FTCC FSE214 Pathology Midterm
A cancer of the white blood cells or the tissues which synthesize white blood cells; associated
with the excessive malformation of white blood cells. As normal blood cells are depleted from
the body, anemia, infection, hemorrhage, or death result. Four major forms of leukemia include
myelocytic leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML),
and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). - ANS-Leukemia
A carcinoma that arises from the proximal tubular cells of the kidney. - ANS-Renal cell
carcinoma
A category of anemia in which there is a decrease in the production of red blood cells. For a
deficiency in production, replacement therapy is used depending on the type of deficiency (iron,
vitamin B12, folic acid, ascorbic acid). - ANS-Primary anemia
A category of anemia in which there is an increased loss or destruction of red blood cells.
Anemia is not a disease but a symptom of other illnesses, so the underlying hemolytic disorder
should be treated. - ANS-Secondary anemia
A chronic blood-borne hepatitis believed to affect roughly 3.2 million people in the US. Formerly
known as non-A, non-B hepatitis - Caused by a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted from
person to person by exposure to blood or body fluids. - ANS-Hepatitis C
A common condition in which acid from the stomach (gastric and/or duodenal) flows back into
the esophagus, causing discomfort and, in some instances, damage to the esophageal lining -
ANS-Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
A dilated vein, most common in the lower extremities and in the esophagus - ANS-Varicose vein
A disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls -
ANS-Arteriosclerosis
A falling or dropping down of one or more valves - ANS-Valvular prolapse
A form of diabetes mellitus in which there is a combination of insulin resistance, incretin
dysfunction, and abnormal hepatic gluconeogenesis - typically develops in adults, but it may
also be seen in adolescence; usually there is insulin production sufficient to prevent diabetic
ketoacidosis. - ANS-Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2)
A form of liquefactive necrosis that results from bacterial or fungal infections that develop in
areas of dead, necrotic tissue. Tissues become swollen, discolored, and blistered. When
accompanied by gas gangrene, wet gangrene may exhibit a crackling sound known as
, crepitation when it is touched due to the presence of gas in the tissues - ANS-Wet/moist
gangrene
A hemorrhage is the escape of blood from the blood vascular system.
Gangrene is necrosis (death of tissue), usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply. -
ANS-How does gangrene differ from a hemorrhage?
A hemorrhagic disease characterized by excessive and sometimes spontaneous bleeding.
There are two types of hemophilia (A & B), but both types are caused by low or complete
absence of a blood protein essential for blood clotting. Type A is due to a lack of protein factor
VIII, and Type B is a lack of factor IX. - ANS-Hemophilia
A localized accumulation of pus - ANS-Abscess
A reactive change in the composition of blood, leukopenia is a disease condition in which there
are a decreased number of white blood cells in the blood. Common after both chemotherapy
and radiation therapy in treating cancer, leukopenia may also be caused by a wide variety of
pharmaceutical agents, viral diseases like HIV, and failure of bone marrow to produce white
blood cells. - ANS-Leucopenia
A reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets). It is
sometimes present in patients with bone marrow failure, cirrhosis and portal hypertension, or
leukemia - ANS-Pancytopenia
A return to a former state or return of symptoms between cells; Infiltration, Pigmentation,
Calcification - ANS-Define intercellular regressive changes and give examples
A return to a former state or return of symptoms within a cell or cells; Cellular swelling, Fatty
degeneration, Amyloid degeneration - ANS-Define intracellular regressive changes and give
examples
A small elevation of the skin containing pus - ANS-Pustule
A sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris e.g. blood clots, cholesterol-containing
plaques, bacteria, cancer cells, amniotic fluid, fat from marrow of broken bones, air bubbles,
particulate matter - ANS-Embolism
A sudden, significant decrease in the filtration capabilities of the kidneys and, within hours or
days, an increase in the levels of creatinine and other waste products in the systemic
circulation. ARF occurs in approximately 5% of all patients admitted to hospitals. Often results
from accidents (severe burns or trauma) that cause large losses in body fluid. When ARF is the
result of a decrease in blood volume without kidney damage, the condition can often be quickly
and completely reversed. When the kidneys have been injured, however, they must heal if the
ARF is to resolve. - ANS-Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
A cancer of the white blood cells or the tissues which synthesize white blood cells; associated
with the excessive malformation of white blood cells. As normal blood cells are depleted from
the body, anemia, infection, hemorrhage, or death result. Four major forms of leukemia include
myelocytic leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML),
and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). - ANS-Leukemia
A carcinoma that arises from the proximal tubular cells of the kidney. - ANS-Renal cell
carcinoma
A category of anemia in which there is a decrease in the production of red blood cells. For a
deficiency in production, replacement therapy is used depending on the type of deficiency (iron,
vitamin B12, folic acid, ascorbic acid). - ANS-Primary anemia
A category of anemia in which there is an increased loss or destruction of red blood cells.
