HDFS 1351 EXAM 2 WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
100% ACCURATE!!
Average growth pattern with regard height and weight. - ANSWER Average newborn
(in North America) 7.5 lbs and 20 inches (95% 18/22in, at age 5 (1-10lbs) remaining 5%
are kids who are smaller to children who are larger.
By 2 years: 1/5 adult weight and 1/2 adult height. If you're short as a two year old, then
you will be short as an adult.
cephlocaudal pattern of growth- ANSWER Growth begins at top of head and gradually
works it's way down. (As a newborn your head is about 1/4 of your body, by the time
you're 25 your head is 1/8 of your body.)
proximodistal pattern of growth- ANSWER the sequence in which growth starts at the
center of the body and moves toward the extremities.
Growth Patterns - ANSWER Changes each year ages
-3 inches in height
-4.5 pounds in weight
BMI
-lower at 5 and 6 than any other time
Center of Gravity
-as children grow taller there center of gravity shift downward (leads to a greater sense
of balance)
Size and Balance
-4 years apart: double leg length and improved balance (ex: 2 and 6 years apart)
Normal Range for Height and Weight - ANSWER -at 2: 22-32 pounds; 31-36" tall
-at 6: 36-59 pounds; 42-48" tall (substancial growth but not as a dramatic as the first
couple years)
,Brain Development - ANSWER 75% of adult weight by age 2; 90% of adult weight by
age 6
-Extensive development (synaptogensis) & then pruning of dendrites
-preschoolers refine their-physical coordination, perception, attention, memory,
language, logical thinking, and imagination
myelin sheath ANS -fatty coating on axons that speeds signals between neurons
-allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cell
Myelination ANS the process by which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty
substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron
-results in more rapid processing
-5 year old think more quickly than 3 year olds
- the *process* of forming the myelin sheath
-Forms a "web" that allow for higher level thinking, greater cognition, improved social
and emotional responses (helps to connect neurons from far to one another)
Cerebellum - ANSWER -aids in balance and control of body movement
-located: behind the top part of the brain stem (where the spinal cord meets the brian)
Reticular formation - ANSWER -maintains alterness and consciousness
-located: in the center of the brainstem, the area known as tegmentum
Hippocampus - ANSWER - Memory and spatial understanding
-Deep into the temporal lobe
Amygdala - ANSWER - processing emotional skills
- The location is near the hippocampus in the frontal part of the temporal lobe
,corpus callosum - ANSWER A long, think band of nerve fibers that connects the left
and right hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them
-allows for enhanced brain functioning
lateralization - ANSWER literally, sidedness, referring to the specialization in certain
functions by each side of the brain, with one side dominate for each activity. The left
side of the brain controls the right side and vice versa
Characteristics of breast milk - ANSWER Contains the mom's antibodies, always
sterile and at body temperature, contains more iron, vitamin c and a than cow/goat milk.
What are the characteristics of women who are least likely to breastfeed? - ANSWER
Work full-time outside of home, under the age of 25(positive correlation), mothers
without a highschool education(positive correlation.
Advantages to baby of breast-feeding. - ANSWER Appropriate weight gain, improves
immune responses, prevent/reduce diarrhea and constipation; bacterial, respriatory,
unrinary tract disease, and ear infection. Reduces rates of childhood cancer, lower
incidence of SIDS.
Breast-feeding - ANSWER high calorie fluid secreated by woman's breasts at the
birth of child. Less concentrated milk after 3 days.
How much milk can a baby hold at 1 day? - ANSWER 5mm of milk.
How much milk can a 3 day old hold? - ANSWER One ounce
How much milk can a 7 day baby hold? - ANSWER 2 ounces
Breast feeding advantages for parents - ANSWER Lowers incidence of breast and
, ovarin cancer, reheumatoid arthuritus, hormonal changes, less exposure to estrogen
like cancer. (Covenience and economy- can burn up to 500 calories a day)
Permanant reflexes - ANSWER Breathing, blinking, newborn reflexes.
Reflexes - ANSWER Newborn=automatic, built-in adaptive reactions
Rooting (temporary) - ANSWER Anything that touches a cheek the child should know
to turn their head that way, dissapears after 3-4 months
Sucking (temporary) - ANSWER Anything that is placed in mouth, they start sucking
(3-4 months gone
Grasping (temporary) - ANSWER If you put your finger in a babies hand they will
grasp it tight. (1 year gone)
Moro (temporary) - ANSWER They get scared and start to bend their backs and throw
arms up. Startle response, dissapears after 3-4 months
Gross motor skills - ANSWER involve large-muscle activities such as walking (grows
at 2 to 4 months)
Different gross motor skills - ANSWER 1 month-life head from a prone position
3 months-hold chest up and use arms as support
3-4 months- roll over
4-5 months- support some weight with legs
6 months- sit without support
7-8 months- crawl and stand without support
8 months- pull up to stand position
100% ACCURATE!!
