PSY1012 FINAL EXAM
STUDYGUIDE
Common barriers to problem solving.
1. Emotional Barriers: Inhibition and fear of making a fool
out of oneself
2. Cultural Barriers: values that hold that fantasy is a
waste of time; playfulness is for children only; reason,
logic, & numbers are good.
3. Learned Barriers: Conventions about uses, meanings,
possibilities, and taboos
4. Personal Barriers: Habits leading to failure to identify
important elements of a problem (Pg. 276)
Who: Alfred Binet
Why: Wanted to find a way to distinguish slower
students from the more capable. (pg. 290)
Who invented the first intelligence test and for what
reason?
Average, below average, and gifted intelligence
quotients.
Average: 90-109
Below Average: 70 & Below
Gifted: Above 130 (pg. 296-297)
different types of intellectual disability (retardation).
IQ Range: 50-70, 35-49, 20-34, Below 20
Degree of Disability: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound
Educational Certification: Educable, Trainable, Dependent,
Life-Support
, Required Level of Support: Intermediate, Limited,
Extensive, Pervasive (pg. 298)
causes of intellectual disability
~30-40% of cases, no known biological problem can be
identified.
1.) Familial Intellectual Disability: Occurs mostly in very
poor households where nutrition, intellectual stimulation,
medical care & emotional support may be inadequate
2.) Metabolic Disorders: affect energy production & use in
the body.
3.) Genetic Abnormalities: Missing genes, Extra genes, &
Defective genes
4.) Malnutrition & Exposure to Lead, Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), & other toxins early in childhood can
also cause organic intellectual disability.
5. ) Down Syndrome: Causes moderate to severe
intellectual disability & a shortened life expectancy of
around 49 years.
6.) Fragile X Syndrome: hereditary; the problem is related
to a thin fragile looking area on the x chromosome. Boys
are more often affected ( 1 out of 5000).
7.) Phenylketonuria (PKU): plagues children who lack an
important enzyme. This causes phenylpyruvic acid ( a
destructive chemical) to collect within their bodies.
STUDYGUIDE
Common barriers to problem solving.
1. Emotional Barriers: Inhibition and fear of making a fool
out of oneself
2. Cultural Barriers: values that hold that fantasy is a
waste of time; playfulness is for children only; reason,
logic, & numbers are good.
3. Learned Barriers: Conventions about uses, meanings,
possibilities, and taboos
4. Personal Barriers: Habits leading to failure to identify
important elements of a problem (Pg. 276)
Who: Alfred Binet
Why: Wanted to find a way to distinguish slower
students from the more capable. (pg. 290)
Who invented the first intelligence test and for what
reason?
Average, below average, and gifted intelligence
quotients.
Average: 90-109
Below Average: 70 & Below
Gifted: Above 130 (pg. 296-297)
different types of intellectual disability (retardation).
IQ Range: 50-70, 35-49, 20-34, Below 20
Degree of Disability: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound
Educational Certification: Educable, Trainable, Dependent,
Life-Support
, Required Level of Support: Intermediate, Limited,
Extensive, Pervasive (pg. 298)
causes of intellectual disability
~30-40% of cases, no known biological problem can be
identified.
1.) Familial Intellectual Disability: Occurs mostly in very
poor households where nutrition, intellectual stimulation,
medical care & emotional support may be inadequate
2.) Metabolic Disorders: affect energy production & use in
the body.
3.) Genetic Abnormalities: Missing genes, Extra genes, &
Defective genes
4.) Malnutrition & Exposure to Lead, Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), & other toxins early in childhood can
also cause organic intellectual disability.
5. ) Down Syndrome: Causes moderate to severe
intellectual disability & a shortened life expectancy of
around 49 years.
6.) Fragile X Syndrome: hereditary; the problem is related
to a thin fragile looking area on the x chromosome. Boys
are more often affected ( 1 out of 5000).
7.) Phenylketonuria (PKU): plagues children who lack an
important enzyme. This causes phenylpyruvic acid ( a
destructive chemical) to collect within their bodies.
