KPE160 GOOD STUDYGUIDE
FOR FINALS
human nervous system
CNS: brain and spinal cord encased by skull and
vertebrae
PNS: neurons and nerve processes outside CNS
motor control
mechanisms underlying movement
motor learning
study of mechanisms in acquiring and improving motor
skills
processes associated with practice or learning leading to
relatively permanent changes in movement capabilities
motor development
changes in motor behavior reflecting its interactions as it
grows
multidimensional and multidirectional lifelong process
biological: physical characteristics
cognitive: information processing and knowledge
socioemotional: relationships and personality
environmental
cognitive/reductionist approach
theoretical approach
function is derived from understanding characteristics of
elements (whole = sum of its parts)
complex/dynamical systems approach
,theoretical approach
function cannot be derived from understanding
characteristics of elements (whole > sum of its parts)
behavioral approach
research approach
role of sensory information in influencing action
stages of information processing
neuroscience approach
research approach
neural events underlying movement
general activity in brain areas, specific neuron activity
endogenous
active movement
resulting from muscular contraction
voluntary movements and reflexes
exogenous
passive movement
resulting from external forces
gravity, supporting devices, etc.
reflex
involuntary and stereotyped response to a specific
stimulus
specific and unchanged neural networks
develop without experience or learning
fast, standardized, innate, and protective function
voluntary
result from cognitive process
flexible and variables neural networks
slower, adaptable, learned, protective or harmful
motor skill
, task requiring voluntary control over movement to achieve
goal
task perspective
type of action
size of muscle group involved (precision/control): gross,
fine, or mixed
task organization (steps involved): discrete, serial, or
continuous
environmental predictability (constant/changing): open or
closed
performance proficiency
level of skill
maximize certainty of goal achievement and efficient use
of energy/time
capability
potential to succeed at a task
skill
ability to bring about end result with certainty and
efficiency
stages of performance and learning
early stage: cognitive
middle stages: efficient movement patterns
late stage: autonomous
temporal measures
method of measuring movement
total response time: interval of time from onset of stimulus
to response termination (efficiency of sensorimotor
processes)
reaction time: interval from onset of stimulus to response
initiation (efficiency of interpreting stimulus
FOR FINALS
human nervous system
CNS: brain and spinal cord encased by skull and
vertebrae
PNS: neurons and nerve processes outside CNS
motor control
mechanisms underlying movement
motor learning
study of mechanisms in acquiring and improving motor
skills
processes associated with practice or learning leading to
relatively permanent changes in movement capabilities
motor development
changes in motor behavior reflecting its interactions as it
grows
multidimensional and multidirectional lifelong process
biological: physical characteristics
cognitive: information processing and knowledge
socioemotional: relationships and personality
environmental
cognitive/reductionist approach
theoretical approach
function is derived from understanding characteristics of
elements (whole = sum of its parts)
complex/dynamical systems approach
,theoretical approach
function cannot be derived from understanding
characteristics of elements (whole > sum of its parts)
behavioral approach
research approach
role of sensory information in influencing action
stages of information processing
neuroscience approach
research approach
neural events underlying movement
general activity in brain areas, specific neuron activity
endogenous
active movement
resulting from muscular contraction
voluntary movements and reflexes
exogenous
passive movement
resulting from external forces
gravity, supporting devices, etc.
reflex
involuntary and stereotyped response to a specific
stimulus
specific and unchanged neural networks
develop without experience or learning
fast, standardized, innate, and protective function
voluntary
result from cognitive process
flexible and variables neural networks
slower, adaptable, learned, protective or harmful
motor skill
, task requiring voluntary control over movement to achieve
goal
task perspective
type of action
size of muscle group involved (precision/control): gross,
fine, or mixed
task organization (steps involved): discrete, serial, or
continuous
environmental predictability (constant/changing): open or
closed
performance proficiency
level of skill
maximize certainty of goal achievement and efficient use
of energy/time
capability
potential to succeed at a task
skill
ability to bring about end result with certainty and
efficiency
stages of performance and learning
early stage: cognitive
middle stages: efficient movement patterns
late stage: autonomous
temporal measures
method of measuring movement
total response time: interval of time from onset of stimulus
to response termination (efficiency of sensorimotor
processes)
reaction time: interval from onset of stimulus to response
initiation (efficiency of interpreting stimulus
