PCEUT 531 Set Exam
Tested Questions & Reviewed
Correct Detailed Answers
New Update Study Material!!
1. List antimicrobial preservatives - ANSWER benzalkonium chloride,
phenyl-mercuric acetate, methylparaben, propylparaben, chlorobutanol
2. List viscosity agents - ANSWER polyvinyl alcohol, polymers,
methylcellulose
3. List anti-oxidants - ANSWER sulfites, chelating agents (EDTA, citric
acid, tartaric acid)
4. Dissolution rate of a weak acid drug is expected to increase in a solution
with low pH compared to a solution with high pH - ANSWER false (the
dissolution rate would be increased in a high pH solution so that the weak
acid is in its ionized form thus increased solubility (hydrophilicity)
5. The mechanism by which benzalkonium chloride is used as an
antimicrobial preservative is that it can cause lysis of bacterial cell
membrane - ANSWER true
,6. In theory, any compounds that can stop initiation, propagation or
participate in termination of free radical chain reactions of drug molecules
may be used as anti-oxidants - ANSWER true
7. Oral solutions containing more than 15% (w/v) ethanol are self-preserving
and usually do not require antimicrobial preservatives - ANSWER true
8. Sterile water for injection, USP, is not be directly injected into a peripheral
vein because this results in cell lysis - ANSWER true
9. Lactated ringers is a crystalloid fluid and can be used in fluid resuscitation -
ANSWER true
10. Percent error - ANSWER (sensitivity requirement) / (amount weighed)
*100%
11. Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ) - ANSWER (sensitivity
requirement) * 100% / % allowable error
12. The salting-out effect is attributed to a competition between solute
molecules for the solvent - ANSWER true
13. For non-ionized drug molecules, the higher the LogP values of a drug, the
greater the lipid membrane permeability of the drug - ANSWER true
14. Dissolution rate of a weak acid drug is expected to increase in a solution
with a low pH compared to a solution with a high pH - ANSWER false
,15. The weak bases ammonia and morphine have pKb values of 4.76 and 6.13
respectively. Therefore ammonia is a stronger base than morphine - ANSWER
true
16. Buffers are made with a strong base, strong acid, and their salts - ANSWER
false
17. The buffer capacity depends on two factors: concentration ratio of the salt to
acid or base; total buffer concentration - ANSWER true
18. Osmosis across a semipermeable membrane is dependent on the number
and nature of particles that are separated by the membrane - ANSWER false
19. The reason that EDTA is used as an antioxidant is that it can directly reduce
already oxidized drug molecules - ANSWER false
20. If simple syrup, NF shows brown color, that indicates that sucrose has been
oxidized - ANSWER false
21. Porcelain mortar and pestle are the preferred tools for reducing a coarse
powder into fine particle sized powder - ANSWER true
22. Formulation requirements of dosage forms - ANSWER avoid degradation
of active drug ingredients during storage and use, prevent microbial
contamination, controlled release dosage forms may be used to enhance clinical
, effectiveness, and single unit packages are often used for unit dose dispensing
(minimize med errors)
23. Semi-polar solvents (ketone/alc) can be used as co solvents with polar
solvents (water) to dissolve non polar drug molecules - ANSWER true
24. Ophthalmic solutions - ANSWER do not need to be exactly isotonic, must
be sterile and free of solid particles, single dose don't contain anti-microbial
preservatives, EDTA is NOT viscosity agent, they are usually buffered.
25. W/O emulsions - ANSWER can be used to administer water-soluble
drugs, usually prepared with hydrophobic emulsifying agents, adding water can
inverse W/O to O/W, droplets will sediment in W/O, size of droplet does not
determine the type of emulsion
26. Surfactants - ANSWER compounds that lower the surface tension of
water, many but not all emulsifying agents are surfactants, can promote wetting
of powder in suspensions, could provide molecular bridging between particles in
suspensions, anionic and cationic surfactants are not compatible, nonionic less
toxic.
27. Suspensions - ANSWER not only used for oral and topical, liquid
formulations of water-insoluble drugs, if there is a distinct boundary between the
sediment and supernant shortly after preparation, then the suspension prepared
is flocculated, they are inherently physically unstable as particles invariably
sediment, have high viscosity on standing and low viscosity on shaking
28. Levigation - ANSWER Trituration of a powder drug with a solvent in
which the drug is insoluble with the solvent
Tested Questions & Reviewed
Correct Detailed Answers
New Update Study Material!!
