, Chapter j1: jFetal jLung jDevelopment jTest jBank
MULTIPLE jCHOICE
1. Which jof jthe jfollowing jphases jof jhuman jlung jdevelopment jis jcharacterized jby
jthe jformation jof ja jcapillary jnetwork jaround jairway jpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: jD
The jcanalicular jphase jfollows jthe jpseudoglandular jphase, jlasting jfrom japproximately j17
jweeks jto j26 jweeks jof jgestation. jThis jphase jis jso jnamed jbecause jof jthe jappearance jof
jvascular jchannels, jor jcapillaries, jwhich jbegin jto jgrow jby jforming ja jcapillary jnetwork jaround
jthe jair jpassages.
During jthe jpseudoglandular jstage, jwhich jbegins jat jday j52 jand jextends jto jweek j16 jof
jgestation, jthe jairway jsystem jsubdivides jextensively jand jthe jconducting jairway jsystem
jdevelops, jending jwith jthe jterminal jbronchioles. jThe jsaccular jstage jof jdevelopment, jwhich
jtakes jplace jfrom jweeks j29 jto j36 jof jgestation, jis jcharacterized jby jthe jdevelopment jof jsacs
jthat jlater jbecome jalveoli.
During jthe jsaccular jphase, ja jtremendous jincrease jin jthe jpotential jgas- jexchanging jsurface jarea
joccurs. jThe jdistinction jbetween jthe jsaccular jstage jand jthe jalveolar jstage jis jarbitrary. jThe
jalveolar jstage jstretches jfrom j39 jweeks jof jgestation jto jterm. jThis jstage jis jrepresented jby jthe
jestablishment jof jalveoli.
REF: jpp. j3-5
2. Regarding jpostnatal jlung jgrowth, jby japproximately jwhat jage jdo jmost jof jthe jalveoli
jthat jwill jbe jpresent jin jthe jlungs jfor jlife jdevelop?
a. 6 jmonths
,b. 1 jyear
c. 1.5 jyears
d. 2 jyears
ANS: jC
Most jof jthe jpostnatal jformation jof jalveoli jin jthe jinfant joccurs jover jthe jfirst j1.5 jyears jof jlife.
jAt j2 jyears jof jage, jthe jnumber jof jalveoli jvaries jsubstantially jamong jindividuals. jAfter j2 jyears
jof jage, jmales jhave jmore jalveoli jthan jdo jfemales. jAfter jalveolar jmultiplication jends, jthe
jalveoli jcontinue jto jincrease jin jsize juntil jthoracic jgrowth jis jcompleted.
REF: jp. j6
3. The jrespiratory jtherapist jis jevaluating ja jnewborn jwith jmild jrespiratory jdistress jdue
jto jtracheal jstenosis. jDuring jwhich jperiod jof jlung jdevelopment jdid jthis jproblem jdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: jA
The jinitial jstructures jof jthe jpulmonary jtree jdevelop jduring jthe jembryonal jstage. jErrors jin
jdevelopment jduring jthis jtime jmay jresult jin jlaryngeal, jtracheal, jor jesophageal jatresia jor
jstenosis. jPulmonary jhypoplasia, jan jincomplete jdevelopment jof jthe jlungs jcharacterized jby jan
jabnormally jlow jnumber jand/or jsize jof jbronchopulmonary jsegments jand/or jalveoli, jcan jdevelop
jduring jthe jpseudoglandular jphase. jIf jthe jfetus jis jborn jduring jthe jcanalicular jphase j(i.e.,
jprematurely), jsevere jrespiratory jdistress jcan jbe jexpected jbecause jthe jinadequately jdeveloped
jairways, jalong jwith jinsufficient jand jimmature jsurfactant jproduction jby jalveolar jtype jII jcells,
jgives jrise jto jthe jconstellation jof jproblems jknown jas jinfant jrespiratory jdistress jsyndrome.
, REF: j p. j6
4. Which jof jthe jfollowing jmechanisms jis j(are) jresponsible jfor jthe jpossible
jassociation jbetween joligohydramnios jand jlung jhypoplasia?
I. Abnormal jcarbohydrate jmetabolism
II. Mechanical jrestriction jof jthe jchest jwall
III. Interference jwith jfetal jbreathing
IV. Failure jto jproduce jfetal jlung jliquid
a. I jand jIII jonly
b. II jand jIII jonly
c. I, jII, jand jIV jonly
d. II, jIII, jand jIV jonly
ANS: jD
Oligohydramnios, ja jreduced jquantity jof jamniotic jfluid jpresent jfor jan jextended jperiod jof jtime,
jwith jor jwithout jrenal janomalies, jis jassociated jwith jlung jhypoplasia. jThe jmechanisms jby
jwhich jamniotic jfluid jvolume jinfluences jlung jgrowth jremain junclear. jPossible jexplanations
jfor jreduced jquantity jof jamniotic jfluid jinclude jmechanical jrestriction jof jthe jchest jwall,
jinterference jwith jfetal jbreathing, jor jfailure jto jproduce jfetal jlung jliquid. jThese jclinical jand
jexperimental jobservations jpossibly jpoint jto ja jcommon jdenominator, jlung jstretch, jas jbeing ja
jmajor jgrowth jstimulant.