Average growth pattern with regard height and weight. - ANSWER Average newborn
(in North America) 7.5 lbs and 20 inches (95% 18/22in, at age 5 (1-10lbs) remaining 5%
are kids who are smaller to children who are larger.
By 2 years: 1/5 adult weight and 1/2 adult height. If you're short as a two year old, then
you will be short as an adult.
cephlocaudal pattern of growth- ANSWER Growth begins at top of head and gradually
works it's way down. (As a newborn your head is about 1/4 of your body, by the time
you're 25 your head is 1/8 of your body.)
proximodistal pattern of growth- ANSWER the sequence in which growth starts at the
center of the body and moves toward the extremities.
Growth Patterns - ANSWER Changes each year ages
-3 inches in height
-4.5 pounds in weight
BMI
-lower at 5 and 6 than any other time
Center of Gravity
-as children grow taller there center of gravity shift downward (leads to a greater sense
of balance)
Size and Balance
-4 years apart: double leg length and improved balance (ex: 2 and 6 years apart)
Normal Range for Height and Weight - ANSWER -at 2: 22-32 pounds; 31-36" tall
-at 6: 36-59 pounds; 42-48" tall (substancial growth but not as a dramatic as the first
couple years)
,Brain Development - ANSWER 75% of adult weight by age 2; 90% of adult weight by
age 6
-Extensive development (synaptogensis) & then pruning of dendrites
-preschoolers refine their-physical coordination, perception, attention, memory,
language, logical thinking, and imagination
myelin sheath ANS -fatty coating on axons that speeds signals between neurons
-allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cell
Myelination ANS the process by which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty
substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron
-results in more rapid processing
-5 year old think more quickly than 3 year olds
- the *process* of forming the myelin sheath
-Forms a "web" that allow for higher level thinking, greater cognition, improved social
and emotional responses (helps to connect neurons from far to one another)
Cerebellum - ANSWER -aids in balance and control of body movement
-located: behind the top part of the brain stem (where the spinal cord meets the brian)
Reticular formation - ANSWER -maintains alterness and consciousness
-located: in the center of the brainstem, the area known as tegmentum
Hippocampus - ANSWER - Memory and spatial understanding
-Deep into the temporal lobe
Amygdala - ANSWER - processing emotional skills
- The location is near the hippocampus in the frontal part of the temporal lobe
,corpus callosum - ANSWER A long, think band of nerve fibers that connects the left
and right hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between them
-allows for enhanced brain functioning
lateralization - ANSWER literally, sidedness, referring to the specialization in certain
functions by each side of the brain, with one side dominate for each activity. The left
side of the brain controls the right side and vice versa
Characteristics of breast milk - ANSWER Contains the mom's antibodies, always
sterile and at body temperature, contains more iron, vitamin c and a than cow/goat milk.
What are the characteristics of women who are least likely to breastfeed? - ANSWER
Work full-time outside of home, under the age of 25(positive correlation), mothers
without a highschool education(positive correlation.
Advantages to baby of breast-feeding. - ANSWER Appropriate weight gain, improves
immune responses, prevent/reduce diarrhea and constipation; bacterial, respriatory,
unrinary tract disease, and ear infection. Reduces rates of childhood cancer, lower
incidence of SIDS.
Breast-feeding - ANSWER high calorie fluid secreated by woman's breasts at the
birth of child. Less concentrated milk after 3 days.
How much milk can a baby hold at 1 day? - ANSWER 5mm of milk.
How much milk can a 3 day old hold? - ANSWER One ounce
How much milk can a 7 day baby hold? - ANSWER 2 ounces
Breast feeding advantages for parents - ANSWER Lowers incidence of breast and
, ovarin cancer, reheumatoid arthuritus, hormonal changes, less exposure to estrogen
like cancer. (Covenience and economy- can burn up to 500 calories a day)
Permanant reflexes - ANSWER Breathing, blinking, newborn reflexes.
Reflexes - ANSWER Newborn=automatic, built-in adaptive reactions
Rooting (temporary) - ANSWER Anything that touches a cheek the child should know
to turn their head that way, dissapears after 3-4 months
Sucking (temporary) - ANSWER Anything that is placed in mouth, they start sucking
(3-4 months gone
Grasping (temporary) - ANSWER If you put your finger in a babies hand they will
grasp it tight. (1 year gone)
Moro (temporary) - ANSWER They get scared and start to bend their backs and throw
arms up. Startle response, dissapears after 3-4 months
Gross motor skills - ANSWER involve large-muscle activities such as walking (grows
at 2 to 4 months)
Different gross motor skills - ANSWER 1 month-life head from a prone position
3 months-hold chest up and use arms as support
3-4 months- roll over
4-5 months- support some weight with legs
6 months- sit without support
7-8 months- crawl and stand without support
8 months- pull up to stand position
