STUDENTS SUCCESS
Revision Examination Tests
“Come all for this greatness”
...100% Correct Ans...
NBME CBSE REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST 2024-2025 (usmle step 1) MEDICAL
EXAMINATION
Type II pneumocytes
ans:>surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine
ans:>Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx
ans:>Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with
ans:>Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes
ans:>Squamous gas diffusion
,Elastase in lungs
ans:>macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to
ans:>Lysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC
ans:>Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during
ans:>Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by
ans:>LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by
ans:>emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC
ans:>DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic)
ans:>pulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting
ans:>Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
,More ventilation is at the
ans:>BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift
ans:>basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift
ans:>low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs
ans:>*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes
ans:>carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes
ans:>lactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning
ans:>*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient
ans:>5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient
, ans:>*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how
ans:>ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what
ans:>PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound
ans:>BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus
ans:>10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in
ans:>Cardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign
ans:>JVP rises *during inspiration*
Constrictive Pericardiditis
Restrictive/Interstitial Lung Disease:
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR
ans:>Airway widening due to *radial traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
Revision Examination Tests
“Come all for this greatness”
...100% Correct Ans...
NBME CBSE REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST 2024-2025 (usmle step 1) MEDICAL
EXAMINATION
Type II pneumocytes
ans:>surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine
ans:>Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx
ans:>Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with
ans:>Amniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes
ans:>Squamous gas diffusion
,Elastase in lungs
ans:>macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to
ans:>Lysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC
ans:>Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during
ans:>Exhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by
ans:>LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by
ans:>emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC
ans:>DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic)
ans:>pulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting
ans:>Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
,More ventilation is at the
ans:>BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift
ans:>basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift
ans:>low pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs
ans:>*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes
ans:>carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes
ans:>lactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning
ans:>*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient
ans:>5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient
, ans:>*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how
ans:>ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what
ans:>PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound
ans:>BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus
ans:>10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in
ans:>Cardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign
ans:>JVP rises *during inspiration*
Constrictive Pericardiditis
Restrictive/Interstitial Lung Disease:
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR
ans:>Airway widening due to *radial traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