REF: jpp. j6-7
5. What jis jthe jpurpose jof jthe jsubstance jsecreted jby jthe jtype jII jpneumocyte?
MULTIPLE jCHOICE
1. Which jof jthe jfollowing jphases jof jhuman jlung jdevelopment jis jcharacterized jby
jthe jformation jof ja jcapillary jnetwork jaround jairway jpassages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: jD
The jcanalicular jphase jfollows jthe jpseudoglandular jphase, jlasting jfrom japproximately j17
jweeks jto j26 jweeks jof jgestation. jThis jphase jis jso jnamed jbecause jof jthe jappearance jof
jvascular jchannels, jor jcapillaries, jwhich jbegin jto jgrow jby jforming ja jcapillary jnetwork jaround
jthe jair jpassages.
During jthe jpseudoglandular jstage, jwhich jbegins jat jday j52 jand jextends jto jweek j16 jof
jgestation, jthe jairway jsystem jsubdivides jextensively jand jthe jconducting jairway jsystem
jdevelops, jending jwith jthe jterminal jbronchioles. jThe jsaccular jstage jof jdevelopment, jwhich
jtakes jplace jfrom jweeks j29 jto j36 jof jgestation, jis jcharacterized jby jthe jdevelopment jof jsacs
jthat jlater jbecome jalveoli.
During jthe jsaccular jphase, ja jtremendous jincrease jin jthe jpotential jgas- jexchanging jsurface jarea
joccurs. jThe jdistinction jbetween jthe jsaccular jstage jand jthe jalveolar jstage jis jarbitrary. jThe
jalveolar jstage jstretches jfrom j39 jweeks jof jgestation jto jterm. jThis jstage jis jrepresented jby jthe
jestablishment jof jalveoli.
REF: jpp. j3-5
2. Regarding jpostnatal jlung jgrowth, jby japproximately jwhat jage jdo jmost jof jthe jalveoli
jthat jwill jbe jpresent jin jthe jlungs jfor jlife jdevelop?
a. 6 jmonths
,b. 1 jyear
c. 1.5 jyears
d. 2 jyears
ANS: jC
Most jof jthe jpostnatal jformation jof jalveoli jin jthe jinfant joccurs jover jthe jfirst j1.5 jyears jof jlife.
jAt j2 jyears jof jage, jthe jnumber jof jalveoli jvaries jsubstantially jamong jindividuals. jAfter j2 jyears
jof jage, jmales jhave jmore jalveoli jthan jdo jfemales. jAfter jalveolar jmultiplication jends, jthe
jalveoli jcontinue jto jincrease jin jsize juntil jthoracic jgrowth jis jcompleted.
REF: jp. j6
3. The jrespiratory jtherapist jis jevaluating ja jnewborn jwith jmild jrespiratory jdistress jdue
jto jtracheal jstenosis. jDuring jwhich jperiod jof jlung jdevelopment jdid jthis jproblem jdevelop?
a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: jA
The jinitial jstructures jof jthe jpulmonary jtree jdevelop jduring jthe jembryonal jstage. jErrors jin
jdevelopment jduring jthis jtime jmay jresult jin jlaryngeal, jtracheal, jor jesophageal jatresia jor
jstenosis. jPulmonary jhypoplasia, jan jincomplete jdevelopment jof jthe jlungs jcharacterized jby jan
jabnormally jlow jnumber jand/or jsize jof jbronchopulmonary jsegments jand/or jalveoli, jcan jdevelop
jduring jthe jpseudoglandular jphase. jIf jthe jfetus jis jborn jduring jthe jcanalicular jphase j(i.e.,
jprematurely), jsevere jrespiratory jdistress jcan jbe jexpected jbecause jthe jinadequately jdeveloped
jairways, jalong jwith jinsufficient jand jimmature jsurfactant jproduction jby jalveolar jtype jII jcells,
jgives jrise jto jthe jconstellation jof jproblems jknown jas jinfant jrespiratory jdistress jsyndrome.
, REF: j p. j6
4. Which jof jthe jfollowing jmechanisms jis j(are) jresponsible jfor jthe jpossible
jassociation jbetween joligohydramnios jand jlung jhypoplasia?
I. Abnormal jcarbohydrate jmetabolism
II. Mechanical jrestriction jof jthe jchest jwall
III. Interference jwith jfetal jbreathing
IV. Failure jto jproduce jfetal jlung jliquid
a. I jand jIII jonly
b. II jand jIII jonly
c. I, jII, jand jIV jonly
d. II, jIII, jand jIV jonly
ANS: jD
Oligohydramnios, ja jreduced jquantity jof jamniotic jfluid jpresent jfor jan jextended jperiod jof jtime,
jwith jor jwithout jrenal janomalies, jis jassociated jwith jlung jhypoplasia. jThe jmechanisms jby
jwhich jamniotic jfluid jvolume jinfluences jlung jgrowth jremain junclear. jPossible jexplanations
jfor jreduced jquantity jof jamniotic jfluid jinclude jmechanical jrestriction jof jthe jchest jwall,
jinterference jwith jfetal jbreathing, jor jfailure jto jproduce jfetal jlung jliquid. jThese jclinical jand
jexperimental jobservations jpossibly jpoint jto ja jcommon jdenominator, jlung jstretch, jas jbeing ja
jmajor jgrowth jstimulant.
REF: jpp. j6-7
5. What jis jthe jpurpose jof jthe jsubstance jsecreted jby jthe jtype jII jpneumocyte?