Anemia is not a disease but a symptom of other illnesses, so the underlying hemolytic disorder
should be treated. - ANS-Secondary anemia
A chronic blood-borne hepatitis believed to affect roughly 3.2 million people in the US. Formerly
known as non-A, non-B hepatitis - Caused by a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted from
person to person by exposure to blood or body fluids. - ANS-Hepatitis C
A common condition in which acid from the stomach (gastric and/or duodenal) flows back into
the esophagus, causing discomfort and, in some instances, damage to the esophageal lining -
ANS-Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
A dilated vein, most common in the lower extremities and in the esophagus - ANS-Varicose vein
A disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls -
ANS-Arteriosclerosis
A falling or dropping down of one or more valves - ANS-Valvular prolapse
A form of diabetes mellitus in which there is a combination of insulin resistance, incretin
dysfunction, and abnormal hepatic gluconeogenesis - typically develops in adults, but it may
also be seen in adolescence; usually there is insulin production sufficient to prevent diabetic
ketoacidosis. - ANS-Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2)
A form of liquefactive necrosis that results from bacterial or fungal infections that develop in
areas of dead, necrotic tissue. Tissues become swollen, discolored, and blistered. When
accompanied by gas gangrene, wet gangrene may exhibit a crackling sound known as
, crepitation when it is touched due to the presence of gas in the tissues - ANS-Wet/moist
gangrene
A hemorrhage is the escape of blood from the blood vascular system.
Gangrene is necrosis (death of tissue), usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply. -
ANS-How does gangrene differ from a hemorrhage?
A hemorrhagic disease characterized by excessive and sometimes spontaneous bleeding.
There are two types of hemophilia (A & B), but both types are caused by low or complete
absence of a blood protein essential for blood clotting. Type A is due to a lack of protein factor
VIII, and Type B is a lack of factor IX. - ANS-Hemophilia
A localized accumulation of pus - ANS-Abscess
A reactive change in the composition of blood, leukopenia is a disease condition in which there
are a decreased number of white blood cells in the blood. Common after both chemotherapy
and radiation therapy in treating cancer, leukopenia may also be caused by a wide variety of
pharmaceutical agents, viral diseases like HIV, and failure of bone marrow to produce white
blood cells. - ANS-Leucopenia
A reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets). It is
sometimes present in patients with bone marrow failure, cirrhosis and portal hypertension, or
leukemia - ANS-Pancytopenia
A return to a former state or return of symptoms between cells; Infiltration, Pigmentation,
Calcification - ANS-Define intercellular regressive changes and give examples
A return to a former state or return of symptoms within a cell or cells; Cellular swelling, Fatty
degeneration, Amyloid degeneration - ANS-Define intracellular regressive changes and give
examples
A small elevation of the skin containing pus - ANS-Pustule
A sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris e.g. blood clots, cholesterol-containing
plaques, bacteria, cancer cells, amniotic fluid, fat from marrow of broken bones, air bubbles,
particulate matter - ANS-Embolism
A sudden, significant decrease in the filtration capabilities of the kidneys and, within hours or
days, an increase in the levels of creatinine and other waste products in the systemic
circulation. ARF occurs in approximately 5% of all patients admitted to hospitals. Often results
from accidents (severe burns or trauma) that cause large losses in body fluid. When ARF is the
result of a decrease in blood volume without kidney damage, the condition can often be quickly
and completely reversed. When the kidneys have been injured, however, they must heal if the
ARF is to resolve. - ANS-Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
