialvwillvbevdeliveredvverbally,vandvmayvincludevthevusevofvanvaudi
o-
visualvpresentation.vThevcandidatevwillvdelivervtheirvresponsevtovthevquestionsv withvanvoralvexpl
anation.vThevdurationvofvthisvexaminationvisvapproximatelyvonev(1)vhour.vEightv(8)vquestionsvar
evpresentedvwithvsupportingvinformationvaskedvverballyvinvavface-to-
facevsetting.vThevoralvexaminationvhasvavtotalvofv120vmarksvwithveachvcasevallocatedv15vmarks.
Veterinaryv Pharmacologyv Membershipv Guidelinesv 2011
©v2011vThevAustralianvandvNewvZealandvCollegevofvVeterinaryvScientistsvABNv00v50v000894v208
, 4
RECOMMENDEDvREADINGvMATERIAL
VeterinaryvPharmacologyvcoversvdiversevsubjectvareas.v Thevcandidatevisvexpectedvtovresearchvth
evdepthvandvbreadthvofvthevknowledgevofvthevdiscipline.vThisvlistvisvintendedvisvprovidedvforvrefer
encevtovguidevthevcandidatevtovsomevcorevreferencesvandvsourcevmaterial.vThevlistvisvnotvcompre
hensivevandvisvnotvintendedvasvanvindicatorvofvthevcontentvofvthevexamination.vItvisvnotvexpectedvt
hatvcandidatesvreadvallvreferences,vbutvusevthevreferencesvtovsupportvexistingvknowledgevinvspeci
ficvareas.
DRUGvDISPOSITIONvANDvACTION
AKERS,vM.vJ.v(2002)vExcipient-drugvinteractionsvinvparenteralvformulations.vJvPharmvSci,
91,v2283-300.
ALI,vD.vN.v&vHENNESSY,vD.vR.v(1996)vTheveffectvofvlevelvofvfeedvintakevonvthevpharmac
okineticvdispositionvandvefficacyvofvivermectinvinvsheep.vJournalvofvVeterinaryvPha
rmacologyvandvTherapeutics,v19,v89-94.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1994)vStatisticsvnotes.vQuartiles,vquintiles,vcentiles,vandvot
hervquantiles.vBMJ,v309,v996.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1995)vStatisticsvnotes.vAbsencevofvevidencevisvnotvevidence
vofvabsence.vBMJ,v311,v485.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1995)vStatisticsvnotes.vThevnormalvdistribution.vBMJ,
310,v298.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1996)vStatisticsvnotes.vComparingvseveralvgroupsvusingvan
alysisvofvvariance.vBMJ,v312,v1472-3.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1996)vStatisticsvnotes.vDetectingvskewnessvfromvsum
maryvinformation.vBMJ,v313,v1200.
ALTMAN,vD.vG.v&vBLAND,vJ.vM.v(1996)vStatisticsvnotes.vPresentationvofvnumericalvdata.
BMJ,v312,v572.
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