1. List antimicrobial preservatives - ANSWER benzalkonium chloride,
phenyl-mercuric acetate, methylparaben, propylparaben, chlorobutanol
2. List viscosity agents - ANSWER polyvinyl alcohol, polymers,
methylcellulose
3. List anti-oxidants - ANSWER sulfites, chelating agents (EDTA, citric
acid, tartaric acid)
4. Dissolution rate of a weak acid drug is expected to increase in a solution
with low pH compared to a solution with high pH - ANSWER false (the
dissolution rate would be increased in a high pH solution so that the weak
acid is in its ionized form thus increased solubility (hydrophilicity)
5. The mechanism by which benzalkonium chloride is used as an
antimicrobial preservative is that it can cause lysis of bacterial cell
membrane - ANSWER true
,6. In theory, any compounds that can stop initiation, propagation or
participate in termination of free radical chain reactions of drug molecules
may be used as anti-oxidants - ANSWER true
7. Oral solutions containing more than 15% (w/v) ethanol are self-preserving
and usually do not require antimicrobial preservatives - ANSWER true
8. Sterile water for injection, USP, is not be directly injected into a peripheral
vein because this results in cell lysis - ANSWER true
9. Lactated ringers is a crystalloid fluid and can be used in fluid resuscitation -
ANSWER true
10. Percent error - ANSWER (sensitivity requirement) / (amount weighed)
*100%
11. Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ) - ANSWER (sensitivity
requirement) * 100% / % allowable error
12. The salting-out effect is attributed to a competition between solute
molecules for the solvent - ANSWER true
13. For non-ionized drug molecules, the higher the LogP values of a drug, the
greater the lipid membrane permeability of the drug - ANSWER true
14. Dissolution rate of a weak acid drug is expected to increase in a solution
with a low pH compared to a solution with a high pH - ANSWER false
,15. The weak bases ammonia and morphine have pKb values of 4.76 and 6.13
respectively. Therefore ammonia is a stronger base than morphine - ANSWER
true
16. Buffers are made with a strong base, strong acid, and their salts - ANSWER
false
17. The buffer capacity depends on two factors: concentration ratio of the salt to
acid or base; total buffer concentration - ANSWER true
18. Osmosis across a semipermeable membrane is dependent on the number
and nature of particles that are separated by the membrane - ANSWER false
19. The reason that EDTA is used as an antioxidant is that it can directly reduce
already oxidized drug molecules - ANSWER false
20. If simple syrup, NF shows brown color, that indicates that sucrose has been
oxidized - ANSWER false
21. Porcelain mortar and pestle are the preferred tools for reducing a coarse
powder into fine particle sized powder - ANSWER true
22. Formulation requirements of dosage forms - ANSWER avoid degradation
of active drug ingredients during storage and use, prevent microbial
contamination, controlled release dosage forms may be used to enhance clinical
, effectiveness, and single unit packages are often used for unit dose dispensing
(minimize med errors)
23. Semi-polar solvents (ketone/alc) can be used as co solvents with polar
solvents (water) to dissolve non polar drug molecules - ANSWER true
24. Ophthalmic solutions - ANSWER do not need to be exactly isotonic, must
be sterile and free of solid particles, single dose don't contain anti-microbial
preservatives, EDTA is NOT viscosity agent, they are usually buffered.
25. W/O emulsions - ANSWER can be used to administer water-soluble
drugs, usually prepared with hydrophobic emulsifying agents, adding water can
inverse W/O to O/W, droplets will sediment in W/O, size of droplet does not
determine the type of emulsion
26. Surfactants - ANSWER compounds that lower the surface tension of
water, many but not all emulsifying agents are surfactants, can promote wetting
of powder in suspensions, could provide molecular bridging between particles in
suspensions, anionic and cationic surfactants are not compatible, nonionic less
toxic.
27. Suspensions - ANSWER not only used for oral and topical, liquid
formulations of water-insoluble drugs, if there is a distinct boundary between the
sediment and supernant shortly after preparation, then the suspension prepared
is flocculated, they are inherently physically unstable as particles invariably
sediment, have high viscosity on standing and low viscosity on shaking
28. Levigation - ANSWER Trituration of a powder drug with a solvent in
which the drug is insoluble with the solvent
