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UNIT 1 (INTERNET OF THINGS) participation on the user, the IoT system provides
> IoT: substantial personal data in maximum detail.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a system of × Security: There is a chance that the software
interrelated, internet-connected objects that are able can be hacked and your personal information
to collect and transfer data over a wireless network misused. It can be lead the various kinds of
without human intervention. network attacks.Data breaches are extremely
stressful
The Internet of things describes the network of × Compatibility: As of now, there is no standard
physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with for tagging and monitoring with sensors. A
sensors, software, and other technologies for the uniform concept like the USB or Bluetooth is
purpose of connecting and exchanging data with required which should not be that difficult to do.
other devices and systems over the Internet. It
enables devices to interact, collaborate and, learn
from each other’s experiences just like humans do. > IoT Sensor is a device that captures real-world
data and translates it into a piece of information that
> IoT: How it works? could be interpreted by other instruments. As the
An IoT system consists of sensors/devices which name suggests, sensors react to stimuli — be it a
“talk” to the cloud through some kind of connectivity. change in sound, temperature, electric current, or a
Once the data gets to the cloud, software processes it different property. Hence a sensor in an IoT system
and then might decide to perform an action, such as senses the desired physical quantity and converts it
sending an alert or automatically adjusting the into an electrical signal transmitted to the central
sensors/devices without the need for the user. cloud-based server directly or via an on-site micro-
controller.
> Top IoT Examples:
Smart Home security systems > Types: All types of sensors are basically
Smart Wearables health monitors classified into Analog and Digital Sensors but below
IoT in agriculture sensors are used frequently in IoT Devices.
Smart Speakers (Amazon Echo Dot: Alexa,
Google Assistant) Temperature Sensors
Smart Smoke Detectors Humidity Sensors
Air Quality Sensors Pressure Sensors
Proximity Sensors
Smart Fire Extinguishers
Level Sensors
Flood Alert Sensors
Accelerometers
Smart Cities Gyroscope
Smart Door Locks Gas Sensors
Soil monitoring Infrared Sensors
Smart Farming equipment Optical Sensors
Smart factory equipment
> Advantages of IoT > Features of Sensors
Minimize human effort: As the devices of IoT 1. Range: It is the minimum and maximum value
interact and communicate with each other and do of physical variable that the sensor can sense
lot of task for us, then they minimize the human or measure.
effort. 2. Accuracy: It shows how close the output of the
Save time: As it reduces the human effort then it sensor is to the expected value.
definitely saves out time. Time is the primary 3. Sensitivity: It is the ratio of change in output to
factor which can save through IoT platform. change in input.
Improve security: Now, if we have a system that 4. Resolution: It is the minimum change in input
all these things are interconnected then we can that can be sensed by the sensor.
make the system more secure and efficient. 5. Repeatability: It is defined as the ability of
Money: The financial aspect is the best sensor to produce the same output every time
advantage. This technology could replace when the same input is applied and all the
humans who are in charge of monitoring and physical and measurement conditions kept the
maintaining supplies. same.
6. Response Time: It is generally expressed as
> Disadvantages of IoT the time at which the output reaches a certain
percentage (for instance, 95%) of its final
× Complexity: The designing, developing, and value, in response to a step change of the
maintaining and enabling the large technology to input.
IoT system is quite complicated.
× Privacy: Privacy is a big issue with IoT. All the
data must be encrypted. Even without the active
UNIT 1 (INTERNET OF THINGS) participation on the user, the IoT system provides
> IoT: substantial personal data in maximum detail.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a system of × Security: There is a chance that the software
interrelated, internet-connected objects that are able can be hacked and your personal information
to collect and transfer data over a wireless network misused. It can be lead the various kinds of
without human intervention. network attacks.Data breaches are extremely
stressful
The Internet of things describes the network of × Compatibility: As of now, there is no standard
physical objects—“things”—that are embedded with for tagging and monitoring with sensors. A
sensors, software, and other technologies for the uniform concept like the USB or Bluetooth is
purpose of connecting and exchanging data with required which should not be that difficult to do.
other devices and systems over the Internet. It
enables devices to interact, collaborate and, learn
from each other’s experiences just like humans do. > IoT Sensor is a device that captures real-world
data and translates it into a piece of information that
> IoT: How it works? could be interpreted by other instruments. As the
An IoT system consists of sensors/devices which name suggests, sensors react to stimuli — be it a
“talk” to the cloud through some kind of connectivity. change in sound, temperature, electric current, or a
Once the data gets to the cloud, software processes it different property. Hence a sensor in an IoT system
and then might decide to perform an action, such as senses the desired physical quantity and converts it
sending an alert or automatically adjusting the into an electrical signal transmitted to the central
sensors/devices without the need for the user. cloud-based server directly or via an on-site micro-
controller.
> Top IoT Examples:
Smart Home security systems > Types: All types of sensors are basically
Smart Wearables health monitors classified into Analog and Digital Sensors but below
IoT in agriculture sensors are used frequently in IoT Devices.
Smart Speakers (Amazon Echo Dot: Alexa,
Google Assistant) Temperature Sensors
Smart Smoke Detectors Humidity Sensors
Air Quality Sensors Pressure Sensors
Proximity Sensors
Smart Fire Extinguishers
Level Sensors
Flood Alert Sensors
Accelerometers
Smart Cities Gyroscope
Smart Door Locks Gas Sensors
Soil monitoring Infrared Sensors
Smart Farming equipment Optical Sensors
Smart factory equipment
> Advantages of IoT > Features of Sensors
Minimize human effort: As the devices of IoT 1. Range: It is the minimum and maximum value
interact and communicate with each other and do of physical variable that the sensor can sense
lot of task for us, then they minimize the human or measure.
effort. 2. Accuracy: It shows how close the output of the
Save time: As it reduces the human effort then it sensor is to the expected value.
definitely saves out time. Time is the primary 3. Sensitivity: It is the ratio of change in output to
factor which can save through IoT platform. change in input.
Improve security: Now, if we have a system that 4. Resolution: It is the minimum change in input
all these things are interconnected then we can that can be sensed by the sensor.
make the system more secure and efficient. 5. Repeatability: It is defined as the ability of
Money: The financial aspect is the best sensor to produce the same output every time
advantage. This technology could replace when the same input is applied and all the
humans who are in charge of monitoring and physical and measurement conditions kept the
maintaining supplies. same.
6. Response Time: It is generally expressed as
> Disadvantages of IoT the time at which the output reaches a certain
percentage (for instance, 95%) of its final
× Complexity: The designing, developing, and value, in response to a step change of the
maintaining and enabling the large technology to input.
IoT system is quite complicated.
× Privacy: Privacy is a big issue with IoT. All the
data must be encrypted. Even without the active
